specifications of ceramics

1. Ceramics

2. Glasses Clay
products
Refractories Abrasives Cements Advanced
ceramics
-optical
-composite
reinforce
-containers/
household
-whiteware
-structural
-bricks for
high T
(furnaces)
-sandpaper
-cutting
-polishing
-composites
-structural
-engine
rotors
valves
bearings
-sensors
Ceramic Materials
CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMICS

3. 3
PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS
 Extreme hardness
– High wear resistance
– Extreme hardness can reduce wear caused by friction
 Corrosion resistance
 Heat resistance
– Low electrical conductivity
– Low thermal conductivity
– Low thermal expansion
– Poor thermal shock resistance
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4. 4
PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS
 Low ductility
– Very brittle
– High elastic modulus
 Low toughness
– Low fracture toughness
– Indicates the ability of a crack or flaw to produce a catastrophic failure
 Low density
– Porosity affects properties
 High strength at elevated temperatures
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5. Whitewares
Crockery
Floor and wall tiles
Sanitary-ware
Electrical porcelain
Decorative ceramics

6. Refractories
Firebricks for furnaces and ovens. Have high Silicon
or Aluminium oxide content.
Brick products are used in the manufacturing plant
for iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, glass,
cements, ceramics, energy conversion, petroleum,
and chemical industries.

7. Glasses
 Flat glass (windows)
 Container glass (bottles)
 Pressed and blown glass
(dinnerware)
 Glass fibres (home
insulation)
 Advanced/specialty glass
(optical fibres)

8. Cements
 Used to produce concrete roads, bridges, buildings, dams.

9. Industrial manufacture process10

10. Properties of Ceramic Materials

11. 13
Drying and Firing
• Drying: as water is removed - interparticle spacings decrease
– shrinkage .
Adapted from Fig.
13.13, Callister &
Rethwisch 8e. (Fig.
13.13 is from W.D.
Kingery, Introduction
to Ceramics, John
Wiley and Sons,
Inc., 1960.)
Drying too fast causes sample to warp or crack due to non-uniform shrinkage
wet body partially dry completely dry
• Firing:
-- heat treatment between
900-1400ºC
-- vitrification: liquid glass forms
from clay and flux – flows
between SiO2 particles. (Flux
lowers melting temperature). Adapted from Fig. 13.14, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
(Fig. 13.14 is courtesy H.G. Brinkies, Swinburne
University of Technology, Hawthorn Campus,
Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.)
Si02 particle
(quartz)
glass formed
around
the particle
micrographofporcelain
70mm

12. 1525.8.2016

13. Pressed Glass Processing
Softened
Gob

14. Ceramic tiles

15. WALL TILES
FLOOR TILES
VITRIFIED TILES
INDUSTRIAL TILES

16. Why use ceramics over marbels
 Easy availability and maintenance of ceramic tiles is pushing global market by a
large extent
 Changing life style and increased disposable income :P
 Innovation in production technology
 Indian imported tiles till 2011
 Large number of employment
 Cheap and light material

17. How to test for quality
 Appearance : colour, glaze and thickness
 Uniform size
 Smooth size
 Presence of cracks
 Slip resistance
 Under surface
 Technical Details :
 Check for warping

18. Marble
Raw Material
Rs 50 to 300
Marble is a type of rock composed
of recrystallized material most
commonly limestone. The white
marble comes from the most pure
form of limestone. Colors and
veins in the marble arise when
other materials are present in the
earth crust along with limestone.
Marble gives soft look and
provides elegance to the modern
era structures
Granite
Raw Material
Rs 100 to 500
Granite is a hard and tough stone that
comes from ingenious rocks and is more
dense and have more compressive strength
when compared to marble stones.
Tiles
Raw Material
Rs 30 to 200
The word tile flooring is used for many type of
floorings and here we will discuss ceramic tiles.
These tiles are made from porcelain, fired clay or
ceramic with a glazed surface. These are available
in both shining surface and rough surfaces which
also makes them suitable for areas that tend to
become slippery.

19. THE
END
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