Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of the combined ethanol extracts of Newbouldia laevis and Moringa oleifera leaves

1. A PROJECT DEFENCE
BY
KORODE EMMANUEL ISAIAH
2008/1/30724BH
SUPERVISED
BY
DR. A. Y. KABIRU

2. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory
activity of the combined ethanol
extracts of Newbouldia laevis and
Moringa oleifera leaves

3. INTRODUCTION
INFLAMMATION
NEWBOULDIA LAEVIS AND MORINGA
OLEIFERA PLANTS
WHY THE COMBINATION THERAPY

4. MATERIALS
• PLANTS >The leaves of the plants Newbouldia
laevis and Moringa oleifera were collected from
Bosso local government between, January and
February 2013.
• ANIMALS > Adult albino male rats of 30 (200 - 280
g) were purchased from Benue State University.
• PHLOGISTIC AGENT USED > Freshly prepared
undiluted egg albumin.
• DRUG USED > Aspirin drug was purchased at
Farayola pharmacy in Bosso.

5. METHODS
 PREPARATION OF EXTRACTS :The fresh leaves
were air dried at room temperature and later pulverized.
The plants materials were extracted in 95% v/v of ethanol
using reflux extraction at 70o
C for 2 hours. Thereafter,
filtration was done using filter papers and glass funnel into
a beaker. The solvent was allowed to evaporate in a
rotary evaporator at 7o
C to obtained a greenish sticky
extracts [yield: 13.4% (NL), 8.75 %( MO)].The extracts
were stored at 4o
C in the refrigerator.

6. METHODS
 INDUCTION
Acute inflammation was induced by injecting 0.1 ml of freshly prepared
egg albumin into the sub-plantar region of the right hind paw of rats
(Ojewole, 2006).The rats developed oedema after 30 minutes of
induction with egg the albumin.

7. METHODS
PARAMETERS SET > Some parameters were
set after the injection of the phlogistic agent and
were recorded at different time intervals
throughout the experimental procedures, these
parameters are:
0 >rats walk normally.
1 > partial elevation of paw on the floor.
2 > elevation without contact to the floor.
3 > Licking, biting or shaking of paw.
4 > rat remain in one position.
5 > Light bearing of the paw on the floor.
(Ojewole, 2006).

8. METHODS
GROUPING OF ANIMALS AND TREATMENT
Each group were treated with a fixed dose of 25mg/kg
body weight (intraperitoneally) of Newbouldia laevis
and moringa oleifera extracts (Tanko et al., 2008).
Group 1 (Newbouldia laevis extracts).
Group 2 (Moringa oleifera extracts).
Group 3 at dose ratio (1:1).
Group 4 at dose ratio (2:1).
Group 5 at dose ratio (1:2).
Group 6 (25mg/kg of standard drug Aspirin).
Group 7 (Negative control).
Type of treatment carried out > Active Treatment > A treatment directed immediately to the cure of
a disease or injury.

9. DETERMINATION OF WEIGHT
• OBSERVATION CARRIED OUT >
At the end of the study, the rats were put
under thorough observations for one week
and their weight determined to see if
there will be a reduction in the weights of
the experimental rats.

10. Table 1. Effect of combined ethanol extracts of Newbouldia laevis and Moringa oleifera
leaves on egg albumin -induced paw oedema in rats.
Treat. Dose ratio (mgkg-1
) Paw volumes/diameter (cm)
1h 2h 3h 4h 5h
Group 1 1 0.57 ± 0.03* 0.37 ± 0.06 0.30 ± 0.06 0.30 ± 0.06 0.22 ± 0.04
Group2 1 0.33 ± 0.12 0.22 ± 0.06* 0.15 ± 0.05* 0.15 ± 0.05* 0.13 ±0.04*
Group3 1:1 0.43 ± 0.07 0.32 ± 0.09 0.22 ± 0.04* 0.17 ± 0.04* 0.12 ± 0.04*
Group4 2:1 0.45 ± 0.03 0.40 ± 0.03 0.35 ± 0.03 0.25 ± 0.03* 0.15 ± 0.05*
Group5 1:2 0.42 ± 0.09 0.32 ± 0.04* 0.18 ± 0.03* 0.13 ± 0.03* 0.08 ± 0.03*
Group6 25mg/kg 0.35 ± 0.11 0.22 ± 0.06* 0.18 ± 0.04* 0.12 ± 0.05* 0.07 ± 0.09*
Group7 ------ 0.47 ± 0.03 0.48 ± 0.02 0.42 ± 0.02 0.38 ± 0.02 0.32 ± 0.02
• Each value is mean ±SEM; number of animal used (n=3),Significantly different (*p < 0.05) experimental
groups compared with control.
grp1>Newbouldia laevis , grp2>Moringa oleifera, grp3>Newbouldia laevis and Moringa oleifera extracts,(1:1)
grp4>Newbouldia laevis and Moringa oleifera extracts(2:1)
grp5>Newbouldia laevis and Moringa oleifera extracts(1:2)
grp6>Aspirin(25mg/kg)
grp7>negative control.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

11. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 2. Percentage of inhibition of paw edema exhibited by ethanol extracts of
Newbouldia leavis and Moringa oleifera leaves at 25mg/kg.
Group(dose) % inhibition at various time intervals Mean of % inhibition
1h 2h 3h 4h 5h
Group1 21.4 24.0 28.0 21.7 31.5 25.3
Group2 28.7 51.1 64.0 60.8 58.0 53.3
Group3(1:1) 7.3 34.4 48.0 56.4 63.1 41.8
Group4(2:1) 14.4 30.4 32.1 34.7 36.9 29.7
Group5 (1:2) 10.7 34.4 56.1 63.3 73.8 48.1
Group6(25mg/kg) 32.1 55.1 56.1 69.5 79.0 58.4
grp1>Newbouldia laevis. .
grp2>Moringa oleifera.
grp3>Newbouldia laevis and Moringa oleifera extracts (1:1).
grp4>Newbouldia laevis and Moringa oleifera extracts(2:1) .
grp5>Newbouldia laevis and Moringa oleifera extracts(1:2).
grp6>Aspirin(25mg/kg)
Inhibition (%) = Mean paw diameter (control) – Mean paw diameter (treated) x 100
Mean paw diameter (control)

12. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 hour 2 hours 3 hours 4 hours 5 hours
N/L
M/O
1:1
2:1
1:2
Aspirin
Figure 1: Percentage inhibition of inflammation by extracts compared with standard drug at
different time intervals.

13. CONCLUSION
• In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory
activity exhibited by the two plants extracts
shows a positive prospect for the
treatment of inflammation using natural
products.

14. RECOMMENDATION
• The anti-inflammatory study of medicinal plants
should be perform using standard equipment
such as plethysmometer for measuring the paw
volume of the experimental animals as the use
of cotton thread method pose a major challenge
in taking measurement. Higher doses for
treatment is also recommended.

15. Thanks forThanks for
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