This document defines and describes different types of anemia. It defines anemia as a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. There are several types of anemia described including regenerative anemia, normocytic anemia, microcytic anemia, macrocytic anemia, and non-regenerative anemia. Each type is characterized by differences in red blood cell size and bone marrow response. Causes are provided for each type of anemia such as blood loss, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and bone marrow disorders.

1. RAKSHITH RAJ U M
MVHK 1722
Dept. OF VAHEE

2. It is defined as a decrease in the amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or haemoglobin in the blood.
It can also be defined as a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
Regenerative Anemia
• Anemia with a concurrent
reticulocytosis
• Release of increased
numbers of normal immature
blood cells into the blood.
• Occurs primarily in response
to blood loss or hemolysis.
Causes:
 Immune-mediated
diseases including immune
-mediated haemolytic
anaemia
 Haemorrhage
 Haemolysis
 Anaemia of Chronic
Disease
 Infectious Diseases,
notably: Leptospira, EIA,
Babesiosis, Hepatozoon
Spp.
Normocytic Anemia
• Defined as an anemia with
a mean corpuscular
volume (MCV) of 80-100
which is the normal range.
However,the haematocrit
and hemoglobin is
decreased.
Causes:
 B2 (riboflavin) deficiency
 B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency
 Anemia of chronic
disease (aplastic anemia)
 Hemolysis,
 Post hemorrhagic anemia
 pregnancy fluid overload
 MCV= volume per average
erythrocyte, expressed in
femtoliters (fL) or cubic
micrometers (µm3).
MCV= PCV× 10/ RBC
Microcytic Anemia
• It is characterized by
small red blood cells.
• The normal mean
corpuscular volume is 80-
100 fL, with smaller cells
(<80 fL)
Causes:
 Iron deficiency Anemia,
 Thalassemia
 Sideroblastic anemia
 Anemia of chronic
disease
 Lead poisoning
 Vitamin 6 (pyridoxine)
deficiency
 MCH=quantity of Hgb
per average erythrocyte
expressed in picograms
(pg).
MCH= Hgb× 10/ RBC
Macrocytic Anemia
• It is defined as blood with an
insufficient concentration
of hemoglobin in which
the red blood
cells (erythrocytes) are
larger than their normal
volume.
Causes:
 Megaloblastic anemias
 DNA replication disorders
 Red cell membrane
disorders
 Rapid red cell turnover
and reticulocytosis
 Alcohol
 MCHC=cellular Hgb
concentration per average
erythrocyte, expressed in
grams per 100 ml (gm/dL)
MCHC= Hgb× 100/ PCV
Non-regenerative Anemia
• Anemia without a
concurrent reticulocytosis.
• The failure to regenerate
indicates that there is a
failure to produce red blood
cells in the bone marrow.
Causes:
 Pure red cell aplasia
 Aplastic anemia
 Bone marrow suppression
 Myelophthisis
 Myelodysplasia
 Iron deficiency
 Vitamin B12/folate
deficiency