The document discusses HIV/AIDS, including what it is, how it is transmitted, stages of infection, testing and treatment options, and prevention methods. HIV is a virus that causes AIDS by destroying CD4 cells and weakening the immune system. It can be transmitted via bodily fluids and from mother to child. Though preventable and manageable, there is currently no cure. Treatment involves antiretroviral drugs to suppress the virus. The best ways to prevent transmission are abstinence, monogamy, safe sex practices, clean needles, and avoiding blood exposure.
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Hiv awareness ppt
1.
2. WHAT IS
HIV??
“Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus”
A unique type of virus (a retrovirus)
Invades the helper T cells (CD4 cells) in the bodyof
the host (defense mechanism of a person)
Threatening a global epidemic.
Preventable, managable but not curable.
3. WHAT IS AIDS
???
“Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome”
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
Disease limits the body’s ability to fight infection
due to markedly reduced helper T cells.
Patients have a very weak immune system(defense
mechanism)
Patients predisposed to multipleopportunistic
infections leading to death.
4. AIDS (definition)
Opportunistic infections and malignancies that
rarely occur in the absence of severe
immunodeficiency (eg, Pneumocystis pneumonia,
central nervous system lymphoma).
Persons with positive HIV serology who have ever
had a CD4 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mcL or
a CD4 lymphocyte percentage below 14% are
considered to have AIDS.
15. Stage 1 - Primary
Short, flu-likeillness
- occurs one to six
weeks after infection
Mild symptoms
Infected person can
infect other people
16. Stage 2 -
Asymptomatic
Lasts for an average of tenyears
This stage is free fromsymptoms
There may be swollenglands
The level of HIV in the blood drops tolow
levels
HIV antibodies are detectable in theblood
17. Stage 3 -
Symptomatic
The immune systemdeteriorates
Opportunistic infections and cancers start to
appear.
18. Stage 4 - HIV
AIDS
The immunesystem
weakens too much as
CD4 cells decrease in
number.
20. TB & HIV CO-INFECTION
T B is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV and
the first cause of mortality in HIV infected patients (10-
30%)
1 0 million patients co-infected in the world.
Immunosuppression induced by HIV modifies the
clinical presentation of TB :
1. Subnormal clinical and roentgen presentation
2. High rate of MDR/XDR
3. High rate of treatment failure and relapse (5% vs < 1% in HIV)
23. Blood Detection
Tests
HIV enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Western blot
HIV rapid antibody test
Absolute CD4 lymphocyte count
Screening test for HIV
Sensitivity > 99.9%
Confirmatory test
Speicificity > 99.9% (when combined with
ELIZA)
Screening test for HIV
Simple to perform
Predictor of HIV progression
Risk of opportunistic infections and AIDS when
<200
HIV viral load tests Best test for diagnosis of acute HIV infection
Correlates with disease progression and
response to HAART
27. PRIMARY PREVENTION:
Five ways to protect
yourself?
Abstinence
Monogamous Relationship
Protected Sex
Sterile needles
New shaving/cuttingblades
28. Abstinenc
e
I t is the most effective method of not acquiring
HIV/AIDS.
Refraining from unprotected sex: oral, anal, or
vaginal.
Refraining from intravenous drug use
29. Monogamous relationship
A mutually monogamous relationship with
aperson who is not infected with HIV
HIV testing before intercourse is necessaryto
prove your partner is not infected
30. Protected
Sex
Use condoms every time youhave
sex
Always use latex or polyurethane
condom (not a natural skin
condom)
Always use a latex barrierduring
oral sex
31. When Using A Condom Remember
To:
Make sure the packageis
not expired
Make sure to checkthe
package for damages
D o not open the package
with your teeth for risk of
tearing
Never use thecondom
more than once
Use water-basedrather
than oil-based condoms