3. Introduction
A CBC is a series of tests used to evaluate the
composition and concentration of the cellular
components of blood.
It is a blood panel requested by a doctor or other
medical professional that gives information about the
cell in patient blood such as cell count of each blood cell,
type, cell size , shape and concentration.
It is also known as full blood exam.
4. The cells that circulate in the blood stream are generally of
three types:-
RBC [erythrocyte]
WBC[leukocyte]
Platelets [thrombocyte]
Abnormally high or low count may indicate the presence
of many form of disease.
5. Why it is done
CBCs are done to monitor overall health to screen for some
diseases ,to confirm a diagnosis of sone medical condition,
and to monitor changes in the body caused by medical
treatments.
It can reflect acute or chronic infections , allergies and
problems with clotting, etc..
6. Common components of CBC
RBC Count
Hemoglobin (Hb)
Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
Mean Cospuscular Hb (MCH) & Mean Corpuscular Hb
Concentration (MCHC)
WBC Count
Platelet Count
7. RBC Count
Normal Range
Male:- 4.7-6.1 Million/microliter
Female:- 4.2-5.4 Million/mircoliter
High RBC count indicates
Polycythemia , Dehydration, Pulmonary disease, Kidney
& other tumour that produces erythropoietin.
Low RBC count indicates
Anemia like Hemolytic anemia or Aplastic anemia ,
Acute or chronic bleeding , Bonemarrow
disorder/damage, Kidney failure.
8. Hemoglobin
Normal Range
Male:- 13-18 g/dl
Female:- 11.5-16.5 g/dl
High Hb indicates
COPD(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) ,
Emphysema , Polycythemia.
Low Hb indicates
It is due to low RBC, Aplastic anemia, Iron-deficiency
anemia, cancer , Lead poisoning, Multiple myeloma ,
Myelodysplastic syndrome.
9. Packed Cell Volume(PCV)
It is % of RBC circulating in blood.
Normal Range
Male:- 45%
Female:- 40%
High PCV indicates
Polycythemia , COPD, Dehydration, Capillary Leak
syndrome / Clarkson’s Disease.
Low PCV indicates
Anemia , Vitamin & Mineral Deficiency , Heavy Blood Loss
10. Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV)
In this we measure average size of RBC.
Normal Range
80.00-100.00 fL(femtoliter)
High MCV indicates
Vitamin B12 or Follic acid deficiency anemia
Low MCV indicates
Thalassamia, Lead Poisoning, Sickle cell anemia, Iron
deficiency anemia
11. Mean Corpuscular Hb(MCH) & Mean
Corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC)
MCH is amount of HB present in one RBC.
Normal Range:- 27-32 pg (picogram)
MCHC is proportion of each cell taken by Hb.
Normal Range:- 32-35 g/dl
High MCH & MCHC
Sickle cell anemia
Low MCH & MCHC
Microlytic anemia
12. WBC Count
Normal Range
4 thousand – 11 thousand/ microliter
High WBC count(Leukocytosis) indicates
Acute or Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia, Bacterial & Viral
infection, Rheumatoid arthritis, Myelofibrosis(A
Bonemarrow disorder)
Low WBC count (Leukopenia) indicates
Due to acute viral infection like Cold or Influenza , Aplastic
anaemia, AIDS, Cancer , Typhoid, Malaria , Tuberculosis,
Dengue, Lyme disease(it is a bacterial disease caused by
Borrelia burgdorferi)