The document summarizes the key events leading to the formation of the European Community from 1945-1957. After World War 2, there was renewed interest in forming a united Europe to prevent future wars and foster cooperation. The European Coal and Steel Community was formed in 1951 between France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg to integrate their coal and steel industries. In 1957, the Treaties of Rome established the European Economic Community and Euratom to create a common market and coordinate nuclear energy research in Europe. This laid the foundation for increased economic and political integration across Europe.

1. Europe 1945 - 1957
15 November 2014
Naveen Nikamanth A B
Hemanth T

2. Pre-1945 ideas
 After the American War of Independence the vision of a
United States of Europe similar to the United States of
America was shared by a few prominent Europeans.
 Some suggestion of a European union can be inferred from
Immanuel Kant's 1795 proposal for an "eternal peace
congress".
 Attempts after first world war didn’t gain strength due to
the Great depression, rise of communism and Fascism.
 Early advocates of a union of European nations was
Hungarian Prime Minister Pál Teleki. Emphasized
formation of a Union to ensure economic and military
security to smaller nations.
15 November 2014

3. World War 2
Why did World War 2 happen?
 Difference in ideology
 The Axis powers’ Totalitarianism,
autocracy and fascism.
 Hitler’s “Lebensraum” – Living
space for Germans.
 Nazi’s desire to expand boundaries
for self sustenance of the over
populated Germany.
 What if there was an external body
to deal with this problem of food
shortage?
Death Toll
 USSR -20 million
 Germany – 4.2 million
 Poland – 5.8 million
 France – 600,000
 USA – 400,000
 UK – 388,000
15 November 2014
Source:
Gregory Frumkin, Population Change
s in Europe Since 1939

4. The Red Scare
 Two Ideologically
apposed super powers
 Nuclear weapons - War
could lead to the
destruction of Human
species
 Momentum towards
European Cooperation
 Churchill’s idea of
“United States of Europe”
 1948 – Council of Europe.
Integration of Western Europe
 Marshal Plan
 Brussels treaty
 The NATO
 Actual motive: To spread
capitalistic democracy in
western Europe
 Led to Economic integration
15 November 2014

5. Schumann declaration - 9th May, 1950
Certain values such as
justice could not be
defined by the State
apparatus alone. Needed a
common High Authority
especially in allocating
resources.
Fore runner for the
integration of Coal and
steel industries of France
and West Germany
AIMS
 Make war between Member States
impossible
 World peace
 Unification of Europe through
sectored supranational communities
 Sharing European resources in a
supranational union
 Single Market
 “Europe will be born from this, a
Europe which is solidly united and
constructed around a strong
framework. It will be a Europe where
the standard of living will rise by
grouping together production and
expanding markets, thus encouraging
the lowering of prices.”15 November 2014

6. Treaty of Paris (1951)
 Between France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the
Netherlands and Luxemburg
 Formation of ECSC

7. ECSC
 Objective : organizing free movement of coal and steel
and free access to sources of production
 Why ? This choice was not only economic but also
political, as these two raw materials were the basis of
the industry and power of the two countries. The
underlying political objective was to strengthen
Franco-German solidarity, banish the specter of war
and open the way to European integration

8.  Other Institutions established - a High Authority, an
Assembly, a Council of Ministers and a Court of Justice
 Impact
 Neither changed the pattern of production nor the pattern of
trade
 Served its primary purpose : Assuring that Germany would
not again become a dominant force in the continent
 Once the threat of German dominance of coal and steel was
over there was no impetus for integration
 The HA did not set European steel policy and the ECJ did not
serve as a force for integration

9. Failure of EDC
 The E.D.C. was a wise move on the part of the French to
counterbalance the U.S. strategic thinking in the aftermath
of the Second World War. The French fear as a
consequence of the U.S. decision to rearm Germany was,
perhaps, the driving factor for the French Prime Minister
 Their primary aim was to create a stable Europe so that the
U.S. private sector could operate and make business in the
Continent
 Germany was a reliable and predictable partner for the U.S.
to promote its liberal policies on the Continent, whereas
France was resisting the plan
 Role of Britain in its failure – subjugation of their armed
forces to a higher power. Drop in efficiency

10. Role of WEU
 The integration of the Federal Republic of Germany into
the Atlantic Alliance;
 The restoration of confidence among Western European
countries by assuming responsibilities for arms control;
 Settlement of the Saar problem;
 Consultation between the European Community founding
Member States and the United Kingdom

11. Re-Unification of Saarland
 After World War II, the Saarland
came under French occupation
 In 1954, France and the Federal Republic of Germany
(West Germany) developed a detailed plan called the
Saarstatut to establish an independent Saarland.
However the Referendum was rejected.
 On 27 October 1956 the Saar Treaty declared that
Saarland should be allowed to join the Federal
Republic of Germany, which it did on 1 January 1957

12. Treaties of Rome

13.  Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and
West Germany
 Founding of European Economic Community
 Euratom Treaty
 Initially, the Common Assembly proposed extending the
powers of the ECSC to cover other sources of energy
 The Benelux states and Germany were also keen on
creating a general common market, although it was
opposed by France due to its protectionism
 Two separate communities proposed by Paul Henri Spaak –
EEC and Euratom

14. EEC
Objectives
 to transform the conditions of trade and manufacture
on the territory of the Community
 EEC as a contribution towards the functional
construction of a political Europe and constituted a
step towards the closer unification of Europe.
Contributions
 Establishment of a common market
 Establishment of a customs union
 Development of common policies

15. Euratom
 The original members were Belgium, France, West
Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands
 a nuclear-energy industry on a European rather than a
national scale
 coordinate research in atomic energy, encourage the
construction of nuclear-power installations, establish
safety and health regulations, encourage the free flow
of information and the free movement of personnel,
and establish a common market for trade in nuclear
equipment and materials

16. European Community