Influence of Smart Technology in Power System

1. Influence of Smart Technology in
Power System
Name:-
Pavan Kumar Singh

2. Content:-
• Introduction
• Definition of smart grid
• Aim and objective of research work
• Literature survey
• The major component of smart grid
• Identification of problem and research gap
• Major input(infrastructure) required
• Motivation of research
• References

3. A traditional power system consists of centralized generation of electricity, which is
transmitted and distributed to the customers following a unidirectional way [1].
The main primary sources used to generate electricity in the world are non-renewable
and it has several problems as limitation of energy resources, which affects countries
energy security and environmental impacts due to increase of greenhouse gas emissions[1]
 Considering this scenario, we need a modern power system able to improve
1. grids efficiency, reliability and security
2. reduce on peak demand
3. offer environmental benefits
4. locate and repair faults easily
5. accommodate renewable resources among others.
 These features can be achieved by automated controls, modern communication
infrastructure and sensing, monitoring and energy management technologies [1].
Therefore the term smart grid has been in use since at least 2005, when the article
"Toward A Smart Grid"[4] appeared.
Introduction:-

4. “A smart grid can be defined as a generation, transmission and distribution system
equipped with a two-way communication system controlled by the grid operator”[1]
Andres Carvallo defined smart grid as [2], “The smart grid is the integration of an
electric grid, a communications network, software and hardware to monitor, control
and manage the creation, distribution, storage and consumption of energy”
Definition of Smart Grid

5. Aim and Objective of Research work
Research objective:-
• To analyze the Impact of smart management of consumer’s appliances.
• To Optimized model of micro grid.
• To analyze the effect of smart sensors and smart appliances placements in smart grid
The aim of research work is to analyze major issues in the area for the smart grid .
The literature survey in detail will be carried out on different issues associated with smart grid
and the categorization has been done based on the related issues covered(Smart appliances,
,Renewable Energy Sources, Smart Meter, Energy Storage Technology, TA and DA).

6. Author(s) Title of Research Paper(s) Conclusions
V S K Murthy Balijepalli,
S A Khaparde & R P
Gupta
Towards Indian Smart Grids [9]
In this research paper, authors discussed the unified approach to
evolve the conceptualization of Smart Grids for the Indian
Power Scenario.
Katia Gregio Di Santo,
Eduardo Kanashiro,
Silvio Giuseppe Di Santo,
Marco Antonio Saidel
A review on smart grids and experiences in
Brazil[1]
In this paper, author discussed about need and future of smart
grid, sustainable development concept and have automation as a
strong point, facilitating the systems operation, rationalizing
resources, increasing grid reliability and diversifying the energy
matrix.
Anjan Bose New Smart Grid Application for Power System
Operations [10]
In this paper, the author plan a lay out for the present electric
grid to smart grid with total information picture of more
sensors, more communication, more computers and more
control.
P. Acharjee Strategy and implementation of Smart Grid in
India [11]
In this paper, the author discussed the various issues regarding
the implementation of smart grid. It is considered that
introduction of “Smart Grid” technology will improve the
reliability of power system, quality of supply, efficiency of the
power sector apart from consumer friendly and ultimately
reduces line losses.
Literature Survey :-
On Smart Grid

7. The major Component of Smart Grid

8. Identification of Problem and research gap
• Transmission Automation (TA): Smart transmission has automated substations and
coordination among protection devices. It also uses Sensors, Communication
Systems and dynamic limiters [1].
• Distribution Automation(DA): Distribution Automation system can be designed
with the computer technology, control systems and metering systems. The
automation of the distribution system has increased in order to improve the
quality of supply and allow the connection of more distributed generation.
•Transmission Automation (TA)
•Distribution Automation(DA)
•Smart appliances
•Renewable Energy Sources
•Smart Meter
•Energy Storage Technology

9. •Smart appliances: Smart Appliances is also important component of smart grid.
The consumption of energy is very less in smart appliances. The advantage of smart
appliances are not limited to making life easier
PMU: PMU is used for full system observability which take into account the lack of
availability of appropriate data in all network nodes as well as the intervention of
all renewable energy sources which will improve system stability [21]. A work can
be done on the optimization of algorithm used for allocating the PMU.
SST: A SST is a type of electrical power converter that replaces a conventional
transformer used in A.C power distribution, it is smaller and more efficient than
conventional transformer because it is operates at high frequency. A work can be
done on different application of SST like D.C link for different D.G and electric
vehicles, for improving power quality of grid, as a isolation from between L.V and
H.V and as a circuit breaker [22].

10. • Renewable Energy Sources: Renewable Energy Sources are most important
component of Smart Grid. Renewable Energy Sources are following types: wind
generation, small hydro, micro hydro, solar technologies. Smart control devices are
needed to connect these renewable energy sources to power grid.
HRES: The current trend of research and development are focused in hybrid
renewable energy systems (HRES) that allowing hybridization and optimization of
the electrical energy. Integration of photovoltaic and wind energy system for
sustained the electric generation has been done[23], The same work can be done
on integration of photovoltaic and biomass plant

11. • Smart Meter: The smart meter is digital and bidirectional, being an interface
between the consumer and the electric utility. Smart meters provide a plate form
for the electric utility to send control signs to smart homes, necessary to increase
or to decrease home electricity consumption Moreover, the data collected by
smart meters provides real time information about electricity consumption of a
utility service centre [1]
Among the various functionalities of smart meter, time-of-use(TOU) and
bidirectional communication have been found to be the two top most
functionalities. Work can be done on above functionalities of smart meter[20]

12. • Energy Storage Technology: Electric Storage technologies such as advanced
batteries, pumped hydro and others require electricity to be stored and dispatched
during times of peak demand or to provide power from renewable resources.
Energy storage with integration of RES can smooth the intermittency of energy
sources, minimize reverse power flow and keeps voltage within limit, store output
power and release coincidental with local load and control ram rate of power
fluctuations.[24]
there are different opportunities and challenges for different types of energy
storing technology used for smart grid, especially for hybrid energy storage
technology, which will create a new research area in future.

13. Major Input(infrastructure) Required:-
• MATLAB/SIMULINK
• Homer software (For renewable system
design)
• HIL Real time simulator software

14. Motivation of the research:
• As we know Electricity generation by non-renewable sources has several
problems as limitation of energy resources, which affects countries energy
security and environmental impacts due to increase of greenhouse gas
emissions.
• Also a traditional power system consists of centralized generation of
electricity, which is transmitted and distributed to the customers following
a unidirectional way.
• So the aim of this research is to improve grids efficiency, reliability and
security ; reduce on peak demand ; offer environmental benefits ;locate
and repair faults easily; accommodate renewable resources; among
others. These features can be achieved by automated controls, modern
communication infrastructure and sensing, monitoring and energy
management technologies i.e Known as Smart Grid

15. References:-
[1] Katia GregioDiSanto, EduardoKanashiro, SilvioGiuseppeDiSanto, MarcoAntonioSaidel A review on
smart grids and experiences in Brazil,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, July 2015
[2] European Technology Platform Smart Grids, see also: http://smartgrids.eu/?q=node/163
[3] Arup Sinha, S. Neogi and R. N. Lahiri, S. Choudhary and S.P. Choudhary,“Smart Grid Initiative for
Power Distribution Utility in India”, Power and Energy Society General Meeting, pp.1- 8, IEEE, 2011.
[4] S. Massoud Amin and B. F. Wollenberg, “Toward a Smart Grid”, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine,
vol.3, no.5, pp. 34-41, 2005.
[5] Q. Sun, J. Wu, Y. Zhang “Comparison of the development of Smart Grids in China and the United
Kingdom”, IEEE PES Conference on ISGT Europe, 11th -13th October, 2010.
[6] European Commission (2006) European Smart Grids Technology Platform: Vision and Strategy for
Europe’s Electricity, see also: http://ec.europa.eu smartgrids_en.pdf.
[7] Department of Energy and Climate Change, U.K, Smarter Grids: The Opportunity, December 2009,
see also: http://www.decc.gov.uk.
[8] M. Pipattanasompom, M. Kuzlu and S. Rahman, “Demand Response Implementation in a Home Area
Network: A Conceptual Hardware Architecture”, ISGT, CEAGE, 16th – 18th January, 2012.
[9] V. S. K. Murthy Balijepalli, S. A. Khaparde and R. P Gupta, “Towards Indian Smart Grids”, TENCON
2009, IEEE Region 10 Conference, ISGT, 23rd – 26th January, 2009.
[10] Anjan Bose, “New Smart Grid Application for Power System Operations”, Power and Energy society
General Meeting, pp. 1-5, IEEE, 2010.
[11] P. Acharjee, “Strategy and implementation of Smart Grid in India”, Energy Strategy Reviews, 2012.

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[18] Kristin Dietrich, Jesus M. Latorre, Luis Olmos and Andres Ramos, “Demand Response in an Isolated System
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[20] Yi Wang, Qixin Chen, Tao Hong, Chongqing Kang “Review of Smart Meter Data Analytics:
Applications, Methodologies, and Challenges”, IEEE trans. smart grid,
[21] Nesrine MEKKI, Faouzi DERBEL “PMU Deployment for Smart Grids” , 2016 13th international multi-
conference on system,signals & devices
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84345
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theElectric Power Production” 978-1-5090-5713-9/13-9/$31.00@2016 IEEE
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