The document discusses when to use an independent samples t-test versus a one-way ANOVA. It states that an independent samples t-test should be used when the explanatory variable has two levels, such as comparing customer satisfaction for those who did and did not take advantage of promotions. A one-way ANOVA should be used when the explanatory variable has three or more levels, such as comparing customer retention rates for those who purchased product A, B, C, or D.