DNA Technology , Recombinant, Cloning , stem cell , PCR , DNA fingerprint

1. DNA Technology

2. Outline for DNA technology
1. Recombinant DNA technology and Genetically modified
organisms (GMOs)
2. Cloning technology
3. Stem cell technology
4. PCR and its application in Pathogen detection
5. DNA Fingerprint technology

3. Recombinant DNA technology
Recombinant DNA, or rDNA, is the term used to describe the
combination of two DNA strands that are constructed artificially.
Genetic scientists can do this to create unique DNA strand for
different purposes, using several types of techniques.

4. Drug/Enzyme
Pest resistant plant
Recombinant DNA technology

5. A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism that has
undergone a recombinant DNA procedure. Recombinant DNA
technology involves the transfer of genetic material from one
organism to another plant or animal. GMOs are also called
transgenic organisms because genes have been transferred
Genetically modified organism (GMO)

6. Example of Genetically modified organism (GMOs)

7. Cloning

8. Cloning
A clone is a genetically identical copy of an organism, and it may be
naturally occurring or created in the lab. Through the process of
asexual reproduction, organisms such as bacteria (and some plants)
create offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

9. Cloning Process

10. The first animal to be
successfully cloned was a
sheep named Dolly, who was
born in 1996.

11. Stem Cell

12. Stem cells are cells with the potential to develop into many
different types of cells in the body. They serve as a repair
system for the body. There are two main types of stem cells:
embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
What are Stem Cells ?

13. Stem cells are different from other cells in the body in three ways:
1. They can divide and renew themselves over a long time
2. They are unspecialized, so they cannot do specific functions in the
body
3. They have the potential to become specialized cells, such as muscle
cells, blood cells, and brain cells

14. Pluripotent stem cell
Pluripotent stem cells are the descendants of
totipotent cells and can differentiate into
nearly all cells, i.e. cells derived from any of
the three germ layers.

15. Unipotent stem cell
As a pluripotent cell type, a human
embryonic stem cell is capable of forming
all adult cell types.

16. Totipotent stem cell
can differentiate into embryonic and extraembryonic
cell types. Such cells can construct a complete, viable
organism. These cells are produced from the fusion of
an egg and sperm cell. Cells produced by the first few
divisions of the fertilized egg are also totipotent.

17. Multipotent stem cells
can differentiate into a number of cell types, but only
those of a closely related family of cells.

20. How ?
Stem
cells
therapeutic

21. PCR
(Polymerase Chain Reaction)

22. PCR is a technique used in the lab to make
millions of copies of a particular section of DNA.
It was first developed in the 1980s.
What is PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?

24. Polymerase
Chain
Reaction
Process

25. PCR and its
application in
Pathogen
detection

26. Detection of Pathogens
A sample that
may contain
pathogenic DNA
PCR
Yes Pathogen
No Pathogen

27. DNA Fingerprint technology

28. DNA fingerprinting is a laboratory technique used to establish a link
between biological evidence and a suspect in a criminal investigation.
A DNA sample taken from a crime scene is compared with a DNA
sample from a suspect. If the two DNA profiles are a match, then the
evidence came from that suspect.
What is DNA fingerprint?

29. Typically, for human testing, testers ask the subject for a DNA sample
which can be supplied as a blood sample or as a swab of tissue from the
inside of the mouth.
A blood sample is usually preferred. Once the sample is obtained and
tested, it can be used as a tool for treatment development or compared
to that of another person to:
How Is DNA Fingerprinting Done?

30. A blood sample is usually preferred. Once the sample is obtained and
tested, it can be used as a tool for treatment development or compared
to that of another person to:
1.Establish a blood relationship between two people
2.Determine whether two people are a good genetic match for medical reasons
3.Determine whether a particular individual's DNA matches DNA at a crime scene
4.Identify a body

31. DNA
Fingerprint
Process

32. Thank you