Science and Technology Quiz

1. Shaastra Main Quiz
iitm quiz club
AMRITA / cONDUR

3. ● 7 rounds - 4 written, 3 b/p
● 24 b/p questions in total
● +10/-5 on b/p

4. w/ROUND

5. Di erentiate
6 Questions
+5 for each correct part
+3 if BOTH CORRECT BUT WRONG ORDER

6. 1. put X and Y
X and Y are easily confused with each other since they
are both naturally occurring events and are used
interchangeably because of their similar characteristics.
X are the elevation and fall of huge amounts of _____.
The cause of such is the different interaction of
gravitational forces exerted between the moon, the Earth
and, to some degree, the sun. By contrast, Y are simply
the effects of powerful winds raging on _____ surfaces.

7. 2.
A works at the superficial level of meaning — that is, words or phrases are
converted into something else and this chunking generally shortens the
message.
B, on the other hand, works at a lower level: the level of individual letters,
small groups of letters, or, in modern schemes, individual bits.
Historically, cryptography was split into a dichotomy of As and Bs; and A
had its own terminology, analogous to that of B.
However, As have a variety of drawbacks, including susceptibility to
cryptanalysis and the difficulty of managing a cumbersome A-book.
Because of this, As have fallen into disuse in modern cryptography, and
Bs are the dominant technique.

8. 3.Both terms refer to potential indicators of mental
disorder, but they differ substantially despite their
superficial similarity.
C1 is a state of muscular rigidity and inflexibility of
posture, as observed in schizophrenia with pronounced
catatonic features as well as in certain neurological
conditions, such Parkinson’s disease.
In contrast, C2 refers to a complete and sudden, but
temporary, loss of muscle tone. It is a core feature of
the sleep disorder of narcolepsy, in which it is
frequently triggered by potent emotions.

9. 4.
M is probably one of the most abused scientific terms out there. M is not a
random idea that scientists came up with on the spur of the moment; they
have been tested over and over and over and have shown to be true under the
rigors of scientific experiment. Even though a M can never be proven true, they
do have evidence that supports the original idea.
Scientific Ns are short, sweet, and always true. Many times, Ns are expressed
in a single expression. Ns are accepted as being universal and are the
cornerstones of science.
If a N were ever to be shown false, then any science built on that would also
be wrong; then the domino effect would have a new (and devastating)
meaning. Ns generally rely on concise mathematical equations.

10. 5. 2 Entities in statistics
E1 - High
E2- Low

11. 6.
R2 has also been confirmed many times, the classic experiments being the
perihelion precession of Mercury's orbit, the deflection of light by the Sun,
and the gravitational redshift of light. Other tests confirmed the equivalence
principle and frame dragging.
R1 has been confirmed in numerous tests, but three experiments were critical
to its validation. The Michelson–Morley experiment showed that the velocity
of light is isotropic, but it said nothing about how the magnitude of the velocity
changed (if at all) in different inertial frames. The Kennedy–Thorndike
experiment was designed to do that and the Ives–Stilwell experiment
designed to test the transverse Doppler effect – the redshift of light from a
moving source in a direction perpendicular to its velocity.

12. ANSWERS
TIME !

13. 1. put X and Y
X and Y are easily confused with each other since they
are both naturally occurring events and are used
interchangeably because of their similar characteristics.
X are the elevation and fall of huge amounts of _____.
The cause of such is the different interaction of
gravitational forces exerted between the moon, the Earth
and, to some degree, the sun. By contrast, Y are simply
the effects of powerful winds raging on _____ surfaces.

14. Y-waves
X-tides

15. 2.
A works at the superficial level of meaning — that is, words or phrases are
converted into something else and this chunking generally shortens the
message.
B, on the other hand, works at a lower level: the level of individual letters,
small groups of letters, or, in modern schemes, individual bits.
Historically, cryptography was split into a dichotomy of As and Bs; and A
had its own terminology, analogous to that of B.
However, As have a variety of drawbacks, including susceptibility to
cryptanalysis and the difficulty of managing a cumbersome A-book.
Because of this, As have fallen into disuse in modern cryptography, and
Bs are the dominant technique.

16. B-CipheRs
A-Codes

17. 3.Both terms refer to potential indicators of mental
disorder, but they differ substantially despite their
superficial similarity.
C1 is a state of muscular rigidity and inflexibility of
posture, as observed in schizophrenia with pronounced
catatonic features as well as in certain neurological
conditions, such Parkinson’s disease.
In contrast, C2 refers to a complete and sudden, but
temporary, loss of muscle tone. It is a core feature of
the sleep disorder of narcolepsy, in which it is
frequently triggered by potent emotions.

18. C2-CATAPLEXY
C1-CATALEPSY

19. 4.
M is probably one of the most abused scientific terms out there. M is not a
random idea that scientists came up with on the spur of the moment; they
have been tested over and over and over and have shown to be true under the
rigors of scientific experiment. Even though a M can never be proven true, they
do have evidence that supports the original idea.
Scientific Ns are short, sweet, and always true. Many times, Ns are expressed
in a single expression. Ns are accepted as being universal and are the
cornerstones of science.
If a N were ever to be shown false, then any science built on that would also
be wrong; then the domino effect would have a new (and devastating)
meaning. Ns generally rely on concise mathematical equations.

20. N-LAW
M-TheoRy

21. 5. 2 Entities in statistics
E1 - High
E2- Low

22. E2-Precision
E1-Accuracy

23. 6.
R2 has also been confirmed many times, the classic experiments being the
perihelion precession of Mercury's orbit, the deflection of light by the Sun,
and the gravitational redshift of light. Other tests confirmed the equivalence
principle and frame dragging.
R1 has been confirmed in numerous tests, but three experiments were critical
to its validation. The Michelson–Morley experiment showed that the velocity
of light is isotropic, but it said nothing about how the magnitude of the velocity
changed (if at all) in different inertial frames. The Kennedy–Thorndike
experiment was designed to do that and the Ives–Stilwell experiment
designed to test the transverse Doppler effect – the redshift of light from a
moving source in a direction perpendicular to its velocity.

24. R2 - general
relativity
R1-special
relativity

25. SET 1

26. 1. Put why
In the experiment to find the
Young’s Modulus of a material,
loads are applied to an object
and the deformation is measured.
Usually, the independent variable
is on the X-axis of a plot but in
Stress vs Strain graphs, Strain is
on the X-axis.

27. SAFETY

28. A load causes a Strain first
which then results in Stress.
Not the other way around.

29. 2. Put funda.
Early morning on November 18th, Cliff Johnson (Northwestern University) and
colleagues took this image using the Dark Energy Camera on the 4-meter Blanco
Telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory and noticed some very
obvious irregularities in it.
"These things are big enough that when they're sunlit, they're bright enough to
pick up with anything from binoculars and bigger,"
And astronomers are not impressed, and they've brought up some big issues with
________. Firstly, there are going to be a lot of these objects in orbit, which could
dramatically impact the way astronomers can see and listen to the sky.
"A full constellation of them will likely mean the end of Earth-based
microwave-radio telescopes able to scan the heavens for faint radio objects"

31. SAFETY

32. starlink

33. 3.
what?
The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection that
became the standard map projection for navigation because of
its unique property of representing any course of constant
bearing as a straight segment. Such a course, known as a rhumb
or, mathematically, a loxodrome, is preferred by navigators
because the ship can sail in a constant compass direction to
reach its destination, eliminating difficult and error-prone course
corrections.
Linear scale is constant on the Mercator in every direction around
any point, thus preserving the angles and the shapes of small
objects and fulfilling the conditions of a conformal map
projection. As a result of that, the Mercator projection effects the
map in a certain other major way that the Gall-Peters projection
manages to fix.

35. SAFETY

36. Size inflation/reduction
This inflation starts infinitesimally, but accelerates with
latitude to become infinite at the poles. So, for example,
landmasses such as Greenland and Antarctica appear far
larger than they actually are relative to landmasses near
the equator, such as Central Africa.

37. 4.
Shows how something was done in
1995. It revolutionised a field.
What is happening here?

38. SAFETY

39. Hubble deep field

40. 5.
It’s not a beautiful logo, it’s almost off-putting in its jarring letterforms but as
the visual foundation for the _____ ___’s multiple research groups at the
core of its academic structure, it’s perfect: a gateway into a world of twisted,
nerd-encoded acronyms that future generations will puzzle over as artifacts
of past civilizations.
The playful yet strict letter pairings on a 7 × 7 grid deliver some remarkably
interesting and entertaining combinations, that would be impossible to figure
out were it not for the small descriptor to their side. (In Helvetica, natch).
This visual language also sets the tone for a highly flexible range of
applications and future permutations of the identity that will look and feel
the same without having to be the same.

42. SAFETY

44. 6.
The exact origins of “____ ______” are a bit murky, but it did reach a wide
audience no later than in 2011 when it was drawn into Natural Earth, a public
domain map dataset developed by volunteer cartographers and GIS analysts. In
creating a one-square meter plot of land at <-> in the digital dataset, it was
intended to help analysts flag errors in a process known as “geocoding.”
Geocoding is a function performed in a GIS that involves taking data containing
addresses and converting them into geographic coordinates, which can then be
easily mapped.
Unfortunately, due to human typos, messy data, or even glitches in the geocoder
itself, the geocoding process doesn’t always run so smoothly. Misspelled street
names, non-existent building numbers, and other quirks can create invalid
addresses that can confuse a geocoder so that the output becomes <->. While this
output indicates that an error occurred, since <-> is in fact a location on the Earth’s
surface according to the coordinate system, the feature will be mapped there, as
nonsensical as the location may be. We end up with an landmass of misfit data.

45. SAFETY

47. 7.
This reaction is the result of an accumulation of acetaldehyde, a metabolic
byproduct of the catabolic metabolism of _______, and is caused by an
aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency.
It is best known as a condition that is experienced by people of East Asian
descent. According to the analysis by HapMap project, the rs671
(ALDH2*2) allele of the ALDH2 responsible for the reaction is rare among
Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. 30% to 50% of people of Chinese,
Japanese, and Korean ancestry have at least one ALDH2*2 allele.
Another analysis correlates the rise and spread of rice cultivation in
Southern China with the spread of the allele. The reasons for this positive
selection are not known, but it has been hypothesized that elevated
concentrations of acetaldehyde may have conferred protection against
certain parasitic infections, such as Entamoeba histolytica. Since the
mutation is a genetic issue, there is currently no cure for the flush reaction.

48. SAFETY

49. Asian flush

50. 8.
________ is a style of synthesized electronic music made using the
programmable sound generator (PSG) sound chips. The term is commonly used
to refer to tracker format music which intentionally sounds similar to older
PSG-created music. It has been described as "an interpretation of many genres"
since any existing song can be arranged in a ________ style defined more by
choice of instrument and timbre than specific style elements.
By the early 1980s, personal computers had become less expensive and more
accessible than they had been previously. This led to a proliferation of outdated
personal computers and game consoles that had been abandoned by consumers
as they upgraded to newer machines. They were in low demand by consumers
as a whole, and thus were not difficult to find, making them a highly accessible
and affordable method of creating sound or art. While it has been a mostly
underground genre, ________ has had periods of moderate popularity in the
1980s and 21st century, and has influenced the development of electronic
dance music. Due to limited number of voices in those primitive chips, one of the
main challenges is to produce rich polyphonic music with them.

51. SAFETY

52. Chiptune

53. w/ROUND

54. List it
5 sets
+3 FOR EACH RIGHT
+7 if YOU GET ALL RIGHT

55. 1. File Extensions
[4 minutes]
1. .csv
2. .avi
3. .apk
4. .pdf
5. .svg
6. .gif
7. .png
8. .mkv

56. SAFETY

57. 1. COMMA SEPARATED VALUES
2. AUDIO VIDEO INTERLEAVE
3. ANDROID APPLICATION PACKAGE
4. PORTABLE DOCUMENT FILE
5. SCALABLE VECTOR GRAPHICS
6. GRAPHIC INTERCHANGE FORMAT
7. PORTABLE NETWORK GRAPHICS
8. MATROSKA VIDEO FILE
1. .csv
2. .avi
3. .apk
4. .pdf
5. .svg
6. .gif
7. .png
8. .mkv

58. 2. MILLENIUM PRIZE PROBLEMS
[3 MINUTES]

59. SAFETY

61. 3. UNITS
[3 MINUTES]
1. Luminous Intensity
2. Illuminance
3. Luminous Flux
4. Solid Angle
1. Electrical Conductance
2. Atmospheric Ozone
3. Electric Dipole Moment
4. Magnetic Flux Density
NAMED AFTER PEOPLE

62. SAFETY

63. 1. Candela
2. LUx
3. Lumen
4. Steradian
1. Siemens
2. DOBSON UNIT
3. DEBYE
4. Tesla

64. 4. Screw drives
[6 minutes]

65. 1. It was most popularly used as a tamper-resistant system implemented by
Apple to secure the battery in the MacBook Pro.
2. Also called BNAE NFL22-070 after its Bureau de normalisation de
l'aéronautique et de l'espace standard number.
3. It was created by John P. Thompson, who, after failing to interest
manufacturers, sold his design to businessman Henry F. ________.
4. These are called-so because of the curved bottom of the recess that facilitates
driving them with a suitable ____. They are often used on items where the user is
not likely to have a screwdriver when needed.
5. This type of drive is commonly used in avionics, higher-end communications
equipment, astronomy equipment, and military equipment. Name is also a city
straddling the River Avon in the southwest of England.
6. It often referred to by the original proprietary brand name ____ or by the
alternative generic name star drive.

66. SAFETY

67. 1. Pentalobe
2. French Recess
3. Phillips [Head Screw]
4. Coin Slot
5. Bristol
6. Torx

68. 5. Engineer speak
[3 minutes]

70. SAFETY

72. SET 2

73. 9.
For years this was achieved with dustings of gypsum, banks of
bleached cornflakes, fields of pyrocel (which is similar to the
substance used for dental impressions) and flurries of asbestos.
However, these effects were all unable to achieve something
fundamental, which was finally done in the 1934 film ‘As the Earth
Turns’ - 1938 Seattle-shot silent film tells of an apocalyptic future
war on the climate crisis that devastates the planet. What effect
and what fundamental quality were they trying to replicate?

74. SAFETY

75. Artificial snow
‘Melting’ snow

76. 10.
This was a 34-year franchise, beginning in 1985, spawned 17 follow-up
games on various platforms, seven board games, seven book and comic
book series, and four television series, including an animated series by
Netflix.
X was the game's main antagonist, the leader of an international group of
thieves called the Villain's International League of Evil (V.I.L.E). X’s
henchmen would steal things like landmarks and famous works of art, and
the player, a member of the international police force Interpol and the
protagonist, would use a vast amount of information on landmarks, cities,
countries, and so on to solve clues that'd nudge them ever closer to X.

77. SAFETY

79. 11. Put funda
Susan Kare, also known as ‘The woman who
gave the X a <->’, says “It just so happened
that I had small black and white grids to work
with. The process reminded me of working
needlepoint, knitting patterns and mosaics.”
Many of these designs were also patented
through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

80. SAFETY

82. 12. Natural instance of what?
When scientists at Cambridge observed young planthoppers
taking off, they observed that the hind legs would always move
within 30 microseconds (millionths of a second) of each other,
which was too short a time for the neuronal system to be
involved.
The answer to this was in the fact that they have small bumps
on their trochanters — the first segment of the legs, which
connect to the hip-like coxa, and just before their jump, the
trochanters would squeeze together.

83. SAFETY

84. Gears

85. 13. Put funda/mathematician’s ctf
Keeping in mind recent mathematical breakthroughs, connect
[an Alexandrian Hellenistic mathematician, who was the
author of a series of books called Arithmetica - that described
in a more technical language an algebraic curve, an algebraic
surface, or a more general object in cartesian coordinates and
details about the lattice points on them] with the number 42.

86. SAFETY

87. Diophantine equations

88. 14. Put funda
A recent paper titled ‘<-> Structures as Sub-Kelvin Thermal
Insulators’ talks about how certain plastic materials, such
as Vespel, have reasonably low thermal conductivities, but
how large volumes can be costly.
“In this work, we show that a modular Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene (ABS) solid/void structure assembled
from commercially available <-> exhibit effective thermal
conductivity even lower than industry-standard bulk
materials, whilst offering good mechanical properties.’

89. SAFETY

91. 15. Put X
The Continuous X Recorder is an antique device that
uses rolls of silk and 18th-century clockmaker’s
technology to sample X. Each of these is a meter-long,
stainless-steel, torpedo-shaped container that houses
long strips of silk and can be towed behind any ship, and
as the crew deploys this device into the ocean, a
propeller begins to spin in the churning water, driving a
mechanism that unravels the rolls of silk. Water streams
through a tiny hole at the front of the torpedo, and the
silk traps the X. A second roll of silk then completes an
“X sandwich” that preserves the sample for analysis.

92. SAFETY

93. Plankton

94. 16. FITb with a 2 word alliterative term.
The cybersecurity firm Cloudflare covers about 10 percent of
international web traffic, including the websites for Uber, OKCupid and
Fitbit. A wall at the company’s San Francisco headquarters features
over 100 ____ _____, spanning a variety of colors, and its random
patterns deter hackers from accessing data. As the ____ _____
bubble and swirl, a video camera on the ceiling monitors their
unpredictable changes and connects the footage to a computer, which
- by using computer vision techniques - converts the randomness into
a virtually unhackable code.

95. SAFETY

96. Lava Lamps

97. w/patents
5x5

98. 1.Simply put purpose

99. 2.
The invention and rapid adoption of the automobile at
the turn of the 20th century presented an immediate
problem: where to park so many vehicles, especially in
dense urban areas.
Above-ground and subterranean parking garages
allowed multiple levels of vehicle parking, but resulted
in footprints with much empty space.
A way to solve this issue was put forward in this
patent. It never really took off but inspired other
innovations in a similar field.

101. 3. Put what it is
These patents floated
around the internet when
Elon Musk announced one
of his companies’ products.

102. 4.
It is generally regarded
as the first affordable
model, this product
opened travel to the
common middle-class
American; some of this
was because of ____’s
efficient fabrication

103. 5. Who
developed
this?

104. ANSWERS
TIME !

105. 1.Simply put purpose

107. 2.The invention and rapid adoption of the
automobile at the turn of the 20th
century presented an immediate
problem: where to park so many
vehicles, especially in dense urban
areas.
Above-ground and subterranean
parking garages allowed multiple levels
of vehicle parking, but resulted in
footprints with much empty space.
A way to solve this issue was put
forward in this patent. It never really
took off but inspired other innovations
in a similar field.

109. 3. Put what it is
These patents floated
around the internet when
Elon Musk announced one
of his companies’ products.

110. flamethrower

111. 4.
It is generally regarded
as the first affordable
model of its kind. This
product opened travel
to the common
middle-class
American; some of this
was because of ____’s
efficient fabrication
and assembly line.

112. Ford model T

114. 5. Who
developed
this?

115. Jacques
Cousteau

116. w/identify
5x5

117. 1.
X’s experiments played an invaluable role in the
history of chemistry and biology. However, his
research was abruptly paused in the wake of the
Reign of Terror in France. He was linked to the Old
Regime and was executed on the guillotine on the
afternoon of 8 May 1794 after a trial by the
Revolutionary Tribune, which only lasted a few hours.
Shortly afterwards, his friend, the mathematician
Joseph-Louis Lagrange, paid tribute to X by stating:
“It took them only an instant to cut off that head, and
a 100 years may not produce another like it”.

118. 2.
Translated from the original German by Goethe:
“Today I have been reading X again and am quite
unnerved by this extraordinary man. I have learned
an infinite amount from him, not just in botany.
Outside of Shakespeare and Spinoza, I know of no
one who has had such a wrenching effect on me.”
Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau sent him the
message: "Tell him I know no greater man on
earth."
Swedish author August Strindberg wrote:
"_________ was in reality a poet who happened to
become a naturalist." He is also considered as one
of the founders of modern ecology.

119. 3.
X was well known among his peers at Los Alamos
for his (often inappropriate) quips and pranks.
Freeman Dyson, of the Dyson Sphere fame, said in a
letter to his parents that ‘X is the young American
professor, half genius and half buffoon, who keeps
all physicists and their children amused with his
effervescent vitality.’ Later, Dyson amended his
statement by saying ‘A truer description would have
said that X was all genius and all buffoon.’
Freeman Dyson

120. 4.
Guillaume de ________ published the statement and proof of <-> in
his 1696 book Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l'Intelligence des
Lignes Courbes (literal translation: Analysis of the Infinitely Small for
the Understanding of Curved Lines), the first textbook on differential
calculus which mainly consisted of the work of Bernoulli.
Bernoulli complained that he had not received enough credit for his
contributions, in spite of the preface of his book:
I recognize I owe much to the insights of the Messrs. Bernoulli,
especially to those of the young (John), currently a professor
in Groningen. I did unceremoniously use their discoveries, as
well as those of Mr. Leibniz. For this reason I consent that they
claim as much credit as they please, and will content myself
with what they will agree to leave me.

121. 5.
‘Trained in a less severe school than that of geometry and
physics, his reasonings are almost always loose and
inconclusive. His generalizations seem to have been
reached before he had obtained the materials upon which
he rests them: His facts, though frequently new and
interesting, are often little more than conjectures; and the
grand phenomena of the world of life, and instinct, and
reason, which other minds have woven into noble and
elevating truths, have thus become in Mr. X’s hands the
basis of a dangerous and degrading speculation,’ is the
opinion of one Sir David Brewster, written in 1862.
Young X

122. ANSWERS
TIME !

123. 1.
X’s experiments played an invaluable role in the
history of chemistry and biology. However, his
research was abruptly paused in the wake of the
Reign of Terror in France. He was linked to the Old
Regime and was executed on the guillotine on the
afternoon of 8 May 1794 after a trial by the
Revolutionary Tribune, which only lasted a few hours.
Shortly afterwards, his friend, the mathematician
Joseph-Louis Lagrange, paid tribute to X by stating:
“It took them only an instant to cut off that head, and
a 100 years may not produce another like it”.

124. Lavoisier

125. 2.
Translated from the original German by Goethe:
“Today I have been reading X again and am quite
unnerved by this extraordinary man. I have learned
an infinite amount from him, not just in botany.
Outside of Shakespeare and Spinoza, I know of no
one who has had such a wrenching effect on me.”
Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau sent him the
message: "Tell him I know no greater man on
earth."
Swedish author August Strindberg wrote:
"_________ was in reality a poet who happened to
become a naturalist." He is also considered as one
of the founders of modern ecology.

126. Linnaeus

127. 3.
X was well known among his peers at Los Alamos
for his (often inappropriate) quips and pranks.
Freeman Dyson, of the Dyson Sphere fame, said in a
letter to his parents that ‘X is the young American
professor, half genius and half buffoon, who keeps
all physicists and their children amused with his
effervescent vitality.’ Later, Dyson amended his
statement by saying ‘A truer description would have
said that X was all genius and all buffoon.’
Freeman Dyson

128. Feynman

129. 4.
Guillaume de ________ published the statement and proof of <-> in
his 1696 book Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l'Intelligence des
Lignes Courbes (literal translation: Analysis of the Infinitely Small for
the Understanding of Curved Lines), the first textbook on differential
calculus which mainly consisted of the work of Bernoulli.
Bernoulli complained that he had not received enough credit for his
contributions, in spite of the preface of his book:
I recognize I owe much to the insights of the Messrs. Bernoulli,
especially to those of the young (John), currently a professor
in Groningen. I did unceremoniously use their discoveries, as
well as those of Mr. Leibniz. For this reason I consent that they
claim as much credit as they please, and will content myself
with what they will agree to leave me.

130. l’hospital

131. 5.
‘Trained in a less severe school than that of geometry and
physics, his reasonings are almost always loose and
inconclusive. His generalizations seem to have been
reached before he had obtained the materials upon which
he rests them: His facts, though frequently new and
interesting, are often little more than conjectures; and the
grand phenomena of the world of life, and instinct, and
reason, which other minds have woven into noble and
elevating truths, have thus become in Mr. X’s hands the
basis of a dangerous and degrading speculation,’ is the
opinion of one Sir David Brewster, written in 1862.
Young X

132. Darwin

133. SET 3

134. 17. Put funda
“It's an
acknowledgment, half
comic, half tragic, of
the ambiguity that has
always haunted
computer
programming.”

135. SAFETY

136. It’s not a bug,
it’s a feature

137. 18. ____ /____ ?
It has been argued that an interstellar mission that cannot be completed within
50* years should not be started at all. Instead, assuming that a civilization is still
on an increasing curve of propulsion system velocity and not yet having reached
the limit, the resources should be invested in designing a better propulsion
system.
This dilemma of whether to ____ /____ has been studied in an unpublished report
entitled "____ Versus ____ : The Lazy Mathematician Wins".
While as an undergraduate mathematics major at Harvard, Scott D. Kominers first
began fixating on the problem while walking from MIT to Harvard, which are more
than 1.6 KM apart along MBTA bus route 1.

138. SAFETY

139. wAIT/wALK dilemma

140. 19.
December 23, 1947 capped off what would become known as the “Miracle
Month” - a period that started on November 17 of the same year and that would
bring about the development of the __________.
That November Bell Labs had been performing experiments on what had been
described as a “silicon contraption built to help study how electrons acted on the
surface of a semiconductor.”
After a series of various tests, one of which involved dunking the contraption in a
thermos of water, they observed that when two gold point contacts were applied
to a crystal of germanium, a signal was produced with the output power greater
than the input.
Although history is riddled with disputes as to who should genuinely receive
credit and the trio would continue to debate the issue, within a few weeks,
_______, Brattain, and Shockley would together be credited with creating the
first __________.

141. SAFETY

142. Bipolar point-contact
TRANSISTOR
The Miracle Month and transistor would soon change
electronics forever and bring about small, low-power
electronic devices and, eventually, low-cost ICs.

143. 20. Put funda
<-> is a common feature seen on passenger planes. It minimises both the heating
and potential damage from solar radiation not only when the airplane is in flight,
but also when it’s parked on the runway.
For obvious safety reasons, commercial aircraft are regularly checked for forms of
surface damage such as cracks and dents. <-> also helps as these dents, oil spills
and other faults are easily identified and repaired swiftly.
<-> can enhance aircraft visibility and potentially increase its detection and
avoidance by birds. Airlines often end up selling their aircraft to other carriers.
They will find it harder to do so if variants without <-> are manufactured.

144. SAFETY

145. why fuselages are white

146. 21.
The <_> click is a composite of a few sounds carefully put together by the
Human Factors division of this company. Their work is considered to be one
of the main factors behind this [2017] product’s astounding sales.
-a relatively “dry” finger snapping sample that is recognizably musical and
satisfying and gives the sound its crispness and shape. It is mixed very
bright, meaning the high end of the frequency spectrum is accentuated and
the mid to low end is cut out or attenuated.
-a very “wet” wooden percussion sample. This is a blend of a couple sounds
but mostly is a wood block, which has a distinct percussive sound that is
bright yet very soft, it’s common in Latin and Asian music as well as
orchestral music.
This appears to be mixed warmer sounds, with the mid range boosted and
the high end and low end less prominent, and it has reverb on it that gives it
a long, breathy sound, like it’s being played in a big hallway or church.

147. SAFETY

149. 22.
“The largest movable structure on earth. It was really quite a remarkable feat, but
after 25 years, it's in danger of collapse," civil and environmental engineer Eric
Schmieman of Battelle Memorial Institute explains in an interview in Kiev.
The ____________ was made of more than 7,000 metric tons of metal and 400,000
cubic meters of concrete. It was erected as quickly as possible to limit worker
exposure to harmful substances, and was never meant to last forever. In many ways
it was designed "like a house of cards," Schmieman says, with pieces of metal
essentially leaning against each other and hooked together. "There are no welded
joints or bolted joints—it wouldn't take much of a seismic event to knock it down."
At the same time, when it was completed, "there were over 1,000 square meters of
openings in the roof where joints didn't match up," Schmieman says. These holes
allowed water in, resulting in corrosion that is hastening the structure's decline.
Since then, workers have patched many of these holes, but 100 square meters of
gaps remain. To help keep harmful matter from leaking , a dust- suppression system
inside relies on sprinklers that periodically spray a watery solution to prevent it from
becoming airborne.

150. SAFETY

152. 23.
Martin "Marty" Cooper is an American engineer and a pioneer in the wireless
communications industry. While at Z1 in the 1970s, Cooper and his team
invented the first handheld cellular mobile phone in 1973. He is considered the
"father of the (handheld) cell phone" and is also cited as the first person in
history to make a handheld cellular phone call in public.
When Martin Cooper made that first cell phone call, he did not make it to
another cell phone because obviously people didn't have them yet.
He made the cell phone call to a land line - specifically, to the land line of his
chief competitor at Z2. Z1 had beaten Z2 to become the first company to
make personal cell phones work. Cooper, you might say, rubbed it in. He later
said “think how the Z2 research engineers must have felt when they heard me
calling them from the noisy streets of Manhattan.”

153. SAFETY

154. Z2-bell labs
Z1-Motorola

155. 24.
Windows XP used to redraw only objects on the display it needed to.
So unlike most video games, the entire screen was NOT refreshed
every frame or after every action is performed. This meant portions
were only redrawn when necessary, like when a window hides part
of another application or when displaying video. Each window was
responsible for drawing itself.
Windows Vista changed how drawing works from Windows XP, so
now <-> doesn't happen anymore because Windows is constantly
refreshing the last known image.
From a practical perspective, Windows XP did what it did the way it
did for performance reasons. Windows Vista completely changed the
underlying method of how it draws the screen.

156. SAFETY

158. end of quiz!