The Global Fight Against Terrorism

The Global Fight Against Terrorism
Aman Patel
Mr. Stout
World History
1/28/14
The Global Fight against Terrorism In order to thoroughly analyze the global fight against terrorism, it is imperative to first understand the definition
of terrorism. Alex Woolf states that terrorism is the use of violence against civilians, in order to achieve political goals (Woolf 4). Such political goals
include altering the government of a country, abolishing unfair laws passed by biased individuals in power, and changing the status quo of a society.
As opposed to an act of war, terrorism involves excessive violence, and is generally targeted towards civilians and innocent bystanders. Smaller or
weaker factions have utilized terrorism as a tactic to attract attention and attack governments (Woolf 8). Governments have also supported terrorism to
suppress and control opposition groups and political parties (Woolf 8).
Many individuals embrace terrorism for various reasons. The grievances could be in forms of dissatisfaction with their economic situation, or
differences in politics and religion with the ruling government (Woolf 12). According to Richard Barret, coordinator of the Al Qaeda Taliban
Monitoring Team for the UN, states should consider education and messaging as methods to decrease the appeal of terrorism to discontented Muslims
(French). Certain individuals resort to terrorism because they are denied a voice in their government. Also, people may find the timing to be right to
voice their opinion, in a violent
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Ethno-Nationalist Terrorism
Ethno–nationalist terrorist groups rely on the terrorism, which seeks to establish an independent state for ethnic, linguistic, cultural groups. They claim
themselves as revolutionary groups, who want to create own ethno centric government. Ethnic terrorism differs from religious and economic causes of
terrorism. Ethno–nationalist are more nationalist than religious counterparts, and they emphasize on national identity, community mobilization, group
identity, and oppose the idea of terrorism. They use violence to keep their presence alive in the particular community, sustain their political agendas, and
find meaningful solutions. In addition, ethno–nationalist terrorism use fear as a tool for polarizing people from different culture, idea, and developing
alternative identities. For example, The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) have been fighting for an independent homeland for three million
Tamils in Sri Lanka. The major parties in this ethnic conflict is aggravated by struggles between Hindus and Muslims. This... Show more content on
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Second, they seek to control over a specific territory to operate an autonomous state, where ethno–nationalist pursue the goal of state based on ethnicity,
and culture. Third, non–Islamic ethno–nationalist terrorists have less or no connection with international terrorism, and terrorist organizations. states
that, "Non–Islamist terrorist groups in Asia and Africa include their local nature, their relative lack of connection to or support from international
radical groups, and their persistent failure (Rubin, B., & Rubin, J.,2008)." For example, the Kashmir conflict is a conflict between India and Pakistan,
which is related to land, territory and ethnicity. However, it brought ethno–nationalist terrorist activities on both sides beginning in the

Religious Extremism : The Major Cause Of Terrorism
Religious extremism is often assumed the major cause of terrorism. This assumption became justifiable in the minds of numerous people because the
terrorist groups are frequently associated with a religious organization, such as Islam. However, the focus on religion deters from other plausible
explanations that cause terrorism. Although, religious extremism is a popular belief of the cause of terrorism, I pose it is not a major cause of terrorism
due to the errors with misrepresented claims and support, the overlook of material interests, and the motivational incentives.
To begin, Goodwin commented, "Strong allegations about Islamic (or Islamist) terrorism and religious terrorism more generally rest upon a series of
conceptual errors as well as empirical claims with remarkably little empirical support," (Jackson and Sinclair, 2012) (p. 128).
Those errors caused by the misinterpretation of the strategies, included violence that the terrorist groups utilized for their plan. According to Goodwin,
(Jackson and Sinclair, 2012) one example includes, "states and political movements may employ ideologies (including religion) to recruit soldiers and
other supporters; to build solidarity and commitment among those soldiers and other supporters; or to signal the general righteousness and legitimacy
of their political goals," (p. 128). The problem reveals no clear way to distinguish the ultimate motives of the terrorists,
Debate Paper 32 and I agree with

Legal Activities Are Another Option For Raising Money
Some of these operations can also undermine the support of their cause if they contradict their ideology or upset the populous they are trying to get
support from (Freeman, 2011, p.468). Legal activities are another option for raising money. Opening legal business is an option for terrorist
organizations, "while Al Qaeda was in the Sudan between 1992 and 1996, the organization operated many legitimate businesses, including farms where
peanuts were grown and honey was produced, several trading companies, a tannery, a furniture–making company, a bakery, and an investment
company" (Freeman, 2011, p.469). The security of these companies is often seen as a positive, since they are entirely legal they cannot be shut
down by the government without reason (Freeman, 2011, p.469). They can also be used to launder money (Freeman, 2011). With a legal business
that pays taxes and must conform to governmental regulations, it can increase their visibility and allow a look inside the organization through
financial records and audits (Freeman, 2011, p.469). These activities also require more effort, skills, and are less profitable (Freeman, 2011, p.470).
This method is less common and is only used in certain scenarios but can have a large impact on the views of the organization and make them look
more legitimate. Popular support is another common form of raising funds. This is comparable to state funding since the money is simply given to help
the cause, but it is coming from a different

Social Recovery
Sri Lanka is deeply committed to solving the post–economic and social recovery conflict due to its 26–year civil year war, as it devastated nearly 66%
of the population of its Northern and Eastern provinces. After the civil war against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) ended in May
2009, most aspects of life suffered ___ hundreds of thousands of people were displaced, institutions disintegrated, and imperative irrigation schemes
were in great need of repair. The government of Sri Lanka (GOSL) is now experiencing colossal and extremely complex challenges of reassembling
marred or destroyed physical infrastructure, albeit the top priority of GOSL is to guide the conflict–affected population back to productive life and to
establish a physically, economically and socially sustainable environment for their recovery.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The government launched a number of reconstruction and rehabilitation activities such as leading demining activities with the purpose of reducing
High Security Zones (HSZ) and other programs to implement new livelihood activities for resettled civilians. The GOSL exposes, "The government's
priority has been the resettlement of the approximately 300,000 IDP's, while ensuring that they are provided adequate shelter, food, security and
livelihood support." To enable the rural poor to improve their livelihood and quality of life, the government was able to establish interim camps for all
internally displaced people (IDP) after the war, including ex–LTTE cadres. All interim camps were provided with basic needs of the IDPs including
food, shelter, medical facilities and other sanitation

The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism by Pape, Bloom,...
"Terrorism involves the use of violence by an organization other than a national government to cause intimidation or fear among a target
audience;" at least, this is how Pape (2003) defines terrorism in his article "The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism" (343). The goal of this article
by Pape is to discuss suicide terrorism and how it "follows a strategic logic, one specifically designed to coerce modern liberal democracies to make
significant territorial concessions" (343). Similar to Pape, Bloom (2004) and Horowitz (2010) also delve into the exponential increase of suicide
terrorism and why it occurs. Although Pape, Bloom, and Horowitz concur that suicide terrorism is increasing, they disagree why it is so prominent.
While the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
in Pape 347). As far as occupation, Pape (2003) feels it plays a key role within the property of timing. Between 1980 and 2001, 188 separate suicide
attacks occurred, 179 of which were parts of terroristic campaigns, and a majority of these campaigns were direct results of seven disputes: "the
presence of American and French forces in Lebanon, Israeli occupation of West Bank and Gaza, the independence of the Tamil regions of Sri Lanka,
the independence of the Kurdish region of Turkey, Russian occupation of Chechnya, Indian occupation of Kashmir, and the presence of American
forces on the Saudi Arabian Peninsula" (347). Therefore, it is no surprise why Pape believes the resentment of foreign occupation is such an effective
motivator for suicide terrorism (357). Unlike Pape (2003), Bloom (2004) takes the perspective that ethnic outbidding and standard–bearers are the
greatest influence on the escalation of suicide terrorist attacks. According to Bloom, without the presence of monopoly over force, bombing efforts
increased in occurrence and magnitude and there was a rise of groups claiming responsibility in an effort to outbid other terrorist groups, thus creating a
competitive and outbidding domino effect (65). Bloom also states "with every major attack since November 2000, support for suicide bombings has
increased and support for the Palestinian Authority has decreased"

Hezbollah Effectiveness
Hezbollah is the organization that I will be discussing in this essay. Hezbollah is one of the more perplexing organizations in the Middle East.
Hezbollah has created such an organized style that much of many terrorist group would emulate. There is a perception that Hezbollah and Al Qaeda
are fighting for similar causes, but Hezbollah are Shi'ites and Al Qaeda are Sunnis. Hezbollah is under the leadership of three central figures that
played an intricate part in their involving over the years. Musawi who provided the connection to Iran and with Iran, Hezbollah was receiving millions
of dollars, weapons, and training to continue fighting and able to provide support to the people of Lebanon. This essay will discuss techniques Hezbollah
is using ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Delegitimization of the corrupt Muslim regimes meaning do not follow Sharia law as corrupt and illegitimate, thus sanctioning the means to overthrow
Muslims regimes. 3. Joining the Jihad against corrupt Arab rulers and the West as a means to promote the idea of the Islamic nation. 4. Defining the
enemy as calling the enemies of Islam, the "Little Satan" and the US, as the "Great Satan". 5. The principle of sacrifice, Hezbollah adopted the idea
early on and carried out suicide attacks against foreigners in Lebanon between 1983–85. This method of operation was later adopted by other terrorist
organizations around the world. 6. The principle of "the rule of the jurisprudence". In Khomeini's approach of allowing religious scholars to run the
Islamic state was this principle was strictly followed by Hezbollah (Azani,

The Rwandan Genocide Of Rwanda
Starting on April 6, 1994, Hutus started butchering the Tutsis in the African nation of Rwanda. Lasting 100 days, the Rwandan Genocide left
approximately 800,000 Tutsis and Hutu sympathizers dead. To understand this act horrible against the Tutsi population, one most be aware of key
historical factors that lead to increase in tension between the Tutsi and Hutu. At the point when Rwanda was initially settled, the general population
who lived there raised cows. The general population who claimed the most cattle were called "Tutsi" and other people was called "Hutu." During time
period, individuals could without much of a stretch change classification through marriage or cattle acquisition. Considering "Tutsi" and "Hutus" speak
the same language, inhabit the same areas, and follow the same tradition. It wasn 't until Europeans came to colonize the zone that the expressions
"Tutsi" and "Hutu" tackled a racial part. During these time, Belgium colonists believed that Tutsi's had more European physical futures and where in
this manner a more prevalent race. Furthermore, the Belgium's distributed identity cards which stated whether you were of Hutu or a Tutsi ethnicity.
Tutsi's welcomed the Belgium's idea and for a prolonged timeframe were given better social, economical and political opportunities, such as higher
political voice, better job opportunists, and better education. Despite the fact that Hutus consisted of the vast majority of the population compared to
Tutsis. This

Persuasive Essay On Child Soldiers
Not all countries are as easy living and equally looked upon as the United States. Even though Human Rights Laws are set in stone all over the world,
there are many broken every day. Usually there are specific groups or the government in that country will violate these rules. Many have also tried to
stop or prevent any further damage from these illegal actions, but there has been little success. The terrorist group ISIS and multiple others have
disobeyed the human rights laws by establishing children as soldiers. More than one dozen countries use children under the age of eighteen as
soldiers. Most children work under adult supervision as adult commanders, armed combatants, spies, couriers, laborers, or servants (Gale Student
Resources 1). Children in these positions experience physical war dangers, psychological trauma, or sexual abuse. Using child soldiers is a
common and cost effective way to wage war. Child brains are still developing; therefore easy to indoctrinate and coerce. Children are not only
easily controlled by superiors, but don't require much food as well. They can be used as sacrifices to protect adult soldiers. From a child's point of
view, one may be poor and desperate for food, shelter, and money, leading to the joining of an army. War may also seem preferable to his/her current
life of abuse, poor living, no family or educational opportunities available (Gale Student Resource 2). Child soldiers is a clear violation of human rights
and automatically

Motivations for a Terrorsit Organization Essays
Terrorist organizations employ a variety of methods to inflict damage on their enemies. Some of the methods that have been successfully deployed by
terrorists groups include: guerrilla warfare, roadside bombs, LEDs, and suicide bombing. Among these methods, suicide bombing has proven to be the
most effective method for terrorist organizations to employ and achieve their goals. Furthermore, in his book, Knights Under the Prophet's Banner,
Zawahiri argues that "the method of martyrdom operations is the most successful way of inflicting damage against the proponent and the least costly to
the mujahideen in casualties." The goals of this essay is to provide an understanding into the factors that lead to terrorist organizations... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
All that's required is a willingness to kill and a willingness to die." Also, one needs to take note that most of the suicide bombers according to Pape are
not life–long members of the organization. In other words, they are specifically used only for the purpose of suicide bombing. Pape adds that these
some of the suicide bombers are in the organization for only a few months while others are in the organization for only a few weeks. Therefore, this
makes it hard for intelligence agencies to infiltrate these suicide bombers, and most of them are already dead when they are uncovered which is
beneficial for the terrorist organizations that employ them because dead persons cannot talk and reveal sensitive details about their respective terrorist
organizations. It is also crucial to note by employing suicide bombers (humans), it gives the terrorist organization an added advantage; 'the human
bomb' can adapt and adjust accordingly when the situation requires him / her to do so. Thus, Hoffman argues that a person wearing a bomb is far
more dangerous and far more difficult to defend against than a timed device left to explode in a marketplace. An important factor to note is that, the
cost of suicide bombing operations is relatively cheap in comparison to other methods which require the use of expensive technology, and engineers

The Film Analysis Of The Film Paradise Now
The film Paradise Now tells the story of Khaled and Said, two Palestinian young men who are recruited for suicide bombing missions in Israel. The two
men live rather mediocre, uneventful lives until they are "hand picked" for the attack. The film goes on to tell an insightful story that humanizes the
young would–be terrorists instead of vilifying them; expressing a point of view of the Palestine–Israel that is rarely exposed. Set over the span of a
mere 48 hours, the story begins with Khaled and Said at work at a car repair shop, when they have a confrontation with an unhappy customer that
results in Khaled's job being terminated. At the end of his work day Said meets a young woman by the name of Suha, who brings her car to the
shop for repairs. She is the daughter of an Islamic revolutionary and there is some foreshadowing of Suha possibly becoming a romantic interest of
Said. It's obvious they have an immediate and special connection. As Said is on his way home from work he encounters Jamal, who is a teacher and a
member of an unnamed Palestinian resistance force. He informs Said that he and Khaled have been chosen to become Martyrs together in accordance
with the wishes of the resistance force; and that they are certain to enter paradise. But we sense they realize that the mission is really about revenge and
honor; and to find a place in their nation's history. Their final night is to be spent with their families and to contemplate their fate; although their families

Suicide Terrorism And Islamic Fundamentalism
Dying To Win, Robert A. Pape challenges the views about why suicide terrorists do what they do and to whom. Pape is trying to convey that "suicide
terrorism is rising around the world" (Pape pg. 6). Since many terrorist attacks have been perpetrated by Muslim terrorist motivated by religious beliefs,
it makes people think that Islamic fundamentalism is the central cause. The connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism is
incorrect, and encourage foreign countries to harm many Muslims people that are harmless. The author has assembled a database that accounts "every
suicide bombing and attack around the globe from
1980 through 2003" (Pape pg. 7). There were 315 of terrorist suicide attacks at all. Pape believes that the data proves that there is little connection
between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism. The main agitator of suicide attacks is "the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, a
Marxist–Leninist group whose members are from Hindu families but who are adamantly opposed to religion" (Pape pg. 9). The Tamil Tigers
committed 76 of the 315 suicide attacks. The author clearly and convincingly gets his message across by supporting his ideas using a database of the
suicide attacks. The database helps the reader knows what all terrorist attacks have in common.
All suicide attacks have in common that "terrorist want to force modern democracies to withdraw military forces from territory that the terrorists
consider to be their homeland" (Pape pg. 9).

Terrorism
Given the growing global threats of terrorism, it is significant that an understanding of the history, nature and mechanism–premises under which terror
operates is obtained. This is significant as it would shape the perspective of policy makers when addressing issues of this nature. Terrorism, as it is
understood is the action of none–state weak actors, individual or groups, who for some reasons feels suppressed, marginalized and, or denied what they
may view as the basic human right. All terrorism has political objectives, even though the perpetrators may use religious relics to appeal to a wider
existing audience, and invoke a response through violent act to prove or propagate their point. Yoram Schweitzer in "Suicide Terrorism... Show more
Hezbollah suicide terror attacks forced the Israeli army to pullout from their heartland of central Lebanon, and caused the UN peacekeeping force to
withdraw completely. Observing such occurrence, one could notice that Hezbollah's actions were mainly political. Even though they may glorify and
promote martyrdom to achieve their course.
Also Schweitzer's demonstrates that Hezbollah tends to use suicide terror against Israel as a deterrent and retaliatory apparatus. He exemplify for
instance, that after an Israeli air force assassinated Abas Musavi, secretary general of Hezbollah in February 1992, Hezbollah retaliated by carrying out
suicide bombing against Israeli embassy in Buenos Ares, in March 1992 injuring 250 people and killing 29. In addition, Armstrong forwarded that,
terrorist organizations tend to decrease their terror activities whenever they seem to achieve a political objective. For instance, he reasoned that in
Lebanon, suicide terror increased when the Israeli army arrested top Hezbollah leaders, but decreased when the prisoners were released. These indicate
that the primary goal of suicide terrorist organization is political, not religious. Also, because the dominant religion in the Middle East is that of Islam,
terrorist organizations use this to their advantage. By using religious tone to propagate their course, they are effectively communicating to an audience
that understands them in that term, which helps to promote their

Why Suicide Terrorism Is An Effective Tactic
Critically examine why suicide terrorism is such an effective tactic.
Over the past decades suicide terrorism has confirmed its effective tactic and it is seem to be developing and growing movement. Terrorism is designed
to cause panic within people, communities and countries but also to gain the publicity through media. Suicide terrorism, more than other forms of
terrorist activities is presenting determination and dedication both of dying by individual terrorist as well as the desire to kill innocent people. Suicide
terrorism is an attractive tool for terrorist activities with guarantee media publicity with the international dimension. The aim of the attacks is to draw
attention of governments, international organisations and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Properly motivated suicide bomber is in a position to break closer to the attack point and is more flexible which makes him more effective, also takes
advantage of favourable situation. Suicide types of attacks are particularly shocking to people who do not understand the rationale and motivation of
perpetrators of such attacks. In addition, it deepens the psychological effect of suicide bomb attacks which is adding the fear and thus better promoting
the objective of the terrorists.
Another element of the strategy is untwisting the "spiral of violence". The classic mechanism, which assume the existence of cycles of suicide
terrorism activity in a "action–repression–reaction" it is aimed at lowering the public support for the government, and increase it for the terrorists. By
curried out the suicide terrorism attacks, the intension and aim of the terrorists is to hit the repressive actions of the authorities not only in themselves
but also in the group indentified with them and/or their supporters (a specified ethnic group, religious, social or the entire society). As a result, this
process has lead to massive social explosion directed against the government. Such a model of strategy for terrorism has been used by most of the leftist
groups in Europe in the nineteenth century, and in the

The Pros And Cons Of Religious Terrorism
Religious terrorism is majorly underpinned by the idea that religious terrorists employ different violent tactics that are more deadly and indiscriminate
compared to other forms of terrorism. Religious terrorism is alleged to be distinct from other forms of terrorism because it involves acts of
purification (Gunning & Jackson 2011). These acts are based of ancient rituals, such as self–sacrifice, commonly martyrdom, or targeting a large
portion of noncombatants to sacrifice or because they are non–believers, instead of targeting specific political symbols to achieve political aims
(Gunning & Jackson 2011). Considering this view, religiousterrorism is argued to be deadlier because such terrorists aspire to cause maximum
casualties. Following this argument, this characteristic of religious terrorism is different to other forms of terrorism because they do not target any
specific defined political demands, since they want to destroy the society and eradicate a great portion of the population (Spencer 2006). This type of
act is grounded on the idea that such terrorists see their struggle as good against evil (Spencer 2006). As a result they have dehumanize their victims
and anyone who are not apart of their struggle as infidels or traitors (Spencer 2006). Not only does this indiscriminate violence becomes morally
acceptable for them but it becomes a righteous and a necessary expedient for their religious purpose and objectives. Furthermore, the idea religious
terrorists are

Bolshevik American Revolution
(pg. 457) The Bolsheviks had complete control of the revolution. They left the army in control of the alcohol, and they got drunk. Later, the army men
sold liquor to civilians, and the civilians destroyed the community. Gorkii noted that the violence was not about a revolt, instead it was more like wild
animals taking over.
(pg. 458) Gorkii realized that violence was taking over and the children were making fun of people getting killed. What are we teaching the children
who will be in control of our future? The Bolsheviks used violence to get rid of the troubled minority.
(pg. 459) The Bolsheviks used violence as a main priority to solve problems. The never thought about the financial damage that it caused. In the 20th
century, the nonviolent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
466) The Basques was saluted by Adams because they were becoming peaceful and nonviolent. Basques became independent and they were no
longer united. The military did not want to cooperate with the Spanish state. They stopped being leaders of a wonderful cause and became enemies of
people who wanted a stabilized society. People who lived by the sword, died by the sword.
(pg. 467) The Bolsheviks used violence as a cleansing ritual. Death should not be feared and murdering is considered a sport and a source of power.
(pg. 468) In 1949, Chelvanayakam decided to use Gandhi's nonviolent approach as a promise to the Tamils, and he expected nothing else. After twenty
years, violence was in complete control in Sri Lanka and the promise never took place. Violence became a culture and it was impossible to have
political order. Violence can discourage or weaken the antagonist, but is inefficient in grasping on to its agenda. "Shooting your way to power may
destroy the old order, but you cannot free your people until they give you their consent" (Ackerman & Duvall, 2000:

The Strategic Logic Of Suicide Terrorism Summary
Strategic Logic and Suicide Terrorism
Suicide terrorism is frequently associated with irrational behavior. In the article "The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism" written by Robert A. Pape,
he asserts that suicide terrorism are strategies of rational thinking. Furthermore, he claims that leaders of terrorist organizations utilize suicide terrorism,
as a form of coercion. Thus, he characterizes suicide terrorism as a rational and strategic act amongst the leaders of terrorist organizations to achieve
their political objectives. Although Pape constructed a significant correlation between coercion, suicide terrorism, and success. The article, however,
fails to present a well–balanced argument, opposing viewpoints, and lacked sufficient ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, he emphasizes how terrorist organization in turn assess their targets. Targeting democracies at a certain time in policy debate lead Pape to
conclude that the coercive nature of the suicide terrorist attacks is what make them successful in achieving their goals. The author uses two key
examples to explain his findings. He emphasis the success of coercion with policy decisions. Israel's withdraw from Gaza, "Israeli concessions
increased their confidence in coercive effectiveness of suicide attack" The Crucial Case of Hamas "examinations of the crucial cases demonstrates that
terrorist groups came to the conclusion that suicide attack accelerated Israeli's withdraw in both cases" (). Pape concludes that viewing the increasing
success of terrorist attacks to coerce governments it actuality it is not successful as often as terrorist wants. In Papas premise, he makes the claim that
there is a strategic logic behind suicide terrorism. His central argument is, in fact, a valid one to make. The nature of these attacks are far more
advance and coherent to be random and irrational. The author does an excellent job of making that appoint at the beginning of the article. The fact that
he emphasizes timing "nearly all suicide attacks occur in coherent campaigns," targets "for the last two decades aimed at democracies," and nationalism
"gaining control over territory"

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Essay
Charlotte Bronte writes in the famous novel Jane Eyre, "I am no bird; and no net ensnares me: I am a free human being with an independent will". As
the writer shows the freedom wills is rooted into the woman and they fight for their independence based on their situation. But most of the Asian
culture defending the rights and portraying the women into the frames of concerned, beautiful, caring, weak and under estimating them. Women are
expected to play a conservative role in the community. Especially they considered as the 'Honor' of the family who is responsible for preserving the
prestige of the family. While it is true that women are beautiful, care and concern, it does not necessarily compulsion to determine this feature only
define the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But "It is symbolic of breaking free from oppressive social customs against women in Tamil society" (The Hindu, 2002). This quote is simply
represents that above appearance change was the first step to the social transformation by proving that there is no difference in dressing between males
and females. Thus a huge call for action started not only against the politics but also against the social structure of Sri Lanka. The LTTE women fighters
were participated and dedicated themselves in the war. The LTTE female combaters proved that the women are not biologically weaker than males.
The LTTE women fighters trickled down the broad view that the women are soft and weak. Kelly Oliver, writer of book "women as weapon of war"
says, "in the past, American women served behind the front lines as nurses in Korea and Vietnam..." (Oliver, 20), but LTTE women were front line
fighters during the war zone. It means the LTTE female fighters were brave enough to oppose the armed forces in the battle to prove their egalitarian as
men. In the LTTE organization, the women undertake the same tough trainings as men do, also breaking up into fighting groups in the battle field as
front line fighters, intelligence and gathering information from the enemies in the high security places of Sri Lanka, and being appointed as political
and administrative unit officers with in the LTTE organization (The Hindu, 2002). They were also the

Sri Lanka
SRI LANKA
Welcome all of you to Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon before 1972 and became independent in 1948.its 1972 constitution claimed it an
independent republic. Based on Geography profile showing that Sri lanka is about 65,610sq/km between West Asia and South East Asia. Sri Lanka is
an island–nation situated in the Indian Ocean, off the south–eastern coast shores of India., Sri Lanka is a multi–religious and multi–ethnic nation, where
almost 70 percent of the population follows Buddhism. After gaining independence in 1948, the nation has progressed to quite an extent. Today, it
boasts of being a modern industrial economy that has one of the highest per capita incomes in South Asia. Apart from that, it is also a famous tourist...
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The main Sri Lankan import business are Textile, fabrics, Mineral products, Petroleum, Foodstuffs, Machinery and transportation equipment. The
country's economy was socialist oriented in the past, but in the present scenario the country has stepped forward for private participation and
competitive environment. Agriculture, industry and services have their respective importance in contributing the Gross Domestic Product.
2.4 Environmental issues The Environment deforestation soil erosion and wildlife populations threatened by poaching and
Urbanization is consists coastal degradation from mining activities and increased pollution such as freshwater resources being polluted by industrial
Wastes and sewage runoff waste disposal cause air pollution in Colombo Sri Lanka.
2.5 Interesting facts
Sri Lanka is often known as the Pearl of the Indian Ocean. The world famous writer Michael Ondaatje comes from Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is the
world's largest Tea exporter. Sirimavo Bandaranayake became the first female Prime Minister in the world when her Freedom Party won
elections in 1960. The national flag of Sri Lanka, the Lion Flag, is considered to be one of the oldest flags in the world. The spice cinnamon originated
in Sri Lanka and was discovered by the Egyptians. The most common meal in Sri Lanka is a spicy curry served with rice and a small side dish of
vegetables. The 'Na Tree', botanically known as 'Mesua Nagassarium' is the National Tree of Sri

The Liberation Tigers Of Tamil Eelam
From its inception in 1976, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), or Tamil Tigers, have launched a campaign to form a separate
independent state for the Tamils in the Northern and Eastern part of Sri Lanka (SATP). The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) released a
report in 2008 stating the LTTE to be "among the most dangerous and deadly extremists in the world" (FBI). According to the FBI report, the LTTE
perfected the use of suicide bombers, invented the suicide belt, became the first to use women in suicide attacks and are credited with the
assassination of two world leaders, the only terrorist organization to have ever done so (FBI). Apart from its ruthless guerilla tactics, the LTTE are
considered as one of the most organized and disciplined terrorist organizations (SATP). The leadership within the LTTE is divided between two
groups: a military wing and a political wing just beneath it. The military wing is composed of a naval unit– the Sea Tigers, an air force– the Air Tigers,
a suicide unit– Black Tigers, an elite fighting wing, and an intelligence unit (SATP). The central governing committee was responsible for overseeing
the two wings and Velupillai Prabhakaran, the founder of the LTTE and head of the power structure, was the chairman of this committee and the
commander–in–chief of the Army (SATP). The leadership and command structure of the LTTE allowed for a continuous Sri Lankan civil war that
lasted for over 30 years and has claimed the lives of an

The War Torn Hearth Of Terrorism On Russia Essay
Introduction Chechnya has been a war–torn hearth of terrorism on Russia's southern periphery for a few decades. Couple weeks before the 2014 Winter
Olympics in Sochi a number of suicide bombings were carried on Russian soil, which brought an extensive international attention to the dangerous
North Caucasus region. Such brutality and bloodshed illuminated poor governance and counterterrorism threats in geographically close but ethnically
different area of Russian Federation, which is embedded with separatist and nationalistic campaigns. The North Caucasus was highlighted as a critical
region that will remain a source of endemic tension and conflict. [National Intelligence Council (2004), p. 54] Among the territories with the lack of
governance, the North Caucasus, especially Chechnya, is definitely worth attention because this extremely diverse region is located in pivotal/critical
frontier between Asian and European civilizations, carries the most dangerous transit path for the smuggling of illegal weapons and goods and is
highly corrupted. According to J.Brown "lagging economies, ethnic affiliations, intense religious convictions, and youth bulges will align to create a
'perfect storm' for internal conflict." [Janet P. Brown Globalization in 2020] Moreover, location and intensity level of the conflict are determined by the
competence of the country's government. Those countries, such as Russia, that are unable to both satisfy the expectations of their people and resolve

The Lankan Civil War : Sri Lanka
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Sri Lanka | Facts and History
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Dead insurgents ' bodies dumped in the trash, 1989. Robert Nickelsberg, Hulton Archive/Getty Images By Kallie Szczepanski
Asian History Expert
For more than 25 years in the late 20th century and into the 21st, the island nation of Sri Lanka tore itself apart in a brutal civil war. At the most basic
level, the conflict arose from ethnic tension between Sinhalese and Tamil citizens. Of course, in reality the causes are more complex, and arise in
large part from Sri Lanka 's colonial legacy.
Background to the Civil War:
Great Britain ruled Sri Lanka, then called Ceylon, from 1815 to 1948. When the British arrived, the country was dominated by Sinhalese speakers
whose ancestors likely arrived on the island from India in the 500s BCE. Sri Lankan people seem to have been in contact with Tamil speakers from
southern India since at least the second century BCE, but migrations of significant numbers of Tamils to the island appear to have taken place later,
between the seventh and eleventh centuries CE.
In 1815, the population of Ceylon numbered about three

Sri Lanka Genocide
Canada, a country known for its rich mosaic of cultures and people, it is uncommon for us to picture the oppression and discrimination of any minority
groups. Unfortunately, not all countries live up to par with our human rights. Such as Sri Lanka, a small island located off the south coast of India,
surrounded by the Indian Ocean. This beautiful country beholds some of the greatest entities such as its prosperous tea plantations. However, beneath
this beauty lies a tremendous amount of corruption and chauvinism. From the time when Sri Lanka received independence from the British colonies,
the population was split into two different cultures. The Majority being the Sinhala Buddhists while the minority being Hindu Tamils. The government
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Upwards of seventy thousand Tamil civilians were killed and hundreds of thousands were displaced (United Nations, 2000). Worldwide it is known
as the May massacre and black July. The systematic killings of the Tamils were considered genocide. The United Nations (2000) states, that genocide
is the " [perpetration of] violent crimes with [the] intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group"(P.337). The
genocide against Tamils has been going on for years and the Sri Lankan government has not been brought to justice. Till this day, the surviving Tamil
civilians are kept in concentration camps where many men, women and children get tortured, kidnapped and raped. According to the Sri Lankan
government, these camps were made for rehabilitation purposes. David Keen (2014) states that the use of the camp is, "a dramatic practical
expression of the fact that the Tamil population as a whole was considered suspect in relation to rebellion and terrorism" (P.10). Even after the
genocide and the victory of the civil war, the Sri Lankan government still has not done anything to bring equality amongst its population. Let alone any
sort of independence for the Tamil civilians. The newly elected President, Mahinda Rajapaksha opted to take Sri Lanka down an authoritative road
(stone, 2014). He has brought other members of his family to governmental positions creating a permanent family line of non–democratic leadership.
The instability and corruption within the government will assure that the Tamils will continually be

Genocide Protest
Tamil Genocide Protest in Toronto
Greater Toronto Area is home to about 200,000 tamils, so there was no doubt that they wanted the canadian government to take action. Though the war
between the Sri Lankan Government and The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, (a terrorist group who wanted a separate nation) lasted 25 for years.
The final stage of war is what erupted the international protest, among many immigrated tamils. This is because the war went out of limits, and
innocent citizen began to die as they were being used as human shields. The government and LTTE also put journalist restrictions, which isolated
innocent tamils. The United Nations Humanitarian Organization believes approximately 90,000 victims were killed. Furthermore aid agencies ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Tamil Canadians aimed to be heard by the president of TheUnited States, Barack Obama, Prime minister of Canada at the time, Stephen Harper,
and lastly the consulate general of Sri Lanka, Bandula Jayasekera. The first notable protest began on January 30th 2009, it was a 5 km human chain
that lined up along key streets in Toronto. Citizen held signs that signified the injustice going on such as "respect tamil sovereignty", "stop the
genocide", "Canada aids pay for genocide" and much more. Unfortunately, reports claim that the consulate general Bandula referred the protesters as
terrorist and did not permit entrance. The University of Toronto, and Ryerson's, Tamil student association groups also raised awareness on campus,
through poster, hunger strikes, speeches, and staged demonstrations. Another major protest occurred at Parliament Hill in Ottawa on February 4th
2009. This protest caught the eyes of some politicians. Including, Jack Layton (former leader of NDP) who said he would call a meeting at the house
of commons to discuss the issues. Also Bev Oda (former MP) stated that the government would provide financial aid to the affected civilians, with the
help of World Vision and MГ©decins Sans FrontiГЁres. Two months later the protest began on April 6th which was non
–stop and lasted for 15 days.
The ottawa protest came to an end because the of high policing cost, which was estimated to be around 800,000. Two other notable protest are the
Gardiner expressway blockade and the Queen's Park

International Relations : The Domestic And The International
International relations are often conceptualized as interactions between clearly delineated nation–states. In this globalizing world, however,
transnational actors are playing an increasingly larger part. Diasporic communities hold significant political clout within their adopted lands, as well as
their home countries. Accordingly, several scholars have strived to break away from that traditional dichotomy: the domestic versus the international.
Expanding on Robert Putnam's theory of international negotiations as a two–level process (in which politicians must simultaneously please their
domestic constituency and the foreign states they are negotiating with), Yossi Shain and Tamara Coffman Wittes refer to a "three
–level game".
Diasporas are distinct from the hostland as well as the homeland, existing in a third space that confers them with unique political agency. To Shain and
Wittes, "diasporas cannot be viewed simply as a domestic constituency within their host state but must also be viewed as independent actors in the
conflict resolution process" (Shain & Wittes, 172). This distinction is particularly significant in light of the fact that the interests of a diasporic
community are not always perfectly aligned with those of the residents of the homeland: Shain and Wittes argue that the primary value of the homeland
within the diaspora consciousness is its symbolic power to convey and preserve identity – in contrast to those who live in the homeland, who may have
more

Impact Of ISIS On Society
It's hard to imagine how anyone reasonably well off in Australia will ever think to join a terrorist organisation like ISIS. Yet, it turns out that this viral
disease has spread into the minds of too many people and many have taken themselves over to Syria to fight for a group that regularly beheads people.
ISIS has managed to recruit people, mostly young Muslims and persuaded them that the regular beheading of people is better than anything western
society stands for. But how?
The answer isn't as simple as mental illness, awesome twitter brainwash techniques or the irrefutable promise of cookies. That may be a part of it, but it
goes much deeper than that to the fundamental cause common to all young people joining radical terrorist movements. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Saving our children from these radical terrorists should happen at the roots of the cause. Culture, religion and the colour of your skin shouldn't matter
when it comes to being accepted. Australia one of the most culturally and linguistic diverse nations in the whole world and we should be proud of it.
Isn't it a bit hypocritical to call ourselves egalitarian and then refuse anyone just because they look different, dress different or have different beliefs?
If we take away the reason that people join terrorist organisations before we send our tanks and troops to kill them, then maybe we'll have an actual
chance of

Which Terror Is Greater: Secular or Religious? Essay
Which Terror Is Greater: Secular or Religious?
Alexandra C. ZuГ±iga
CJ290/ Terrorism
Mr. Scott Thompson
Kaplan College
12/20/2012
Abstract
Secular terror is anything that does not have to do with religion; however, religious tactics can be used to get ahead in secular terrorist organizations.
Religious terror is based on the protecting, converging, and maintaining beliefs of a religion upheld by a religious terrorist group. Although different
tactics are carried out by each different group of terror, they have some core features in common, such as emotionally evocative symbols, rituals, and
myths (Alcorta, Phillips, Sosis, 2012). With their differences and similarities, the question at hand is which terror is greater? Religious... Show more
The main goal of secular parties is assassination. Once realization of any goal set is achieved, the secular group is finished.
Secular Terrorist Organizations
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelamor LTTE is "secular and is eager to maintain its secular status," (Schalk, 2003). The LTTE is the only terrorist
group in the world that once had its own military. The FBI stated that the LTTE "is one of the most dangerous and deadly extremist outfits in the
world and the world should be concerned about the outfit as they had inspired networks worldwide" in their report of January 10, 2008 (SATP,
2011). Their main objective was to create a separate homeland for the Tamils known as the Tamil Eelam in the Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri
Lanka. One of the major aspects of the LTTE's operations was its publicity, fund–raising and military gaining schemes. The largest publicity centers
were located in the UK, France, Germany, Switzerland, Canada, and Australia. The most financial support they received came from six main areas:
Switzerland, Australia, the UK, Canada, and the Scandinavian countries. At one time, the LTTE had come to gain control of nearly one–fourth of the
territory of the island nation. However, they were demolished when their chief, Velupillai Prabhakaran, was killed on May 18, 2009.

The Liberation Tigers Of Tamil Eelam
During the Sri Lanka Genocide, crimes against humanity were committed against the Tamlins by the Sri Lankans. Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian
ocean, located south–east of India. The original name of the island is the Democratic Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka had their own language. "In 1956, the
Official Language Act was enacted" (Mitchell, pg. 2). This act made the Sinhalese language the 1st language that 74% of the people on the island
spoke. The different languages caused many issues on the island. This language caused some of the people to resign because they could speak this
language. Since, they couldn't resign they went against the government. The Tamils felt they weren't important to theSri Lanka. To make them feel
important, they made ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These riots happened to get bigger and turned into battles. These battles lead to a lot of people dying. This has been Sri Lanka 's big plan, to
attack the Tamils. They also had many more plans that they went along with too. Their plans made them do things that they didn't want to do,but
they did them anyways. One thing they did was damage the property. "By July 28, there was an estimated $300 million in property damage..."
(Mitchell, pg.3). They didn't care much about the property while they were battling. These battles kept getting bigger and badder. They soon began
to do target killings. The Tamils would mainly target anyone they thought was a Tamlin instead of a Sri Lankan. They just watched the LTTE hurt
and kill people. There was a hospital where everyone went to during the battles to not get killed. The hospital, where everyone went to get away
because they thought it was "safe". There was no safe place to go in these battles because the "safe" place (the hospital) soon got blown up. After the
explosion the hospital wasn 't much help for them. In the Puthukkudiyiruppu hospital, "At least nine people were killed and at least 20 others were
injured..."(Evans, pg.3). Even if you try to escape the hospital before it got blown up, you would've got killed.
If you weren't killed in the bombing of the hospital, you could've been killed by being tortured, raped, burned, hitting, and kicking. There were so many
killings and the number just increased

History Elective Terrorism : Is An Act Done By An...
History Elective Terrorism Assignment
Q1. Terrorism is an act done by an individual or a group, using violence or the threat of violence to frighten people, in order to achieve a political,
social or religious goal. The word "terrorism" comes from the French word terrorisme, meaning "to frighten." Terrorism was originally referred
specifically to state terrorism, which the French Government practised during the years 1793 – 1794 in the "reign of terror." The roots and practices of
terrorism can be traced back to 1st century AD in Judea where there was an assassination of Roman rulers. Terrorist ideology and aims vary from
each individual and/or group. There has been over 2000 cases of terrorism driven by religious purposes. Religious terrorism is carried out due to
motivations and goals in relations to religions or religious figures. An example of this are extremist groups such as Al Qaeda who justify their attacks
by believing that these are commands given to them by the Koran. Political terrorists carry out violent acts to make a point with government leaders.
An example of this is the assassination of Abraham Lincoln on April 15, 1865. Moral beliefs is another aim of terrorism. Moral issues such as
anti–abortions have led to attacks, including abortion clinics and their staff in the late 1980's.
Q2. Terrorism is an act which can be carried out in various different forms. 60% of terrorist attacks involve explosives and 30% use firearms.
Assassinations are a tactic used by

Ceylon Calling
Ceylon Calling – Reasons to Visit Sri Lanka Now
Pristine jungles, emerald beaches, heritage cities, carpets of tea plantations, rich culture – Sri Lanka is beautiful. Find out the other reasons to visit.
Sri Lanka, a tiny teardrop island in the Indian ocean, is a destination for everyone. One can only wonder at the sheer variety of places packed into this
little jewel. Being a tropical country, Sri Lanka is sun–kissed for most of the year. Sri Lanka is now peaceful and safe as the civil war between the
government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelamended in 2009. Here are some of the reasons to head to Sri Lanka this winter.
The Climate
The best season to visit Sri Lanka is between December and March. This time is known to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yala National Park is a famous destination for ecotourism and it can bring out the best photographer in you. It's known for its variety of birds, reptiles
and has the highest concentration of leopards. Serious bird watchers can rejoice in Sri Lanka.
You're never far away from the sea with more than 1,300 kilometers of sandy beaches on the island. Bentota and Beruwala have some of the best
beach resorts. They offer a range of water sports too. Unawatuna beach is a picturesque stretch of golden sands, voted as one of the 'Top Ten Beaches
of the World' by Discovery Channel. Pasikuda and Kalkuda are untouched beaches with calm waters. There are many other beaches: Kosgoda to watch
the turtles, Welligama to Tangalle Bay for the rugged rocks and coconut groves, Pigeon Island for the coral reefs and pigeons, Alankuda beach for
dolphin and whale watching, and Arugam Bay for surfing.
The very essence of Sri Lanka is formed from Buddhism and Hinduism; the culture is influenced by the colonial rules of the British, the Portuguese
and the Dutch. Sri Lanka's culture can be experienced from the warm people, music, traditional arts, architecture, cuisine, and cricket. The essential hill
county vacation calls for a visit to the velvety tea plantations of Nuwura Eliya. There are ballooning, rafting, diving, and rock climbing to get your
adrenalin going. For those in pursuit of relaxation,

Sri Lanka's Continual Civil War
Sri Lanka's Continual Civil War The ethnic tension between Sri Lanka's majority and minority populations, the Sinhalese who are mostly Buddhists
being the majority and the minority being mostly Hindu and are called Tamil, has been going on for many of years. Finally in 1983 the ethnic tensions
finally spilled over into civil war. The civil war has been mostly between the government of Sri Lanka and the militant organization called the
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. The LTTE are fighting for an independent Tamil state called, Tamil Eelam. The government of Sri Lanka has relied
heavily on two of the four faces of power and those two would be force and persuasion, while the LTTE has used punishment as its main face of
power in this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not only did this hurt civilians but it also affected the Sri Lankan economy negatively. With a sizeable amount of money coming into the country
through tourism, having eight planes destroyed is not good for business. This definitely cost the Sri Lankan government hundreds of thousands, if
not millions of dollars. Since 1980 the LTTE has carried out more than 200 suicide bombing attacks which goes to show the morale and passion
these people have for creating their own state and punishing Sri Lanka in order to do so. Force and persuasion are the two dominant faces of
power used by the Sri Lankan government while trying to get under control the LTTE and finally end their ongoing civil war. On the other hand,
the LTTE has predominately used punishment against the government of Sri Lanka to try and get the outcome they would most prefer, a Tamil
Eelam state. While these faces of power seem to have been used effectively in some small isolated occasions, in order for this seemingly never
ending civil war to finally come to a halt, one side is going to have to give a little more than they are right now. Until either side uses a face of power
more effectively in getting the other side to do what they do not want, the civil war will quietly continue.
Word Count: 881
Works Cited
"Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Sri Lanka, separatists)", August 2006

The Threat Of Terrorist Attacks
In terrorist attacks, individuals or groups use violence to obtain political or social objectives through the intimidation of a large audience beyond that of
the immediate victims (Santifort–Jordan & Sandler 2014, 981). If the terrorist attack is particularly shocking, then the terrorist group hopes that their
malicious act will cause sufficient social anxiety that society will pressure the government to concede to the group 's demands. Suicide terrorist attacks,
the execution of which requires the terrorists to sacrifice his or her life, have grown in number since the late 1990s (Santifort–Jordan & Sandler 2014,
981). According to Robert Pape (2003), suicide terrorism is rising around the world, but the most common explanations do not help us understand why.
Terrorist organizations are increasingly relying on suicide attacks to achieve major political objectives. For example, spectacular suicide terrorist
attacks have recently been employed by Palestinian groups in attempts to force Israel to abandon the West Bank and Gaza, by theLiberation Tigers of
Tamil Eelam to compel the Sri Lankan government to accept an independent Tamil homeland, and by Al Qaeda to pressure the United States to
withdraw from the Saudi Arabian Peninsula (Pape 2003, 343). Furthermore, such attacks are increasing both in tempo and location.
Before the early 1980s, suicide terrorism was rare but not unknown (Pape 2003, 343). However, since the attack on the U.S. embassy in Beirut in April
1983, there

Sri Lanka Genocide
The island of Sri Lanka, situated in the Indian Ocean off the southern tip of India, is an exquisitely beautiful and spiritual place. Torture, rape and
random killings have been perpetrated by the military and pro–government paramilitaries. Underpinning this war has been Western military aid and
political support. This reflects Sri Lanka's strategic significance, but also that the military, political and theocratic elites that rule Sri Lanka maintain
Western domination of the economy that still follows the colonial export–oriented model (FRONTLINE). The Tamils of South India frequently
invaded Sri Lanka. They wished to control the island's wealth and people. However, at the times Tamil involvement in the island was equally the...
Concern today was Walter KГ¤lin, the Secretary–General's Representative for the Human Rights of Displaced Persons, who said the LTTE is
preventing civilians from leaving the area and placing military installations close to them, while the Government, for its part, has been using heavy
weapons such as mortars there in recent days.This combination of factors must have resulted in unacceptably high numbers of civilian casualties. Mr.
KГ¤lin also expressed his concern over the dire living conditions in camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs) who escaped the conflict, with the
influx of an additional 110,000 people during the last 10 days of April posing further challenges for the Government and its humanitarian partners (UN
expert). More than 64,000 people have been killed here in ethnic strife over the past twenty years.
Human–rights organizations estimate that the Tigers have killed 8,000 fellow Tamils considered to be traitors to the rebel cause. Human–rights
organizations estimate that the Tigers have killed 8,000 fellow Tamils considered to be traitors to the rebel cause (FRONTLINE). The representative
said to call on the LTTE to let the remaining civilians go and both sides to agree to humanitarian pauses for that purpose as well as to allow
humanitarian access to bring in much–needed food and

How Media Affects Society Essay
How The Media Affects Society
The media is undoubtedly a significant and influential aspect in modern day society. As a means of communication in a world very much advanced in
technology, the media touches all types of people through various forms such as the radio, newspapers, televisions etc. The question remains: what
information is left unbiased and untarnished? The people within society must sort through the many bits of information fed to them and unfortunately,
in most cases, all bits of media is taken as the whole truth. The ways in which media impacts society to a great extent are through the facts it chooses
to reveal, as recently seen in the case of the Tamil war inSri Lanka. The tone in which it is presented such as the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The tone can affect society's view on the situation, resulting in either a positive or negative reaction. As seen on May 10th when thousands of Tamils
met on Toronto's Gardiner Expressway, for almost 4 hours shutting down a key artery in the city's road network. If the media had said, "The Tamil
protesters are keeping Torontonians hostage in their own city" vs "The Tamil protesters are bravely doing what needs to be done to save their
families". This could have resulted in Toronto turning against the Tamil community and possibly resulting in hate crimes, but instead the tone of the
media was in favour of the protesters. Which has resulted in a positive reaction from Toronto and the Canadian government. The tone in which the
facts are presented by the media, can easily change the point of view of the consumer, and can have either a positive or negative reaction regardless of
the truth behind the facts. Lastly, the media uses its voice to target certain audiences for certain reactions. Who can the media target? In the case of
Victoria George–Pazzano, a 29 year old woman who suffered a severe asthma attack while on vacation in Mexico became critically ill. Victoria's
family pleaded to the Canadian government and Ontario hospitals to bring her home,but were continuously told that there were no beds and doctors
available to treat in all of Ontario. The family of Victoria then pleaded there case to the media,

Terrorism And Terrorism Essay
Radicalization is a process of socialization to extremism. Radicalization processes is what lead to acts of terrorism. It thrives in an enabling
environment with a sediments of injustice, exclusion and humiliation among the terrorists groups. Triggering factors varying in accordance to
individual experience and personal pathways to radicalization, it is due to global, sociological and political drivers such as extreme marginalization,
general decline or globalization. Hence, to analyze the drivers of radicalization, we need to understand the collective grievances behind radicalism by
making comparisons of primary causes of radicalization which will ultimately lead to terrorism in different terrorists groups like ISIS and LTTE, will
allow us to decide if whether terrorism is primarily due to globalization.
Terrorism is primarily due to globalization. Due to globalization, there was a widespread of dissatisfaction, due to the very rapid changes in society, and
the Western supremacy. Breeding grounds for radicalism and terrorist recruitment emerge not because of deprivation, but rather the time at which
negative social, economic and political trends converge. Especially in the Arab world, relative deprivation, the absence of opportunities relative to
growing aspirations and expectations. Information technology provides an interconnected nature of the world and globalization create an acute
awareness about opportunities available elsewhere. Allowing more to be more conscious

The Threat Of Suicide Attacks
Another misconception is that fanatics create suicide terrorist attacks in isolated events, this is false. The majority of suicide attacks are usually
clustered events, which are part of a large campaign to coerce a government. Those who reside in the most upper rankings of the organization,
strategically and carefully plan the timing of these campaigns. The timing of the attacks can be used to allow time for negations, to encourage a
government to act more swiftly, or to allow time for regrouping due to the effects of the previous bombings. The timing is crucial to the ultimate goal
of the organization because the organizations do not want the effects of the attacks to be counterproductive, if an organization is in negotiations with the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Terrorist organizations will most likely announce their goals and demand and if they are not met suicide attacks as well as other attacks will be
carried out, until the demands are met. Once the goals are moderately obtained, the attacks will systematically stop. C. Suicide terrorism has
become increasingly popular because many terrorists are confident in their ability to carry out the attack. The act of suicide bombing is more
secure for the organization as a whole, than any other method. Instead of having to create and intricate escape plan and risk the bomber being
captured, the bomber will simply perish with all the information they know. There is a low risk factor for the organization, the insurgent would not
need to extensively plan out every detail of the attack because if needed the individual could change their plan and still be able to inflict a
devastating effect. These individuals are classified as "ultimate smart bombs", they are able to move about freely and change locations to create the
most damage. These human smart bombs are not only able to attack the masses but also a specific target (Hoffman 132). If an issue arises, they are
more flexible then other types of warfare such as placed bombs. These last minute changes are crucial to the overall effectiveness of the attack. The
attacks would also not take a financial strain on the organization. With the average

Pape's Realist Theory Of Suicide Terrorism
In his article, Pape starts with a definition of suicide terrorism alongside other types of terrorism, namely demonstrative terrorism and destructive
terrorism, and gives a brief overview of the purpose and benefits of each method. Pape continues by explaining his reasoning for believing the use of
suicide terrorism to be rational, focusing on the timing, target selection and pursuit of nationalist goals employed by terrorist groups using suicide
terrorism. Pape uses examples such as the Hamas attacks against Israel in 1994 and 1995 to coerce Israel into withdrawing from the Gaza strip and
certain West Bank towns respectively. Pape further attributes the rise in suicide terrorism to the level of success it has experienced, citing 6 of 11...
Pape uses the liberal idea that democracies are more vulnerable to terrorist attacks due to the large influence the public has on the government. Pape
argues that democracies are seen as having a lower threshold of cost tolerance in foreign affairs and are less likely to respond to suicide terrorism
with extreme measures such as invasion. Pape also avoids a spurious correlation with his claim that democracies have lower thresholds of cost
tolerance by emphasizing that while the evidence on democracies having lower thresholds is spurious, it is the terrorists' perception of them as weaker
that makes them targets regardless of their actual relative threshold levels. In these ways, Pape uses liberal theory to support his argument that the use
of suicide terrorism is rational and strategical by showing that the terrorists intentionally pick targets that they believe, and according to liberal theory,
should be

The Tamil Refugees at Victoria, British Columbia Essay
On October 17, 2009, seventy–six Tamil refugees arrived off the cost of Victoria, British Columbia in a rusty boat followed by another four hundred
ninety two exhausted Sri Lankan Tamil asylum seekers in August 2010 (CBC News, 2010; Bauder & Bradimore, 2011). Their migration stemmed
from the civil war that had been ongoing in their homeland for over two decades. Human rights agencies and media around the world raised concerns
over human rights violations, and death of tens of thousands of innocent civilians in Sri Lanka. Canadians, those of Tamil ethnicity and otherwise, were
concerned, many of whom took to the streets of Toronto in protest between January and May in 2009. However, despite the street protest throughout
the summer of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, concurrent to those accepting declarations, claimsmaking activities by the Canadian government, especially by Public Safety Minister Vic
Toews contributed to the social construction of a negative portrayal of the Tamil refugees, shaping their image as illegal migrants who are trying to
take advantage of a generous nation like Canada. Declarations by Toews and other government spokesmen that the country's laws will have to be
stricter to prevent boatloads of desperate people fleeing persecution and poverty from seeking refuge in Canada constructed a public image that these
Tamil refugees were illegitimate and thus not qualified to get support from Canada (Jones, 2010). They also repeatedly said that the boat's voyage to
Canada was likely organized by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelamwith the aim of infiltrating terrorists into Canada and raising funds. These bold
statements further guided the public to believe that the refugees were closely linked to terrorist organizations and that accepting them could become a
national security predicament (CBC News, 2010). Government spokesmen continued to frame the arrival of refugees as a risk, a practice that was
continually repeated and strengthened through media reporting.
Media Claimsmakers
The media makes an essential contribution to the way in which the public understands controversial issues such as the arrival of refugees in Canada.
The public has

Terrorism And Its Effect On Society
Terrorism is described as the wrongful use of violence to intimidate civilians or politicians for ideological, religious, or political reasons with no
regard for public safety (Bloch, Hayley). Terrorism, used in Medieval Times to gain power and land, continues to be prevalent in a different way in
today's media. With modern sciences, technology and security have advanced. Although security has developed and we are learning more ways to
protect ourselves, so has technology, allowing terrorist organizations to be 'creative' with their attacks. This advanced technology has caused the
number of casualties due to terrorism to spiked since 2013 by 80% (Costa–Roberts, Daniel). Happening all over the world, at any given moment,
people face this heinous crime intended to strike fear. A stereotype is that all terrorists, or people that use terrorism in hopes of change, are
Muslim. This common belief is because, when Muhammad created the 5 Pillars of Islam (or Iman), a sixth was thought to have followed, called
Jihad. Described as "holy war", Jihad is a saying people often proclaim while carrying out these vicious attacks because they are doing this in the
'name of god (Allah)'. However, those people are extremists. This 6th pillar refers to the internal and external efforts to be a good Muslim or a
believer, as well to inform people about the faith of Islam; it was not initially a violent concept. Terrorism is connected to the Medieval times as well.
After emerging around

The Global Fight Against Terrorism

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