International conventions and national regulation

TOPIC
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND
NATIONAL REGULATION
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com

Scope of presentation
1.Introduction
2.International Plant Protection
Convention (IPPC)
3.WTO agreements
4.Market Access and Maintenance
5. International trade
6.National regulations
7.Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
International Plant Protection Convention, IPPC
 Administered by United Nations FAO Established
1952
 Concern about international regulation of plant pests
began with potato late blight 1845-1860, grape
Phylloxera introduction to Europe from North
America,1881
 IPPC established 1952
 Currently 177 member nations
 Phytosanitary Agreement (1989) authorizes the IPPC
to provide international standards for phytosanitary
measures implemented by governments to protect
their plant resources from harmful pests, while
ensuring that these measures are justified and are
not used as unjustified barriers to international trade.

Cont…
 Phytosanitary Agreement (1989) authorizes
the IPPC to provide international standards for
phytosanitary measures implemented by
governments to protect their plant resources
from harmful pests, while ensuring that these
measures are justified and are not used as
unjustified barriers to international trade
 IPPC functions through national plant
protection organizations, NPPOs Enforcement
is by each member country according to its
specific statute

Who Regulates Movement of
Plants and Plant Pests?
International IPPC: International Plant Protection
Convention
Regional IPPC Regional Organizations
 NAPPO: North American Plant Protection Organization
 EPPO: European Plant Protection Organization
 SAPPO: South American Plant Protection Organization
Federal
USDA APHIS-PPQ
National Plant Board
State
 State Departments of Agriculture
 State and Regional Plant Boards

International Plant Protection
Convention (IPPC)
Purpose:
◦ effective action to prevent the spread and
introduction of pests of plants and plant products,
and
◦ to promote appropriate measures for their control
Scope:
◦ Covers international cooperation in controlling the introduction
of pests associated plants and plants products
◦ Extends to items capable of harboring or spread pests, such as:
 Storage places, Conveyors / vehicles and containers

IPPC: National regulatory
services
Membership obligations to WTO SPS AGREEMENT and specifically the
IPPC (NRT 97): Members should provide for a NPPO (National Plant
Protection Organisation)
◦ Conduct pest risk analysis (PRA)
◦ Phytosanitary inspection
◦ Issue phytosanitary certificates
◦ Disinfestation and/ or disinfection of consignments
◦ Phytosanitary security of consignments after inspection
◦ Surveillance (cultivated and wild)
◦ Report pest occurrence, outbreak and spread
◦ Control pests
◦ Protect endangered areas
◦ Designate, maintain and survey PFA’a and ALPP’s
◦ Training and development of staff
◦ National Plant Protection contact point

Market Access and maintenance
Regulating exports:
Phytosanitary inspections and controls
to verify compliance
Phytosanitary certification to confirm
compliance (phytosanitary certificate)

Responsibilities of WTO Member
Countries
 Participate in International Standards
Setting
Be Proactive not Reactive to TBT
Notifications
Project Regional Concerns

Objectives of WTO
To ensure
 Free, more transparent and more
predictable trade
 Confidence in International Trade
amongst the WTO member countries

WTO Agreements
 Rules for international trade being written
through various WTO Agreements
 Rules pertaining to Standards, Regulations
and Conformity Assessment for Trade in
Goods are laid down in
Agreement on Sanitary and Phyto
Sanitary Measures (SPS)
Agreement on Technical Barriers to
Trade (TBT)

TBT AGREEMENT
 Applies to all products including industrial and
agricultural products
 Voluntary standards & Technical regulations (mandatory
stds)-notification to all members
 Code of good practice for standards development
 Product requirements in terms of performance rather
than design or descriptive characteristics
 Technical regulations of local governments below
central govt to be similarly notified

SPS AGREEMENT
 Allows members to set standards for safety
of human, animal & plant health-scientific
basis, apply to extent necessary
 Harmonization with Codex Alimentarius
Commission-higher stds based on risk
assessment-risk of spread of pest/disease,
 Equivalence-allows use of different stds &
different inspection methods for same level of
protection

International Standards
Set of Principles
Transparency
Openness
Impartiality & Consensus
Effective & Relevance
Coherence
Development Dimension

Functioning of Enquiry Points
 Enquiry Points must respond to reasonable
enquiries and provide relevant documents regarding:
 Technical regulations, standards and conformity
assessment procedures
 Membership and participation in international and
regional standardizing bodies and conformity
assessment systems / bilateral and multilateral
arrangements
 Location of notices published
 Location of other Enquiry Points

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
• National Standards Body of India
• Established 1947 – Indian Standards
Institution (ISI) – registered as society -
Statutory status since 1987 after enactment
of BIS Act 1986
• Engaged in standards formulation,
certification, testing and related activities
including standards promotion & consumer
education

INDIA FOREIGN TRADE –
QUALITY REGULATION
FOR IMPORTS:
 Directorate General of Foreign Trade
 Relevant Regulatory Agency
 BIS for 109 Products
FOR EXPORTS:
 Export Inspection Council for about 1000
notified products (Food, footwear,
chemicals, engineering, leather, jute etc)

Mandatory BIS Certification
109 Products
 Food Colours & Food Additives
 Cement
 Gas Cylinders
 Electrical Appliances
 Infant Milk Products
 Pressure Stoves
 Steel Tubes
 Miners’ Safety Equipment
 Packaged Drinking Water and Natural Mineral Water
 Thermometers

India –
Regulatory Agencies
IMPORTANT AGENCIES INVOLVED IN QUALITY REGULATION
– Directorate General of Health Services
– Ministry of Food Processing Industry
– Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion (BIS)
– Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (AGMARK)
– Department of Agriculture & CooperationPlant Quarantine
– Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying
– Department of Legal Metrology
– Weights & Measures Act
– Bureau of Energy Efficiency
– (Energy Conservation Act)
– Chief Controller of Explosives (Indian Explosives Act)
– Directorate General of Mines Safety
– (Coal Mines Regulations)
– Ministry for Road Transport
– Central Pollution Control Board

Some Acts/Regulations/Control orders
India
 Prevention of Food Adulteration Act 1954
 Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import into India) Order, 2003
 Meat Food Product Order 1973
 Milk And Milk Product Order 1992
 Bureau Of Indian Standards Act, 1986
 Standards On Weight And Measurement Act 1976
 Livestock Importation Act 1898
 AGMARK Act 1937
 The Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles and Infant Foods Act
 Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1963
 Essential Commodities Act
 Indian Explosives Act
 Energy Conservation Act, 2001

INDIA
Notification Authority & Enquiry Points
Department of Commerce, Ministry of
Commerce- Notification Authority for
India.
Bureau of Indian Standards -
Designated TBT Enquiry Point by
Ministry of Commerce
Ministry Of Health & Ministry of
Agriculture- SPS Enquiry Points

CONCLUSION
INDIA has a great potential
to access new International markets
 Effective communication
 Reliable scientific information of commodity
pests & diseases
 Plant health legislation standards

International conventions and national regulation

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