This document discusses AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). It begins by explaining that AIDS is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and progresses through infection, latency, and loss of T-cells. It then covers the clinical expressions of AIDS including various infections, neoplasms, and immune failure. The document also discusses the epidemiology of AIDS, pathogenesis of HIV, general immune abnormalities seen in AIDS patients, common infections and cancers associated with AIDS, and amyloidosis which can occur in advanced AIDS patients.

2. AIDSEtiology: HIV
Pathogenesis: Infection, Latency,
Progressive T-Cell loss
Morphology:
Clinical Expressions: Infections,
Neoplasms, Progressive Immune Failure,
Death, HIV+, HIV-RNA (Viral Load)

3. EPIDEMIOLOGY
HOMOSEXUAL (40%, and
declining)
INTRAVENOUS DRUG USAGE
(25%)
HETEROSEXUAL SEX (10% and
rising)

4. ETIOLOGY

7. PATHOGENESIS
ATTACHING BUDDING

8. PATHOGENESIS
EARLY BUDDING

9. PATHOGENESIS
MATURE NEW VIRIONS

10. REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
The enzyme reverse transcriptase
(RT) is used by retroviruses to
transcribe their single-stranded RNA
genome into single-stranded DNA
and to subsequently construct a
complementary strand of DNA,
providing a DNA double helix
capable of integration into host cell
chromosomes.

11. PATHOGENESIS

12. PATHOGENESIS
1) PRIMARY INFECTION
2) LYMPHOID INFECTION
3) ACUTE SYNDROME
4) IMMUNE RESPONSE
5) LATENCY
6) AIDS

14. GENERAL IMMUNE
ABNORMALITIES
LYMPHOPENIA
DECREASED T-CELL FUNCTION
B-CELL ACTIVATION,
POLYCLONAL
ALTERED
MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE
FUNCTION

16. INFECTIONS
Protozoal/Helminthic:
Cryptosporidium, PCP (Pneumocystis
Carinii Pneumonia), Toxoplasmosis
Fungal: Candida, and the usual 3
Bacterial: TB, Nocardia, Salmonella
Viral: CMV, HSV, VZ

17. PCP

18. CRYPTOSPORIDIUM

19. CASEATING GRANULOMA

20. CANCERS of AIDS
KAPOSI SARCOMA
B-CELL LYMPHOMAS
CNS LYMPHOMAS
CERVIX CANCER, SQUAMOUS
CELL

21. AMYLOIDOSIS
BUILDUP OF AMYLOID “PROTEIN”
AL (Amyloid Light Chain)
AA (NON-immunoglobulin protein)
Aß (Alzheimer’s)
WHERE? BLOOD VESSEL WALLS, at first
KIDNEY
SPLEEN
LIVER
HEART