To know about definition , causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment home remedies for floating these can give knowledge by this presentation

1. R.PRIYA
PROFESSOR
RETINAL DETACHMENT

2. INTRODUCTION
The incidence of retinal detachment in otherwise normal eyes is around 5
new cases in 100,000 persons per year. Detachment is more frequent in
middle-aged or elderly populations, with rates of around 20 in 100,000 per
year. The lifetime risk in normal individuals is about 1 in 300.

3. DEFINITION
A separation of the retina from its connection at the back of the eye. The
separation usually results from a tear (that is, a rent or rip, not a tear drop) in
the retina, which often occurs when the vitreous gel pulls loose or separates
from its attachment to the retina. Once the retina has torn, the vitreous liquid
can pass through the tear and accumulate behind the retina. The build-up of
fluid behind the retina is what separates (detaches) the retina from the back of
the eye. Vision loss occurs if the detached retina is not repaired.

4. ANATOMY OF EYE

5. Continued with anatomy
The eye is our organ of sight. The eye has a number of components which include
but are not limited to the cornea ,iris ,pupil , lens ,retina , macula , optic nerve,
choroid and vitreous.
•Cornea: clear front window of the eye that transmits and focuses light into the eye.
•Iris: colored part of the eye that helps regulate the amount of light that enters
•Pupil: dark aperture in the iris that determines how much light is let into the eye
•Lens: transparent structure inside the eye that focuses light rays onto the retina
•Retina: nerve layer that lines the back of the eye, senses light, and creates
electrical impulses that travel through the optic nerve to the brain
•Macula: small central area in the retina that contains special light-sensitive cells
and allows us to see fine details clearly
•Optic nerve: connects the eye to the brain and carries the electrical impulses
formed by the retina to the visual cortex of the brain
•Vitreous: clear, jelly-like substance that fills the middle of the eye

6. CAUSES
Age , Myopia, Cataract surgery ,Trauma ,Degenerative retinal lesions, Stickler's
syndrome
Juvenile X-linked retinoschisis , Marfan’s syndrome , Proliferative diabetic
retinopathy , Proliferative vitreoretinopathy , Retinopathy of prematurity ,
Penetrating eye injury , Sickle cell retinopathy , Retinal vein occlusion
Inflammatory (uveitis, scleritis),Hydrostatic (malignant hypertension, toxaemia
of pregnancy),
Neoplastic (choroidal melanoma, haemangioma, metastasis),
Vascular (Coat’s disease, retinal macro aneurysm),
Maculopathy (neovascular macular degeneration, central serous choroido
retinopathy),
Congenital disorders (nan ophthalmos, optic disc pit)

7. RISK FACTOR
The following factors increase your risk of retinal detachment:
•Aging — retinal detachment is more common in people over age 50
•Previous retinal detachment in one eye
•Family history of retinal detachment
•Extreme nearsightedness (myopia)
•Previous eye surgery, such as cataract removal
•Previous severe eye injury
•Previous other eye disease or disorder, including retinoschisis, uveitis or
thinning of the peripheral retina (lattice degeneration)
•take glaucoma medications that make the pupil small (like pilocarpine)
•had a serious eye injury
•have weak areas in your retina (seen by an eye doctor during an exam)
•Lattice degeneration (thinning along the edges of your retina)
•Diabetic retinopathy (damaged blood vessels in your retina because of diabetes)
•Posterior vitreous detachment (the vitreous gel in your eye pulls away from your
retina)

8. TYPES
 Rhegmatogenous (reg-ma-TODGE-uh-nus). These types of retinal detachments are the most
common. Rhegmatogenous detachments are caused by a hole or tear in the retina that allows fluid
to pass through and collect underneath the retina, pulling the retina away from underlying tissues.
The areas where the retina detaches lose their blood supply and stop working, causing you to lose
vision.
• The most common cause of rhegmatogenous detachment is aging. As you age, the gel-like material
that fills the inside of your eye, known as the vitreous , may change in consistency and shrink or
become more liquid. Normally, the vitreous separates from the surface of the retina without any
complications — a common condition called posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). One complication of
this separation is a tear.
• As the vitreous separates or peels off the retina, it may tug on the retina with enough force to create
a retinal tear. Left untreated, the liquid vitreous can pass through the tear into the space behind the
retina, causing the retina to become detached.
 Tractional. This type of detachment can occur when scar tissue grows on the retina's surface,
causing the retina to pull away from the back of the eye. Tractional detachment is typically seen in
people who have poorly controlled diabetes usually because diabetes has damaged the blood vessels in
the back of your eye. or other conditions.
 Exudative Or secondary retinal detachment or serous ratinal detachment. In this type of
detachment, fluid accumulates beneath the retina, but there are no holes or tears in the retina.
Exudative detachment can be caused by age-related macular degeneration, injury to the eye,
tumors or inflammatory disorders.

9. PATHOPHSIOLOGY

10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•Photopsia, or sudden, brief flashes of light outside the central part of their
vision, or peripheral vision. The flashes are more likely to occur when the
eye moves.
•A significant increase in the number of floaters, the bits of debris in the eye
that make us see things floating in front of us, usually like little strings of
transparent bubbles or rods that follow our field of vision as our eyes turn.
They may see what looks like a ring of hairs or floaters on the peripheral
side of the vision.
•A heavy feeling in the eye
•A shadow that starts to appear in the peripheral vision and gradually
spreads towards the center of the field of vision
•A sensation that a transparent curtain is coming down over the field of
vision
•Straight lines start to appear curved

11. DIAGNOSIS
A dilated eye exam is the best thing can do for eye health! It’s the only way to check for eye diseases early on, when
they’re easier to treat — and before they cause vision loss.
The exam is simple and painless. eye doctor will check for vision problems that make it hard to see clearly, like being
nearsighted or farsighted. Then doctor will give some eye drops to dilate (widen) your pupil and check for eye
diseases.
Get a dilated eye exam every 1 to 2 years if you:
•Are over age 60,Are African American and over age 40,Have a family history of glaucoma
•If have diabetes or high blood pressure, ask your doctor how often you need an exam. Most people with diabetes or
high blood pressure need to get a dilated eye exam at least once a year. A visual acuity test to check how clearly
you see. Your doctor will ask you to read letters that are up close and far away.
•A visual field test to check peripheral (side) vision. doctor will test how well can see objects off to the sides of your
vision without moving your eyes.
•An eye muscle function test to check for problems with the muscles around eyeballs. doctor will move an object
around and ask you to follow it with your eyes.
•A pupil response test to check how light enters eyes. doctor will shine a small flashlight into your eyes and check
how your pupils react to the light.
•A tonometry test to measure the pressure in your eyes. doctor will use a machine to blow a quick puff of air onto
eye, or gently touch eye with a special tool. Don’t worry — it doesn’t hurt!
•Dilation to check for problems with the inner parts of your eye doctor will give some eye drops to dilate (widen) your
pupil. This helps the doctor see inside your eye.

12. SURGICAL TREATMENT
When a retinal tear or hole hasn't yet progressed to detachment, eye
surgeon may suggest one of the following procedures to prevent retinal
detachment and preserve vision.
•Laser surgery (photocoagulation). The surgeon directs a laser beam
into the eye through the pupil. The laser makes burns around the retinal
tear, creating scarring that usually "welds" the retina to underlying tissue.
•Freezing (cryopexy). After giving you a local anesthetic to numb eye,
the surgeon applies a freezing probe to the outer surface of the eye
directly over the tear. The freezing causes a scar that helps secure the
retina to the eye wall.

13. SURGICAL TREATMENT•Injecting air or gas into your eye. In this procedure, called pneumatic retinopexy (RET-ih-no-pek-see),
the surgeon injects a bubble of air or gas into the center part of the eye (the vitreous cavity). If positioned
properly, the bubble pushes the area of the retina containing the hole or holes against the wall of the eye,
stopping the flow of fluid into the space behind the retina. doctor also uses cryopexy during the procedure
to repair the retinal break.
•Fluid that had collected under the retina is absorbed by itself, and the retina can then adhere to the wall of
eye. may need to hold your head in a certain position for up to several days to keep the bubble in the
proper position. The bubble eventually will reabsorb on its own.
•Indenting the surface of your eye. This procedure, called scleral buckling, involves the surgeon
sewing (suturing) a piece of silicone material to the white of your eye (sclera) over the affected area. This
procedure indents the wall of the eye and relieves some of the force caused by the vitreous tugging on the
retina.
•If have several tears or holes or an extensive detachment, surgeon may create a scleral buckle that
encircles entire eye like a belt. The buckle is placed in a way that doesn't block vision, and it usually
remains in place permanently.
•Draining and replacing the fluid in the eye. In this procedure, called vitrectomy, the surgeon removes
the vitreous along with any tissue that is tugging on the retina. Air, gas or silicone oil is then injected into
the vitreous space to help flatten the retina.
•Eventually the air, gas or liquid will be absorbed, and the vitreous space will refill with body fluid. If silicone
oil was used, it may be surgically removed months later.
•Vitrectomy may be combined with a scleral buckling procedure.
After surgery your vision may take several months to improve. You may need a second surgery for
successful treatment. Some people never recover all of their lost vision.

14. CARE AFTER SURGERY
Immediately after the operation, you can expect:
•The eye will be covered with an eye pad and perhaps a protective eye shield.
•May need to stay in hospital overnight or, occasionally, longer.
During the post-operative period:
•Eye may be uncomfortable for several weeks, particularly if a scleral buckle has been used.
•Vision will be blurry – it may take some weeks or even three to six months for your vision to improve.
•Eye may water.
•Expect a ‘gritty’ feeling on the surface of your eye if stitches have been used.
•Avoid rubbing or pressing on the eye.
•May need to wear an eye pad for protection at night while your eye is healing.
•Make sure to follow all directions for medications, such as eye drops.
•Avoid vigorous activity for some weeks following surgery.
•Obey all instructions on head positioning.
•See surgeon immediately if you experience severe pain.
If you have had gas inserted into eye as part of retinal re-attachment procedure, it is extremely important
that do not fly until it has completely reabsorbed. This may take up to four weeks

15. COMPLICATION AFTER SURGERY
•cataract formation (loss of clarity of the lens of the eye)
•glaucoma (raised pressure in the eye)
•infection
•haemorrhage (bleeding) into the vitreous cavity
•vision loss
•loss of the eye, although with modern surgical techniques this is a very
unlikely outcome.

16. PREVENTION
• Regular routine eye examinations every year or two. These
help your eye specialist to detect any changes such as
inflammation, thinning or tears in the retina which could
progress to retinal detachment.
• Prevent eye injuries by wearing protective goggles when you
are working with power tools or performing activities which
involve small objects flying around (possibly into one eye). This
also applies when you are using guns of any description, or
participating in any type of fireworks show. in physical contact
sports such as boxing, squash, or soccer, it is important to
protect your eyes from a direct blow, which could lead to
detachment of the retina, by wearing appropriate eye
protection.

17. NATURAL REMEDIES FOR FLOATERSeye floaters involve many lifestyle changes. Try the following:
•Eat a healthy diet full of anti-inflammatory foods.
•Apply hot and cold compresses to help your eyes relax.
•Gently massage your temples with your eyes closed.
•Do eye exercises, such as rolling your eyes and focusing on a moving object, to build resistance to fatigue and reduce
floaters.
•Reduce screen time.
•Wear protective glasses, such as sunglasses and computer screen glasses.
•Drink lots of water to help rid the body of toxins that can lead to floaters.
1.Take a daily vitamin supplement that includes omega-3 fatty acids, beta-carotene, selenium, lutein, spirulina, chlorella,
blue-green algae, and vitamins A, C, and E. eat more
•Try self-acupressure.
•Get good rest and allow your eyes time to relax.
Herbal therapy is another natural treatment option for eye floaters. Herbal techniques to fight eye floaters include taking:
•Gingko Biloba to improve circulation to the eyes.
•Traditional Chinese formulations for eye health.
•Grapeseed and bilberry extracts for their antioxidant properties.
All of the above natural remedies are aimed at promoting eye health and reducing toxins and inflammation that can lead
to eye floaters. Avoidingactivities to eye health such as too much screen time, reading in poor light, smoking, and drinking
too much alcohol and caffeine, are additional steps you can take to treat your eye floaters naturally.
Talk to your doctor before you begin taking any supplements. They can confirm it won’t negatively interact with any other
medications you are taking.

18. CONT…
1.eat more blood-building foods, including fresh vegetables such as spinach
and beets, and dried fruits, such as raisins, figs, and prunes.
2.Turnip tops, leeks, okra, tomatoes, lettuce, Swiss chard, cilantro, yams,
carrots, cabbage, green peas, watercress, whole grains, beans (especially
soybeans and mung beans), cloves, sesame seeds, and
3.Fresh fruits, including apples, peaches, pears, mulberries, blueberries, and
blackberries, are all beneficial.
4.Avoid foods high in fat content, animal fats, red meat, dairy products, and
spicy foods all contribute to the buildup of toxins and waste in the body and
should be eliminated.
5.Avoid coffee and alcohol, which injure the yin essence.