Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of erythrina variegata

1. _________________________________
* Corresponding author:
N.BASKAR,
Asst.Professor,
ThanthaiRoever college of Pharmacy,
Perambalur – 621212.
Tamilnadu.
E.Mail:baskar_333@yahoo.com.
Available Online at: www.ijrpp.com
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
EXTRACT OF ERYTHRINA
BALSAMINA ON CHROMIUM
ALBINO RATS
*1
N.Baskar, 2
B.Parimala Devi,
1
Thanthai Roever college of Pharmacy, Perambalur, Tamilnadu
2
PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu
3
Vinayaka missions College of pharmacy,
__________________________________________
ABSTRACT
The present study reports the antioxidant activity of root bark of Erythrinavariegata
impatiens balsamina ,(Balsaminacea) , on chromium induced oxidative stress in male albino rats. O
was induced in the rats by force-feeding of potassium dichromate equivalent to a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight
(BW) of chromium (IV) for 30 days. Administration of chromium decreased the body weight ratio significantly.
Chromium treatment significantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA)
levels; further it also reduced catalase (CAT),
transferase(ALT), did not affect SOD levels
protection against the chromium induced oxidative stress. The results show that the extracts at a concentration of
200 mg/kg BW protected the chromium induced oxidative stress.
Keywords: Ethanol extract of Erythrinavariega,Ethanol
stress, antioxidants, erythrina, impatiens.
_____________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION
Cellular exposure to exogenously or endogenously
generated oxidants causes macromolecular damage,
including protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and
nucleic acid instability, and mutation (1). Chromium
is a naturally occurring heavy metal found
commonly in the environment in the trivalent Cr (III)
and hexavalent Cr (VI) forms. Cr (VI) compounds
have been declared as potent occupational
carcinogens among workers in chrome plating,
Stainless steel, and pigment industrie
reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) results in the formation
of reactive intermediates together with the oxidative
tissue damage and a cascade of cellular events,
_________________________________
Available Online at: www.ijrpp.com Print ISSN: 2278 - 2648
Online ISSN: 2278 - 2656
(Research article)
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL
ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA AND IMPATIENS
ON CHROMIUM (VI) INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN
3
B.Jayakar.
Thanthai Roever college of Pharmacy, Perambalur, Tamilnadu
Tamilnadu
inayaka missions College of pharmacy, Salem,Tamilnadu.
_________________________________________________________________
The present study reports the antioxidant activity of root bark of Erythrinavariegata (Fabaceae) and whole plant of
,(Balsaminacea) , on chromium induced oxidative stress in male albino rats. O
feeding of potassium dichromate equivalent to a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight
(BW) of chromium (IV) for 30 days. Administration of chromium decreased the body weight ratio significantly.
gnificantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA)
catalase (CAT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), and
did not affect SOD levels in the serum. The two plants ethanolic extracts were evaluated for the
protection against the chromium induced oxidative stress. The results show that the extracts at a concentration of
200 mg/kg BW protected the chromium induced oxidative stress.
Ethanol extract of Erythrinavariega,Ethanol extract of impatiens balsamina, chromium,oxidative
stress, antioxidants, erythrina, impatiens.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Cellular exposure to exogenously or endogenously
generated oxidants causes macromolecular damage,
including protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and
nucleic acid instability, and mutation (1). Chromium
occurring heavy metal found
commonly in the environment in the trivalent Cr (III)
and hexavalent Cr (VI) forms. Cr (VI) compounds
have been declared as potent occupational
carcinogens among workers in chrome plating,
steel, and pigment industries. The
reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) results in the formation
of reactive intermediates together with the oxidative
tissue damage and a cascade of cellular events,
including modulation of apoptosis regulatory gene
p53, and contribute to the cytotoxic
and carcinogenicity of Cr (VI)- containing compounds
(2).
The genus Erythrina (Fabaceae) is distributed in the
tropical and subtropical regions of the world and
encompasses over 100 species. The antibacterial and
anti-inflammatory properties of Erythrinavariegata
Linn are utilized in Chinese herbal medicine for the
treatment of pyrexia, scabies and septicaemia.
Erythrinavariegata is a tall ornamental tree
distributed throughout upper Gangatic plants of
International Journal of
Research in Pharmacology and
Pharmacotherapeutics
30
(Research article)
OF ETHANOL
VE STRESS IN
_______________________________
and whole plant of
,(Balsaminacea) , on chromium induced oxidative stress in male albino rats. Oxidative stress
feeding of potassium dichromate equivalent to a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight
(BW) of chromium (IV) for 30 days. Administration of chromium decreased the body weight ratio significantly.
gnificantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA)
alanine amino
were evaluated for the
protection against the chromium induced oxidative stress. The results show that the extracts at a concentration of
chromium,oxidative
________________________
including modulation of apoptosis regulatory gene
p53, and contribute to the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity,
containing compounds
) is distributed in the
tropical and subtropical regions of the world and
encompasses over 100 species. The antibacterial and
Erythrinavariegata
are utilized in Chinese herbal medicine for the
ies and septicaemia.
is a tall ornamental tree
distributed throughout upper Gangatic plants of
International Journal of
Research in Pharmacology and
Pharmacotherapeutics

2. 31
N.Baskar et al / Int. Jour. of Res. in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-1 [1] 2012 [30-33]
www.ijrpp.com
India and Nepal. The bark of the plant is astringent,
febrifuge, anti-bilious and anthelmintic. It is also
useful in opthalmia and skin diseases. The leaves are
used in fever, inflammation and joint pain. The juice
of the leaves is used to relieve earache and toothache
(3). The roots are used to treat bronchitis, febrifuge,
insecticide, cancer, convulsions and used to treat
pimples. It has the reputation to stimulate lactation
and menstruation and is used as laxative, diuretic
and expectorant. Although many compounds have
been reported from the genus, Erythrina, previous
phytochemical investigations with E.
variegatarevealed the occurrences of orientanol B,
erycristagallin, cristacarpin, sigmoidin K, 2-(γ,γ-
dimethylallyl)- 6a-hydroxyphaseollidin, erystagallin
A ( eryvarins A and B, bidwillon B, eryvarins F and G
alpinumisoflavone, isococculinine,
decarbomethoxyerymelanthine, erysodienone,
erythritol, erysodine, erysovine, stachydrine, sterols,
fixed oils and fatty acids .
The genus Impatiens Balsamina (Balsaminacea) is
distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical part of
India. The Annual herb of Impatiens Balsamina is
used to emetic, cathartic, diuretic, in hawaii island is
used for ulcers extract as anticancer and flower is
used as cooling, tonic, antiseptic (4). Although many
componds have been reported from the genus, I.b,
previous phytochemical investigation with, I .b
revealed the occurrencess of saponins. Apigenin,
flavonoids, napthaquinone, glycosides, kaempferl 3 –
rhamrosyltiglycoside, kumarin.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant material and Extraction
The plant of Impatiens Balsaminaand
erythrinavariegata were collected from the
surrounding areas of trichy and kolli hills in the
month of July 2010. The plant was authenticated by
Dr. G.V.S. Murthy, Joint Director, Botanical Survey of
India, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. A voucher
specimen is preserved in our laboratory for future
reference (Voucher No.bsi/sc/5/23/10-11). The plant
material was shade dried, pulverized and extracted
(500 g) with 80% ethanol at room temperature for 72
h. the extract was filtered and concentrated to
dryness under reduced pressure and controlled
temperature (40C to 50C) in a rotary evaporator.
The extract was dark yellowish brown solid weighing
yield 6.2 and 10.4 % and was preserved in a vacuum
desiccator until further use.
Animals
Male albino wistar rats each weighing 180-220 were
obtained from VMCP, SALEM, India. Rodent
laboratory chow was access and water ad libitum,
and rats were maintained on a 12 hour light/dark
cycle at a temperature regulated room (20-25o
C)
during the experimental procedures. The animals
were cared for according to the guiding principles in
the care and use of animals. The experiments were
approved by the institutional animal ethics
committee. (Proposal NO P.col/62/2011/IAEC/VMCP)
Oxidative Stress
Rates were divided randomly into five groups of six
animals each and treated for four weeks, i.e. 28 days
as followsGroup I Served as a normal control group
received normal saline in a dose of 10ml/kg. Group
II Served as Toxic Control group and was
administered potassium dichromate 30mg/kg orally.
(5) GroupIII Served as a standard group and was
administer VITAMIN-C In a dose of 0.5 mg/kg b.w .
GroupIV Served as a treatment control group and
was administered ethanolic extract ofimpatiens
balsamina (EEIB) in a dose of 200mg/kg orally. Group
V Served as a treatment control group and was
administered ethanolic extract of
Erythrinavariegata(EEEV) in a dose of 200mg/kg
through orally. Group IV to V was given the two
extracts 1 hr prior to the administration of the
chromium.
Biochemical Analysis
On the 29th
day, all animals were killed by
decapitation. Blood was collected, and serum was
separated for estimation of alanine aminotransferase
(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). (6) The
liver was rapidly excised rinsed in ice-cold saline and
a 10% W/V homogenate was prepared by using
(0.15MKCl) potassium chloride. Then centrifuged at
800 rpm for 10 minutes at 4o
C. The supernatant
obtained was used for the estimation of catalase (7),
and lipid per oxidation (8). Further the homogenate
was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 20 minutes at 4o
C
and the supernatant was used for estimation of SOD
and glutathione. (9, 10)
RESULTS
EFFECT OF EEIB AND EEEV ON BODY WEIGHT,
FOOD AND WATER CONSUMPTION
The effect of EEIB and EEEV on body weight changes
during the chromium induced oxidative stress.
Chromium feeding resulted in the significant decrease
in the body weight with the duration of treatment.
However, in animals fed with two extracts of EEIB and
EEEV and chromium. There was no significant change
as compared to the control group. Administration of
chromium did not cause any significant change in the
food and water intake.
EFFECT OF EEIB AND EEEV ON SOD AND
CATALASE LEVELS
Administration of chromium caused a significant
decrease (p<0.01) in the liver tissue catalase levels
but did not affect SOD levels. The EEIB and EEEV in a
dose of 200mg/kg body weight was able to restore
the catalase levels to that of control values.

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EFFECT OF EEIB AND EEEV ON REDUCED GSH
and MDA (Lipid peroxidation)
Liver tissue GSH levels were significantly decreased
following the chromium treatment, where as a
significant increase in plasma MDA level was
observed. Administration of EEIB and EEEV
at200mg/kg body weight, doses reverted the GSH
and MDA levels to that of control values.
EFFECT OF EEIB AND EEEV ON AST AND ALT
LEVELS
AST and ALT levels were increased (p<0.01) in all the
animals treated with chromium. Administration of
200mg/kg body weight doses of EEIB and EEEV
significantly inhibited the chromium induced
increase in enzyme levels and restored to that of
control values.
DISCUSSION
One of the most important early events in cell
degeneration leading to necrosis is the Lipid per
oxidative damage that occurs mainly in the cell
membrane. In addition, lipid peroxidation represents
one of the most reactions resulting from free
radicals attack on biological structures Cr(VI) and
Cr(V) are both able to yield ROS.(11).The majority of
oxidative stress studies in rat have used TBARS as a
tissue damage indicator.
In addition, there was no study relating EEIB and
EEEV with chromium intoxication. Therefore, in this
study was undertaken to evaluate for the antioxidant
activity against the chromium (VI) induced oxidative
stress in male albino rats. The results of the present
study demonstrate that the EEIB and EEEV at a
concentration of 200mg/kg body weight protected
the animals significantly from the chromium
induced oxidative damage.
EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF IMPATIENS BALSAMINA AND ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA
ON CHROMIUM INDUCED FREE RADICALS IN RATS
Table No.-1
Groups SOD
U/mg
CATALASE
µm/min/mg
REDUCED
GSH
µg/mg
LIPID
PEROXIDATION
nM MDA/g
AST
U/L
ALT
U/L
Group-I 32.65±2.15 282.4±4.45 112.40±4.55 17.65±1.28 190.45±3.20 85.80±2.85
Group-II 30.42±1.95 188.30±3.22*a 64.30±1.65*a 30.58±2.30*a 330.10±7.45*a 227.30±5.20*a
Group-III 29.52±1.70 242.65±4.20*b 96.6±3.25*b 20.8±1.45 *b 230.30±4.20*b 125.45±3.40*b
Group-
IV
32.45±1.98 211.12±2.50*b 84.45±2.45*b
18.18±2.56*b
260.75±5.30*b 162.52±2.45*b
Group-V 33.78±2.20 215.32±2.65*b 86.45±3.30*b 19.20± 2.12*b 250.65±4.80*b 150.80±2.85*b
 Values are expressaed as mean SEM.
 No. of animals in each group (n) = 6
 Values were find out by using one way ANOVA followed by Newman Keul’s multiple range test.
 (a*) values were significantly different from Normal control (G1
) at ( P < 0.01 ).
 (b *) values were significantly different from toxic group (G2
) at ( P < 0.01 ).

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