Presentation on Autism Spectrum Disorder,

1. Faysal Ahammed
Bsc. In Physiotherapy
5th Batch
4th year. Roll-26
Institute of Health Technology.
Under Faculty of Medicine
University of Dhaka

3.  Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that
affects the functioning of the brain, and characterised
by impairments in social interaction, problems with
verbal and non-verbalcommunication and restricted,
repetitive behaviour, interests and activities. It is a
nonprogressive disorder.
It was first Described by kanner in 1943 where his
observation was “the exceptional ones who appeared
to be asocial, lacking in communication skills both
verbal and nonverbal and committed to repetitive
ritualistic behaviors.”

5.  The prevalence of ASD is constantly rising the statistics showed
that
Autism Pred0minately affects males, with a male to female ratio
of approximately 4.3:1.
 ASD affects over 2 million individuals in the U.S. and tens of
millions worldwide
It is as much a mystery today as it was when kanner stated.
In UK 1 in
100 People
In USA 1 in
88 People

6. In the total assessed population in (n=414), 8 children were
diagnosed with Autism,plus 1 child with Pervasive
Developmental Disorder,Not Otherwise Specified (PDD
NOS) and 1 child with Rett Syndrome. The 8 with autism-
 6 were from Dhaka city,
 1 from Kulaora
 1 from Godagari.
The PDD NOS child was from Godagari and the Rett
Syndrome child from Kulaora.
 In Dhaka city the prevalence was 30/1000
 0.68/1000 in rural populations.

7. In DSM IV
Social Deficits -2
Communication Deficits
Sterotypic/Repetitive Behaviors

8. SocialDeficits
• Eye contact
• Showing/Sharing
• Emotional
Reciprocity
Communication
• Language
• Pretend Play
• Conversation
Sterotypic
• Routines
• Preoccupation
• Intense focus
• Motor

9. Under the current DSM-5, the diagnosis of autism
requires that at least six developmental and behavioral
characteristics are observed
There are two domains where people with ASD
must show persistent deficits:
 1) persistent social communication and social
interaction
 2) restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior

10.  Individual must demonstrate at least 6 of the 12
symptoms
At least 2 symptoms from the social domain
At least 1 symptom from communication domain
At least 1 symptom from the restricted
behaviors/interest domain
At least 1 symptom must have been present before 36
months of age

11.  Most common initial symptom reported by parents is
delayed (or abnormal) speech development
 Social-communicative abnormalities in the first and
second year of life:
 Eye contact
 Social referencing
 Imitation
 Orientation to name
Shared attention and affect
 Early recognition and identification of autism-->early
behavioral markers of autism

12.  We can say that autism is a Spectrum of Disorder or
different condition. They include- Aspergers Syndrome,
PDDNOS, SPD, Rett Syndrome etc.
In Aspergers Syndrome They Adopt or even
1. Supernormal in Reading
2. Calculating
3. Drawing
4. Memorizing
They have Fewer symptoms, no language delay.
They think in Picture or Drawing.
PDD NOS-Pervasive Developmental Disorder is another
milder Disorder in Child.
SPD- Semantic Pragmatic Disorder.

13. People with ASD may have other difficulties
1. Very sensitive to light,
2. Noise
3. Clothing
4. Temperature.
They may also experience sleep problems, digestion
problems, and irritability.

14. Screening tools specific to ASD:
 The Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT)
 The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-
CHAT)
 The Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds
(STAT)
 The Stage 2-Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Screening Test (PDDST-II)

15.  In a study found that the ASD patients EEG, CT, MRI is
Normal.
 In the few Brain Examined postmortem no lesion of
any of the conventional type have been found.
Although it is a Neurodevelopmental Disorder.

16. Some researcher founds the below abnormalities
 A curlailment of the normal development of
neuron in the limbic system.
 A decrease in the number of purkinje cell
that appears to be congenital.
 Age related changes in the size and number
of the neurons in the diagonal band of
Broca.

17.  They found various motor aspects to be lacking in children
with ASD. They include
 So it is crutial to evaluate motor delay or motor deficit early
in the children with ASD.
Hypotonia (51%)
• Motor Apraxia (34%)
Toe Walking (19 %)
• Gross Motor Delay (9%)

18.  Whirling of the Body
 Manipulating an object
 Toe walking
 Particularly Hand Flapping.

19.  A study suggest that walking programme improve the
physical condition of adolescents with severe ASD and
Reduce their BMI index.
 Physical activity is have positive effects on
 Social Behavior
 Communication skill
 Academic engagement
 Sensory skills
 Motor skill is the instrumental for learning skills in other areas Like
Above.