2. What is Transportation?
Intentional movement of Humans, Animals and Goods
from one place to another is referred as Transportation.
Why Transportation?
All the production is meant for consumption. From the
fields and factory, the produce is brought to the place
from where consumers purchase it. It is the
transportation of these items from the site of their
production.
4. Road Transport
India has the second largest road networks in the world with a
total length about 56 lakh km (Annual report 2017-18). About
85 percent of passenger and 70 percent of freight traffic are
carried by roads every year. Roads are classified as National
Highways, State Highways, Major district and rural roads.
5. *North South corridor - Srinagar to
Kanyakumari
*Golden quadrilateral : 5,846 km
long 4/6 lane high density corridor
connecting
Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkata
*East West Corridor - Silchar in
Assam to Porbandar in Gujarat
6. National Highways :
constitute only 2 percent
of total road length but
carries 40 percent of the
road traffic.
State Highways : Joins
State capital with district
headquarters and other
important towns,
constitutes 4 percent of
road length.
District roads : Connecting
between district
headquarters to other nodes.
Account for 14 percent of the
total road length of the
country.
Rural Roads : About 80
percent of the road in India
are categorised as rural roads.
7.
8. Railways Fact : Indian railway was introduced in 1853. Bombay
to Thane covering a distance of 34 km.
As on 31.03.2020, the route length of Indian Railways
covered 67,956 kms with running track length of 99,235
kms. The total trackage including yards, sidings etc. stood
at 1,26,366 kms. (source : Indian railways civil engineering
portal)
The Indian Railways had asked for an outlay of Rs
2.5 lakh crore as capital expenditure for 2023-24.
Overall, the railways was allocated around Rs 2.45
lakh crore of funds in 2022-23 through various
financing sources, including funds raised through
IRFC for capex deployment.
9. Metro Rail
1984 - First Metro Rail was commissioned in Kolkata for a distance of 3.4 km.
There are currently 16 operational rapid transit (popularly known as 'metro') systems
in fifteen cities across India, with Delhi Metro being the largest. As of December 2022,
India has 822.038 km of operational metro lines and 16 systems. A further 568.15 km
of lines are under construction.
10.
11. Water transport
It is the cheapest, suitable for carrying heavy and bulky, eco friendly mode
of transport.
12. India has a coastline of 7,517
km, including islands.
Major ports - 12
Minor ports - 185
95 percent of India’s foreign
trade by volume and 70
percent by value moves
through ocean routes.
Apart from international trade,
these ports helps us to
commute from islands to rest
of the country and vice versa.
13. Air Transportation
Fact : Air transport in india made a beginning in 1911 when a flight from
Allahabad landed in Naini, spanning a short distance of 10 kms.
14. Transport System and Economic Development in India
A good transport system can broaden the market for goods. It can also make
the movement of raw materials, fuel, equipment, etc. to the places of
production easy.
Further, it opens up remote regions as well as resources for production. Also, as
transport facilities increase, the demand for motor vehicles, locomotives, ships,
etc. increases too.
This leads to the start of industries which specialize in these goods.
