Recording Transaction

Recording Transaction
3. Jeff collected $6,000 from customers for repair services performed. 4. Rent was paid for the
month of August, $2,400. 5. Supplies amounting to $2,740 were purchased on credit. 6. Wages of
$1,000 were paid as well as an account for electricity, $540. 7. Jeff paid for the supplies purchased
in (5) above. 8. Supplies used during August amounted to $1,280. Required: A. Prepare a schedule.
List the following assets, liabilities and equity as column headings: Cash at Bank; Supplies;
Equipment; Loan Payable; Accounts Payable; J. Drain, Capital. B. Show the effects of each of the
transactions on the accounts listed. Indicate totals after each transaction and complete the schedule.
C. Prepare an income ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Establish running balance ledger accounts for each supplier in the subsidiary ledger and an Accounts
Payable Control account in the general ledger. Post the amounts from the journals to the subsidiary
and control accounts. B. Prepare a schedule of accounts payable as at 30 June and compare the total
with the balance in the control account.
Problem 7.1 – Accounting with Sales Journal and Purchases Journal
Apex Construction Ltd uses sales and purchases journals in its accounting system. The following
transaction occurred during June 2012.
June
5 Purchased merchandise on account from Jason Ltd, invoice 207, $2400, terms 2/10, n/30.
8 Purchased merchandise on account from Ross Ltd, invoice 878, $1680, terms 2/10, n/30.
10 Sold merchandise on account to E. Mears, invoice 226, $4560.
16 Sold merchandise on account to Benz Ltd, invoice 227, $3960.
19 Purchased merchandise on account from J Harley, invoice 828, $1160, terms 2/10, n/30.
26 Sold merchandise on account to A. Alberts, invoice 228, $3120.
29 Sold merchandise on account to Benz Ltd, invoice 229, $2400. Required: A. Complete the
requirements below, assuming that the business is not registered for the GST. 1. Establish all
necessary general ledger accounts, accounts receivable subsidiary ledger accounts, and accounts
payable subsidiary ledger accounts. Use the following account numbers: Accounts Receivable,
1200; Accounts Payable, 2200; Sales, 4100;
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Itm301 Sl1 Essay
For this paper I was asked to define an information system and types of information systems,
Provide three examples of information systems used in real life and tell us what type of information
systems they are and how are they related to the learning objectives for this module. I have picked
three examples of information systems in real life applications, they are: Pandora radio (decision
support system), cashier register (transaction processing system) and Facebook (office automation
system). Information system are vital to knowledge management, they provide a simple system to
ensure the success of not only businesses, but national defense as well. * Define an information
system and types of information systems
An information system ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
. (Mills, Kevin (June 30, 2011) IT Collaborate: Information Systems used in Modern Business.
Retrieved January 7, 2013 from http://www.itcollaborate.com/71/information–systems–used–in–
modern–business/)
Office Automation System:
Office automation systems can take many forms, but their primary function remains the same
throughout, and that is to facilitate information exchange between people in an organization. Some
of these systems may include word processors, spreadsheets, email clients, file sharing systems,
databases, etc. The main benefit behind this type of technology is that the more freely that
information flows around an office, the more productive the environment is. With the increase in
production, the organization can raise its profits considerably as the efficiency of data exchange
increases, allowing a decrease in the time it takes to deliver the product to the customer. (Mills,
Kevin (June 30, 2011) IT Collaborate: Information Systems used in Modern Business. Retrieved
January 7, 2013 from http://www.itcollaborate.com/71/information–systems–used–in–modern–
business/)
* Provide three examples of information systems used in real life and tell us what type of
information systems they are
Pandora radio is a decision support system and I will explain why. The decision support system uses
an auto complete

Advantages And Disadvantages Of The DBMS System
ta are actually stored is described and entries and relationship among them.
View level: This is the highest level of abstraction at which one describes only part of the database.
ADVANTAGES OF RDBMS
Redundancy can be avoided
Inconsistency can be eliminated
Data can be Shared
Standards can be enforced
Security restrictions ca be applied
Integrity can be maintained
Conflicting requirements can be balanced
Data independence can be achieved.
DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS A significant disadvantage of the DBMS system is cost. In addition
to the cost of purchasing of developing the software, the hardware has to be upgraded to allow for
the extensive programs and the workspace required for their execution and storage. While
centralization reduces duplication, the lack of duplication requires that the database be adequately
backed up so that in case of failure the data can be recovered.
FEATURES OF SQL SERVER (RDBMS) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most widespread use of multi–tier architecture is the three–tier architecture.
N–tier application architecture provides a model by which developers can create flexible and
reusable applications. By segregating an application into tiers, developers acquire the option of
modifying or adding a specific layer, instead of reworking the entire application. A Three–tier
architecture is typically composed of a presentation tier, a domain logic tier, and a data storage tier.
While the concepts of layer and tier are often used interchangeably, one fairly common point of
view is that there is indeed a difference. This view holds that a layer is a logical structuring
mechanism for the elements that make up the software solution, while a tier is a physical structuring
mechanism for the system

Audit and Party Transactions
April 21, 2003
The Enron Collapse
Was Enron's collapse due to a failure in the standard setting process? Why or why not?
The Enron collapse was by no means due to a failure in the standard setting process instead, the
collapse resulted from Enron's fast growing rate and its highly "creative" management team who at
one point just lost control of the business. The company stopped doing what it was known for doing
best, energy generations, and began exploring and operating in a new and unknown business
segment and a new industry. The standard setting process was indeed effective; however
management kept finding ways to go around the system. Finally, the collapse can also be attributed
to management integrity and Andersen's failure to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If representations are made and said representations are unsubstantiated by management, the auditor
should express a qualified opinion.
Enron asserted that its related party transactions were on terms that were reasonable compared to
those which could have been negotiated with unrelated third parities. Should a company be allowed
to make such claims? Why of why not?
Companies should not be allowed to make these claims as these claims are frequently subjective and
biases. In addition, except form routine transactions, it will be generally not be possible to determine
whether a particular transaction would have taken place if the parties had not been related, or
assuming it would have taken place, what the terms and manner of settlement would have been. For
this reason, it is difficult to substantiate representations that a transaction was consummated on
terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm's length transactions. Related party transactions should
always be disclosed.
How can auditors be sure that they have obtained evidence regarding all significant related party
transactions?
It is not possible for the auditor to be 100% certain that he/she has obtained all evidence regarding
all significant related party transactions, especially if management is trying to conceal something.
However, the

Recovery System Dbms
17. Recovery System in DBMS – Presentation Transcript 1. Chapter 17: Recovery System * Failure
Classification * Storage Structure * Recovery and Atomicity * Log–Based Recovery * Shadow
Paging * Recovery With Concurrent Transactions * Buffer Management * Failure with Loss of
Nonvolatile Storage * Advanced Recovery Techniques * ARIES Recovery Algorithm * Remote
Backup Systems 2. Failure Classification * Transaction failure : * Logical errors : transaction cannot
complete due to some internal error condition * System errors : the database system must terminate
an active transaction due to an error condition (e.g., deadlock) * ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
* Buffer blocks are the blocks residing temporarily in main memory. * Block movements between
disk and main memory are initiated through the following two operations: * input ( B ) transfers the
physical block B to main memory. * output ( B ) transfers the buffer block B to the disk, and
replaces the appropriate physical block there. * Each transaction T i has its private work–area in
which local copies of all data items accessed and updated by it are kept. * T i 's local copy of a data
item X is called x i . * We assume, for simplicity, that each data item fits in, and is stored inside, a
single block. 8. Data Access (Cont.) * Transaction transfers data items between system buffer blocks
and its private work–area using the following operations : * read ( X ) assigns the value of data item
X to the local variable x i . * write ( X ) assigns the value of local variable x i to data item { X } in
the buffer block. * both these commands may necessitate the issue of an input (B X ) instruction
before the assignment, if the block B X in which X resides is not already in memory. * Transactions
* Perform read ( X ) while accessing X for the first time; * All subsequent accesses are to the local
copy. * After last access, transaction executes write ( X ). * output ( B X ) need not immediately
follow write ( X ).

Credit Transactions Of The Original Production
Credit transactions in the Original Production appear as "Discounts Straws:GRI." For these
transactions, quantities are listed as positive but the revenue associated with the transactions is $0.
In contrast, transactions with "Inventory" in the name field in the Original Production seem to
account for over $4 million in sorting revenue. What do these transactions represent? Are they actual
sales? Why do these transactions no longer appear in the 2011–2015 data? In the Updated
Production for the 2006–2010 period, some transactions for sorting services show quantities of zero
and $0 revenue, but have a positive sales price. Are these cancelled service orders? If not, what do
these transactions represent? For example, on October 30, 2008, ST shows a transaction with Select
Sires for sorting where the sales price is $15.10, but the quantity is 0 and sales amount listed is $0
(ING_111940). In the Updated Production, certain sorting transactions reference "Research" or
"R&D." Most of these transactions have revenue associated with them. What are these transactions,
and do they represent actual sales of sorting services? Some transactions from the Updated
Production have $0 revenue and positive sale quantities. Most (but not all) such transactions are
classified as "Sexed Semen (no–charge)" or "Conventional Semen (no–charge)." What types of
transactions are recorded under "Sexed Semen (no–charge)" and "Conventional Semen (no–
charge)," and why were customers not charged?

Construction Of Project Finance Transaction
Introduction
This practice note sets out a number of fundamental legal and business considerations and issues to
address in the context of a project finance transaction.
Project Finance Generally
Industrial projects, such as power plants, toll roads, ports and oil and gas pipelines, are all typically
financed through a complex legal, financial and regulatory structure involving multiple project
parties, sophisticated documentation and extensive negotiation.
Project finance transactions are typically either (i) limited recourse, where lenders do not assume the
entire financial risk of the project and instead rely on mechanisms such as completion guarantees or
parent guarantees, or (ii) non–recourse, where the revenues generated from the project and the
project's assets repay the indebtedness owed to the lenders. In addition to providing funds to
complete new projects, the scope of project finance also allows project companies to expand
existing projects or refinance existing indebtedness on existing projects at more favorable terms.
Nature of the Transaction
One of the key issues to address at the outset of a project finance transaction is a determination as to
whether the project is within a regulated industry. If it is, the project sponsor will need to engage
specialized regulatory counsel to address issues related to obtaining permits, managing industry–
specific risk and other particular requirements and conditions precedent that will lead to deal
completion.
If the

Multimedia Database : An Tool For Proper Organization Of...
1.0 MOTIVATION
In 21st century the entertainment has a huge toll on the people 's industrious life. After their hectic
work schedules they started seeking entertainment in different ways. The one form of entertainment
is multimedia such as music, TV shows, movies, video games etc... There comes the significance of
multimedia database, which is a fundamental tool for proper organization of multimedia
entertainment.
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Multimedia database is a powerful platform to organize and structure every day multimedia data.
Traditionally, a database contains collection of data related to a given entity, while a database
management system, or DBMS, is a collection of interrelated data with set of programs used to
define, create, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3.0 DEFINITIONS
3.0.1 Multimedia database:
A Multimedia database is a collection of related multimedia data. The multimedia data include one
or more primary data types such as text, images, graphic objects(includes drawings, sketches and
illustrations) animation sequences, audio and video.[w]
3.0.2 Multimedia database management system(MMDBMS ):
A Multimedia Database Management System (MMDBMS) is a framework that manages different
types of data potentially represented in a wide diversity of formats on a wide array of media sources.
It provides support for multimedia data types, and facilitate for creation, storage, access, query and
control of a multimedia database.[w]
4.0 NATURE OF MULTIMEDIA DATA
The amalgamation of multimedia data types from numerous sources uniquely characterizes
multimedia information systems. The data types found in a typical multimedia database include:
 Text.
 Graphic objects (drawings, sketches and 3D objects).
 Images (black and white, color, photographs, paintings and maps).
 Animation sequences (images or graphic objects, independently generated).
 Video (also a sequence of images, but typically recording a real–life event and usually produced
by a video recorder).
 Audio (generated from a hearing device).

 Composite multimedia (constituted from a combination of two or more of the above data types,
such as an intermix of audio and video with a textual annotation).
 The characteristics and comparison 's of

Lily's Choice in The House of Mirth Essays
Lily's Choice in The House of Mirth
Near the beginning of The House of Mirth, Wharton establishes that Lily would not indeed have
cared to marry a man who was merely rich: "she was secretly ashamed of her mothers crude passion
for money" (38). Lily, like the affluent world she loves, has a strange relationship with money. She
needs money to buy the type of life she has been raised to live, and her relative poverty makes her
situation precarious. Unfortunately, Lily has not been trained to obtain money through a wide
variety of methods. Wharton's wealthy socialites do not all procure money in the same way: money
can be inherited, earned working in a hat shop, won at cards, traded scandalously between married
men and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lily Bart has to die because she is completely incapable of adapting to this world of direct
transactions, and in the end the only two paths she sees both lie firmly in that realm.
First, a distinction must be made between direct and indirect transaction. Lily can happily live in a
world where wealth circulates obliquely and freely. When Lily stays as a guest at Bellomont eating
fine food at her hosts expense, she is not receiving payment for goods or services. Instead, her
charm has earned her the benefits of friendship with the rich. Lily is not exactly being paid to be
charming; instead, being charming attracts the generous hospitality and entertainment of wealthy
friends. The distinction between this type of benefit and direct compensation is enormous. When the
reader encounters Lily in Chapter Ten of Book Two, Lily has fled from the world of Norma Hatch to
the milliners shop––and it was an offer of direct reward that made it necessary for Lily to escape.
Wharton writes, "The sense of being involved in a transaction she would not have cared to examine
too closely had soon afterward defined itself in the light of a hint from Mr. Stancy that if she saw
them through, she would have no reason to be sorry" (293–3). Lily has no qualms about living as a
guest of her rich friends, but the idea of selling her charm and becoming a sort of social mercenary
holds no appeal for her: "The implication that such loyalty would meet with a direct

E-Commerce Transaction Transforming Framework
E–commerce Transaction Transforming Framework (ETTF) will give distinctive easy to use
interfaces for the clients and staff since their needs to get to the framework is diverse. The
framework stays informed regarding all the transactions made on the record. The computerized
charging framework produces month to month explanations for each one record and keeps record of
the installments and equalization levy on the record. For staying informed regarding all the client
administration demands and points of interest of the 4 move made, the framework gives a novel
client administration number to every client. The social database that secures all these information
might be gotten to by the managerial staff and the client administration agents through structure
based interfaces. The Robotization of Online transaction handling includes 5 modules to be dealt
with. They are 1) Recognizable proof 2) Capability 3) Assignment 4) EMI 5) Catch up and
conclusion Suspicions that are included in the online transaction handling framework and issues
general guidelines, security governs, and contracts of the installment passages organizations must be
taken after actualizing every single interface. In the case that Open bravo POS peruses the Visa data,
the card numbers and other installment data should not be put away for all time in the database.
After a transaction has been acknowledged or rejected all the installment data must be erased; just
the transaction ID must be put away. In the

Personal Trainer, Inc. Essay
Background
Personal Trainer, INC. is a success and fast growing fitness center. They operate many different
fitness facilities that offer different types of services. Not all fitness centers contain every service
offered. They are about to open a new fitness center that does offer all the services they provide,
including some new ones such as web based access for their customers. They are looking for a
services that will accompany and their needs to help their business run as smoothly as possible.
Business Functions and Processes:
Listed below are the different functions and their process in order for the new Personal Trainer, Inc.
to run successfully:
Accounts Payable: This account is responsible for making payments to suppliers.
Accounts Receivable: This count is responsible for receiving payments from memberships and
different services they provide.
Membership List: This list keeps track of all members of the gym and their information.
Microsoft Office: These collection of programs handles membership information and word
processing.
Exercise Area with Equipment: This area provides exercise service to its members. Equipment is
provided for members to be able to exercise.
Swimming Pool: The pool provides different services such as pool classes provided by Personal
Trainer, Inc., or just to swim. This service can be included in the membership price or paid
separately when utilized.
Child Care with Special Programs: Functions as a day care that also provides a

Defining Nosql Database And Its Classification Essay
Introduction
The rapid growth in the world of technology has influenced the way we communicate, shop, learn,
and share information. The development of technology led database analysts and administrators to
find more convenient ways to store the big amount of data. Big data is known as expression in the
tech–world. It is defined as a huge collection of data that cannot be managed by relational databases
(Moniruzzaman and Hossain 1). So, developers start to use non–relational databases (NoSQL) to
arrange and store the Big data. In order to understand how developers solve the storing issue of the
big amount of data and provide systems that can sync data between multiple devices, we need to
start with a brief background of NoSQL databases to understand Couchbase system. The purpose of
this paper is to define NoSQL database, compare it with SQL database, define Couchbase and
describe how Couchbase is synchronizing data between multiple devices, especially Couchbase
Mobile.
The outline of this paper consists of the following sections. Section 1 introduces NoSQL database
and its classifications. Section 2 gives a brief comparison between NoSQL database and SQL
database. Section 3 explains document oriented databases. Section 4 defines Couchbase. Section 5
describes Couchbase Mobile and provides an example of its use in synchronizing data between
multiple mobile devices.
Definition of NoSQL Databases
NoSQL databases are defined as non–relational data management systems that is

Stuart Daw Case
Question 1
Is there a way to estimate the cost of services and product to customers such that Stuart's Branded
Foods can be competitive in their market? Use the illustrations of the two customers to demonstrate
your approach. What would be the selling price per kit or per cup for each customer?
The costing approach should be based on per Transaction Basis rather than on per kit or per pound
basis because of the following reasons:
Current costs are allocated on a per kit basis, which is not an efficient cost allocation method.
Operational costs should be same irrespective of number of kits.
Equipment costs should be on a per kit basis as it depends on the number of kits sold.
Operational costs including Personnel costs, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What impact might it have upon the business strategy of the firm?
If Stuart Daw adopts the Transaction based Pricing Strategy it may face the following impact
On Performance:
The price per cup for both small as well as large customers is reduced.
It can maintain competitiveness in the large customer segment by maintaining 15% Profit Margin.
Revenue stream generated from the customer segments may get impacted with changes in
Transaction Costs and subsequently Price per Kit.
Improved cost allocation will ensure that the company can maintain competitiveness without any
appreciation in costs to customers.
On Strategy:
The company should target to serve the large customer base with better profit margins and also
choose to serve those small customers who are willing to pay the targeted price per kit.
For difficult to serve small customers alternate and cost effective means of ordering, transporting
and fulfilling the orders should be sought.
Personnel costs, both direct and indirect should be brought under control.
Promote bulk orders among the small customers so that effective price/cup for small customers can
be brought down.
Question 3

What advice would you offer to Stuart Daw?
Our advice to Stuart Daw would be:
Stuart Daw should adopt the new Transaction Cost allocation mechanism, which will enable it to
remain competitive in the large customer segment.

Transaction Processing Systems ( Tps )
ONE.
To start a business, businesses must conduct the business targets and raise the capital through
business processes. They must deal with all of suppliers, customers, products and services, etc.
Business processes are defined as a set of activities that will complete specific organization goals for
particular customers. A firm well–organized business process can demonstrate through the ability of
organizing work activities, managing information, and improving production technology.
With today new technology, information system is a set of collecting, processing, storing, and
distributing information to support and control an organization. Information system makes it
possible for firms to manage their information to make better decisions and speed up the
accomplishment of business processes. In order to use information systems effectively, one needs to
understand the fundamental organization, management, and information technology of the
information systems.
TWO.
Transaction processing systems (TPS) are computerized systems that businesses use to manage their
daily activities and transactions of the organization, such as sales, hotel reservation, payroll, and
employee record keeping, etc. The basic truth purpose of systems helps to answer the commonly and
regularly questions, and rack customers? information through the organization. In addition,
managers use TPS as a main purpose to watch the status of internal operations and the relationship
with external

Discuss the Influential Role That Agency Theory,...
1. Introduction
The paper reviews three important theories in corporate governance, different theories using
different terminology, and views corporate governance from different perspective. Some articles are
used to support these theories in this paper. From the Cadbury Report in 1992, we can get the
information that corporate governance is the system by which companies are directed and
controlled, which involves a set of relationship between a company's management, its board, its
shareholders and other stakeholders, and the objectives for which the corporation is governed. There
are mainly three important theories included in corporate governance, which are agency theory,
transaction cost theory and stakeholder theory, each theory views ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As we know, a corporation is basically has three sets of interest, they are Managers, stockholders
and creditors. Stockholders often have conflicts with both banks and managers, since their general
priorities are different. Managers want quick profits that increase their own benefit, power and
reputation, while shareholders are more interested in slow and steady growth all the time. And the
purpose of agency theory is to identify the conflict point among corporate interest groups. Banks
want to reduce risk while shareholders want to maximize profits reasonably. Managers also think
about their own interest. The fact that modern corporations are based on these relations creates costs
in that each group is trying to control the others. Therefor agency theory as a theory of corporate
governance to help corporate alleviate the problems arising due to the separation of ownership and
control.
3. Transaction cost theory 3.1 Theory
This discipline was initiated by Cyert and March's (1963) A Behavioral

Australian Personal Property Securities Laws Essay
Question 1
(a)
Australian laws relating to personal property securities ("PPS") have been messy for years, based on
often incomplete state records which have never been centralised. The major rationales for the
reforms are that the previous laws were inflexible, outdated, and prevent product innovation.[1]
Personal property incorporates intellectual property , an important repository of wealth in the 21st
century.
This causes a need to incorporatefor flexible and modern laws which encourage consumers and
producers to "conveniently ... raise finance ...on the security of such property"[2] which encourage
investment which in turn leads to the creation of wealth.
The old PPS laws are majorly derived from 19th century legislation ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
All the transactions even those which are not treated as a security interest will have to be treated the
same. As a result, the levels of transparency and certainty on third parties would be improved. The
PPS reforms have ensured that there is a national electronic register which will cater for all security
interests in personal property. The register will be used as a notice board of the "registered personal
securities" thus not providing conclusive evidence of priority.[15]
The PPS Act has affected securities granted in regard to leases, hire purchase agreements, chattel
mortgages, floating and fixed charges, and to consignments of agreements and goods that
incorporate title retention among others. Another major feature of the PPS Act reform is perfection
to prioritize security interests over other related security interests through control, possession, and
registration.[16] For instance, contracts negotiability and assignability of contracts have been
changed and made more effective. The concept of security interest has been broadened to the extent
of including traditional securities such as mortgages and charges.[17] which will allow the
borrowers to be in a position to get funds. The

Audit and Party Transactions
April 21, 2003 The Enron Collapse Was Enron's collapse due to a failure in the standard setting
process? Why or why not? The Enron collapse was by no means due to a failure in the standard
setting process instead, the collapse resulted from Enron's fast growing rate and its highly "creative"
management team who at one point just lost control of the business. The company stopped doing
what it was known for doing best, energy generations, and began exploring and operating in a new
and unknown business segment and a new industry. The standard setting process was indeed
effective; however management kept finding ways to go around the system. Finally, the collapse can
also be attributed to management integrity and Andersen's failure to detect ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The SPEs financing should have been based on each SPEs own borrowing capacity and leverage
levels. Offering Enron's guarantee to creditors clearly eliminated the equity capitalization
requirements for non–consolidation. The company should have had measures in place, which
require additional approvals in regards to offering loan guarantees. How much reliance should
Enron's corporate BOD have placed on the Andersen in understanding the company's accounting
decisions and policies? Without a question the BOD should have placed a high degree of reliance on
Andersen, which at the time was one of the most prestigious worldwide accounting firms. The
auditors should have known the kind of accounting taking place in Enron. In my opinion, Andersen
knew, at least to some extent, the company's financial condition. However, Enron was already too
deep under water that blowing the whistle so late would have created problems for Andersen as
well. According to the case, on 02/05/01, Andersen held internal meeting during which it addressed
the company's accounting from and oversight of the LJM partnership. Andersen never discussed
these concerns with the Audit and Compliance Committee. Although the BOD has its faults, it
should have been able to rely on Andersen's work. When should auditors destroy documents and
information that

Procurement: the Transaction Costs Perspective in a...
TI 2007–091/3
Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper
Procurement
Frank A.G. den Butter
VU University Amsterdam, and Tinbergen Institute.
Tinbergen Institute
The Tinbergen Institute is the institute for
economic research of the Erasmus Universiteit Universiteit Amsterdam. Tinbergen Institute
Amsterdam Roetersstraat 31 The Netherlands Tel.: Fax: 1018 WB Amsterdam +31(0)20 551 3500
+31(0)20 551 3555
Rotterdam, Universiteit van Amsterdam, and Vrije
Tinbergen Institute Rotterdam Burg. Oudlaan 50 The Netherlands Tel.: Fax: 3062 PA Rotterdam
+31(0)10 408 8900 +31(0)10 408 9031
Most TI discussion papers can be downloaded at http://www.tinbergen.nl.
This version: 19 November 2007
Procurement: the transaction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Obviously purchase and sales play a prominent role in this orchestrating function. Against this
background this paper discusses how globalisation and the increasing importance of transaction
costs affect strategic decision making in supply chain management which is essential to
procurement. Here, in line with the Wikipedia definition, procurement is the acquisition of goods
and/or services at the best possible total cost of ownership (TCO), in the right quantity and quality,
at the right time, in the right place for the direct benefit or use of governments, corporations, or
individuals, generally via a contract. Simple procurement may involve nothing more than repeat

2
purchasing. Complex procurement could involve finding long term partners – or even 'co–destiny '
suppliers that might fundamentally commit one organization to another. Obviously, procurement
becomes a more vital element of value creation in economic activities, when (worldwide)
fragmentation of production increases. In a global market procurement decisions are directly linked
to sourcing strategies, so that procurement, in abroad sense, becomes an integral part of the general
management of an internationally operating company or organization. The next section (section 2)
discusses

Transaction Processing Systems ( Tps )
Transaction processing systems (TPS) provide data collection, storage, processing and outputting
functionalities for the core operations of a business. These functions are necessary for operational
managers. In that way the data generated by the TPS answers general business questions and to track
the flow of transactions throughout the business. TPS can keep track of such systems as payroll,
inventory, sales, shipping and other vital business systems. Business intelligence systems have quite
a few systems under their umbrella, they can sometimes be very involved as they identify, extract
and analyze data for various operational needs, principally for decision–making purposes. These
types of information systems may predict future sales patterns, or forecast sales. For example,
financial institutions use business intelligence systems to develop credit risk models that analyze the
number and extent of lending or credit given to various customers. These systems may use various
techniques and formulas to determine the probability of loan defaults.
The first of these systems is the Management information systems (MIS). MIS is a grouping of
systems that middle managers utilize to monitor and control the business and predict future
performance. These systems along with the information from the TPS produce reports that provide
managers with answers to routine questions that have been predetermined. The models that are used
are normally simple Decision–support systems (DSS)

Client Transaction Essay
Dave Deedan has recently gained majority ownership to Shoe Leonard's when previous business
owner passed away. Dave retains Andrew Haynus to draft a will for him. Before Haynus is finished
drafting the will he thinks of a great way to help Shoe Leonard's make even more money. Haynus
decides he is going to present Dave with a deal and offer $50,000.00 and would like some say in the
decision making process of the business. Haynus also remembers while he is there doing the work
he needs a new pair of loafers, so he plans on buying a new pair of shoes also. Haynus practices in a
state that has adopted the Model Rule 1.8. How does this rule apply to the two business transactions
Haynus wants to enter in with his client? Entering into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The requirements of Prof. Cond. R. 1.8(a) must be met even when the transaction is not closely
related to the subject matter of the representation, as when a lawyer drafting a will for a client learns
that the client needs money for unrelated expenses and offers to make a loan to the client. The Rule
applies to lawyers engaged in the sale of goods or services related to the practice of law, for
example, the sale of title insurance or investment services to existing clients of the lawyer's legal
practice. It also applies to lawyers purchasing property from estates they represent Prof. Cond. R.
1.8(a) does not apply to standard commercial transactions between the lawyer and the client for
products or services that the client generally markets to others, for example, banking or brokerage
services, medical services, products manufactured or distributed by the client, and utilities' services.
In such transactions, the lawyer has no advantage in dealing with the client, and the restrictions in
paragraph (a) are unnecessary and impracticable In order for Haynus to enter into a business
transaction with a client and ensure that the representation will not be compromised in any way.
Haynus must present the idea of the business plan in writing to his client; he has to make sure the
terms are reasonable and fair. The factors to be considered in determining reasonable and fair we
need

Information System Changed Ways Of Corporate Working
Information System Changed Ways of Corporate Working
Information technology refers to the use of computers, telecommunication, and related technologies
the gather, store, and process data into meaningful information that can be retrieved. Modern
businesses uses information technology to augment their processes in order to achieve cost
effectiveness and edge over rivals. Several information system vendors offers state of the art system
and equipment to deal with information and knowledge sharing needs of businesses. These
information systems are capable to easing operational burden which allow business to focus on other
organizational goals and objectives. Globalization, industrialization, international trade, and
business transformation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Information system can also enable workers across different hierarchies in organizational structure
to understand the common goals and objectives of the organization. A culture of advancement and
information sharing can boost the potentials of information system.
Organization, that has implement latest information system based on improve information
technological but do not possess the human skills to operate the system effective, would not able to
achieve its desired goals and objectives. In addition, culture of support and advancement would
support initiatives to achieve organizational objectives. Most important function of information
system is to sustain competitive advantage of organization by delivering organizational information
services. Organization determine trends of competitors and customers by employing competitive
intelligence. IS aims to enhance decision making quality along with change management, customer
relations and optimized efficiency.
Functions of Information System
It is interesting to consider that information management system works out specific problem of
organization. Likewise, particular functional department develops its own system or application in
accordance with its needs. For example, companies develop their dedicated information system
related to functional departments say accounting, finance, manufacturing, operations handling,
marketing and human

Information On Line Transaction Processing
ETL Overview
Within an enterprise there are various different applications and data sources which have to be
integrated together to enable Data Warehouse to provide strategic information to support decision–
making. On–line transaction processing (OLTP) and data warehouses cannot coexist efficiently in
the same database environment since the OLTP databases maintain current data in great detail
whereas data warehouses deal with lightly aggregated and historical data. Extraction,
Transformation, and Loading (ETL) processes are responsible for data integration from
heterogeneous sources into multidimensional schemata which are optimized for data access that
comes natural to human analyst. In an ETL process, first, the data are extracted from ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Incremental extraction: In this type of extraction only the changes made to the source systems
will be extracted with respect to the previous extraction. Change data capture (CDC) is mechanism
that uses incremental extraction.
There are two physical methods of extraction: Online extraction and Offline extraction. Online
extraction process of ETL connects to source system to extract the source tables or store them in a
preconfigured format in intermediary systems e.g., log tables. In Offline extraction the data
extracted is staged outside the source systems.
Transformation
The transform stage applies a series of rules or filters to the extracted data from to derive the data
for loading into the end target. An important function of transformation is the cleaning of data,
which process aims to pass only "proper" data to the target. one or more of the following
transformation types:
1. Selecting only certain columns to load.
2. Translating coded values and encoding free–form values.
4. Deriving a new calculated value.
5. Sorting.
6. Joining data from multiple sources and duplicating the data.
7. Aggregation and disaggregation.
9.Turning multiple columns into multiple rows or vice versa.
10. Splitting a column into multiple columns.
12. Lookup and validate the relevant data from tables or referential files for slowly

International Business And Management Of A Multinational...
Introduction
As the threshold of conducting business in foreign country becomes lower, it has been appealing to
turn a local company into a multinational corporation. By leveraging and gathering resources from
global platform, company will make leaping progress not only on profit, but also on brand building.
However, the moment a company begins to consider paving its way into foreign markets and goes
globally, it needs to take into consideration various kinds of transaction expenditure that rose in
trading. Therefore, it has been critical for company executives to understand and utilize the
Transaction Cost Theory (TCT) in order to find the most suitable method for company to supervise
and minimize the transaction costs. Through analysis into TCT, one can have a deep comprehension
on the extension of how multinational companies depend on each other, and how to choose between
centralized inner supervision (within company) and outer surveillance (market) so as to diminish
transaction costs.
This paper analyzes the reasons that lead to transaction costs, what is the meaning and how to apply
TCT in international business and management endeavor. Even though TCT is a renowned theory, it
still needs revision and enhancement. However, scholars put widely different perspectives on to
TCT theory scattering into diverse subjects, making the theory unable to receive progress as a
whole.
Article Review
It is known to all that managing business globally will give rise to various

IBM DB2 vs Oracle Essay
For this week's paper I have chosen to do a comparison between IBM's DB2 database management
system (DBMS) product and Oracle. Realistically, making such a comparison is akin to discussing
religion with friends. Each person will have their own biases based on their own experiences.
Looking for an unbiased opinion is much like looking for the Holy Grail, every bit as speculative
and subjective with the results jaundiced by the outlook of the reporter (Lim, 2002).
A decision between DB2 and Oracle should be based on what resources are available for use at the
site. Is there specific hardware or software already onsite that can or will be used in the installation,
if so this will have a major impact on the decision making process. Does the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Oracle 9i comes in three versions enterprise, standard, and personal. Oracle also requires the
following patch levels on Windows operating systems (OS) for installation; Windows NT, service
pack (sp) 5; Windows 2000, sp 1; Windows XP, none needed. Oracle 9i is also available for HP
AIX, Compaq Tru64 Unix, Linux, and Sun Solaris (Chigrik, 2003).
The DB2 Universal Database v8.1 comes in six flavors, DB2 Enterprise Server Edition, DB2
Workgroup Server Edition, DB2 Workgroup Server Unlimited Edition, DB2 Personal Edition, DB2
Universal Developers Edition, and DB2 Personal Developers Edition. The following patch levels are
required based on the Windows OS it is installed on. Windows NT, sp 6a; Windows 2000, sp 2 is
required for terminal services; Windows XP, none. As with Oracle, DB2 is also available for the
following UNIX based OS's, AIX, Linux, Sun Solaris, and adds support for HP UX (Chigrik, 2003).
Performing a flat out performance comparison between these two RDBMS is difficult mostly
because both can be used to build a stable and efficient system. Most of the difference in
performance can usually be traced back to the developer and the administrators for the respective
systems. But, that said, a direct comparison is possible once a set of typical transactions have been
defined, that can then be run under the different DBMS on different hardware and software
platforms (Chigrik, 2003).
In fact, this is what has been done by the

Reflection On Transaction
Transaction is a discourse between at least two individuals or gatherings planned to achieve a useful
result more than at least one issues where a contention exists as for no less than one of these issues.
This valuable result can be for the greater part of the gatherings included, or only for one or some of
them.
Presently a–days transparently overwhelming an arrangement has practically passed by the wayside.
An accentuation on tuning in and building an accommodating air is a more acknowledged arranging
style for the two ladies and men. When I was considering my tenth standard, in my schooldays one
of my instructor, her name is Savitri, she has proposed a few tenets which are extremely valuable to
every one of the understudies which resemble sports, physical activities and some nearby social
exercises in meeting, before meeting she talk about with my class. Be that as it may, in the meeting
every last bit of her partners and administration has restricted
her. Following two years similar guidelines where given by one of male workforce and these are
executed by same school, since he is male. This makes me and my group troubled. Prior to similar
principles where proposed yet it was not executed on the grounds that she is woman.
Furthermore, the second, I was labored for a long time in an organization the customer gave some
undertaking to my group. Right off the bat my group has done some plan and submitted to customer.
Work has begun and executing a similar outline.

Closing The Real Estate Transaction
Closing the Real Estate Transaction
Closing is the final step required to complete a real estate transaction. Depending on the location
and type of property certain guidelines or requirements may apply, however, there are many
common steps within the process. This paper will present the following terms and their relation to
closing: mortgage, escrow, the preliminary report and inspection. Depending on the state guidelines,
a closing can happen at a title company with an escrow officer or at an attorney's office. Once a
seller has officially accepted an offer they will agree on a closing date with the buyer. At the time of
closing, property ownership is transferred to the buyer.
What does a Mortgage Mean?
Mortgage lending is a major sector with the United States financial market today. "The modern
mortgage has only been around since the 1930s, but the idea of a mortgage has been around for a lot
longer." (History of Mortgages, 2016) The literal meaning of the word 'mortgage' has Latin roots:
'mort' or death and 'gage' or pledge. Translated it supports "the idea that the pledge died once the
loan was repaid, and also the idea that the property was 'dead' (or forfeit) if the loan wasn't repaid."
(History of Mortgages, 2016) A mortgage is an agreement for the terms of your home loan,
technically not the home loan itself. Real estate transactions require written documentation and this
is the purpose of a mortgage.
Most homeowners are not in a financial position

Relationship Selling And Transaction Selling
Chapter 1
Question 4: There is a difference between relationship selling and transaction selling. The book
defines relationship marketing as, "The process by which a firm builds long–term relationships with
customers for the purpose of creating mutual competitive advantages" (Stanton 9). As learned
throughout this chapter, relationship selling is very important for success. Relationship selling
allows the salespeople to understand customers needs and wants and allows them to provide
solutions. These solutions are value–added, which may be information and services as shared in the
book.
Some roles in relationship selling include retaining existing accounts, become the preferred supplier,
price for profit, manage each account for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In transaction selling, salespeople call on a large number of accounts and he or she does not focus on
building relationships with these customers. Salespeople involved in transaction selling, focus on
getting the sale. I feel that these salespeople focus solely on the price and try to fit the customer's
needs on the basis of cost to get the sale.
Stanton, William J., Rosann Spiro. Management of a Sales Force, 12th Edition. McGraw–Hill
Learning Solutions, 2012–11–02. VitalBook file.
Chapter 2
Question 5: Marketing people rely on salespeople, while salespeople rely on marketing people. In
marketing management there is a lack of communication between the two departments, marketing
and sales.
As learned in the chapter, the marketing department is responsible for developing a firm's marketing
strategy. This strategy includes decisions on how to promote, distribute, and price the products
(Stanton 45). The marketing department relies on the salespeople to determine the dependability. It
is vital that the salespeople communicate the marketing strategy. If something is not selling, letting
the marketing department know will allow them to make decisions and changes to the strategy.
Also, the salespeople work first hand with the customers and should know what is and is not
working for the customer. The salespeople should collect this information from the customers

The Uniform Electronic Transactions Act
The Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA) is one of the several United States Uniform Acts
proposed by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws to provide a legal
framework for the use of electronic signatures and records in government or business transactions.
UETA makes electronic records and signatures as legal as paper and manually signed signatures.
Approved by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1999, Forty–
seven states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands have adopted the Uniform
Electronic Transactions Act (UETA) Washington, Illinois, New York have not adopted the act.
◦Washington: Residents of Washington State are protected by the state's ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(c) If a law requires a record to be in writing, an electronic record satisfies the law. (d) If a law
requires a signature, an electronic signature satisfies the law. Section 8 provides that the information
be available to all parties. Section 9 discusses the attribution and effect of electronic record and
electronic signatures (a) An electronic record or electronic signature is attributable to a person if it
was the act of the person. The act of the person may be shown in any manner, including a showing
of the efficacy of any security procedure applied to determine the person to which the electronic
record or electronic signature was attributable. (b) The effect of an electronic record or electronic
signature attributed to a person under subsection (a) is determined from the context and surrounding
circumstances at the time of its creation, execution, or adoption, including the parties' agreement, if
any, and otherwise as provided by law. Section 10 defines the conditions if a change or error in an
electronic record occurs in a transmission between parties to a transaction Section 11 This Section
permits a notary public and other authorized officers to act electronically, effectively removing the
stamp/seal requirements. Section 13 "In a proceeding, evidence of a record or signature may not be
excluded solely because it is in electronic

Hall 5e Reviewer Chp1
Chapter 1–The Information System: An Accountant's Perspective
TRUE/FALSE
1. Information is a business resource.
ANS: T
2. An information system is an example of a natural system.
ANS: F
3. Transaction processing systems convert non–financial transactions into financial transactions.
ANS: F
4. Information lacking reliability may still have value.
ANS: F
5. A balance sheet prepared in conformity with GAAP is an example of discretionary reporting.
ANS: F
6. The Management Reporting System provides the internal financial information needed to manage
a business.
ANS: T
7. Most of the inputs to the General Ledger System come from the Financial Reporting System.
ANS: F
8. When preparing discretionary reports, organizations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
FRS reports are prepared using information provided by the General Ledger System; the MRS

provides information to the General Ledger System
d.
FRS reports are prepared in flexible, nonstandardized formats; the MRS reports are prepared in
standardized, formal formats
ANS: A
10. The purpose of the Transaction Processing System includes all of the following except
a.
converting economic events into financial transactions
b.
recording financial transactions in the accounting records
c.
distributing essential information to operations personnel to support their daily operations
d.
measuring and reporting the status of financial resources and the changes in those resources
ANS: D
11. The Transaction Processing System includes all of the following cycles except
a.
the revenue cycle
b.
the administrative cycle
c.
the expenditure cycle
d.
the conversion cycle
ANS: B
12. The primary input to the Transaction Processing System is
a.
a financial transaction
b.
an accounting record
c.
an accounting report
d.
a nonfinancial transaction
ANS: A
13. When designing the data collection activity, which type of data should be avoided?
a.
data that is relevant

b.
data that is efficient
c.
data that is redundant
d.
data that is accurate
ANS: C
14. The most basic element of useful data in the database is
a.
the record
b.
the key
c.
the file
d.
the attribute
ANS: D
15. In a database, a complete set of attributes for a single occurrence of an entity class is called
a.

Essay on Information Systems Proposal
Information Systems Proposal Paper
Lorelei Arroyo–Alba
BIS220
Introduction to Computer Application and Systems
November 14, 2011
Joseph Lewis Aguirre
Integrating certain information systems within a business organization will not only prove for a
faster more efficient workplace but will also improve the bottom line for company growth. Even
though there are numerous information systems that can be implemented and utilized to improve the
growth and expansion of the company, there are five information systems that the company should
focus on employing: office automation system, supply chain management system, management
information system, electronic commerce system, and transaction processing system. The
recommended information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The PowerPoint capability will also help managers in conducting presentations for training
purposes. Essentially, an OAS will "focus on making managers and professionals more productive
and effective," (Gremillian and Pyburn, 1985, p 6, para 2). The only drawback in using this system
would be making sure that managers and employees stay up–to–date with the information provided
in emails and calendars. The next proposed information system for the business is the supply chain
management system. In a nutshell, this system would mostly consist of inventory control and
operations. The benefit of this system would allow the company to request specific products based
on the needs of the customers. Employees would be able to familiarize themselves with the sending
and receiving of inventory and learning about quality control. The only disadvantage to this system
would be providing low quality materials for customers, which results in product returns causing
churn. The fourth information system to be utilized in growth of a new company is the electronic
commerce system, also known as ecommerce. This system will provide access for the company to
reach out into the global market keeping geographical limitations to a minimum, which in turn can
cause growth and expansion. Ecommerce also enables small, up–and–coming businesses, as well as
customers, to sell or purchase products through the global market, (Bora, C., n,d). One downside to
ecommerce is that customers may

The Essentials Of The Requirements For Secured Transactions
I wanted to reach out the team today and go over the requirements for Secured Transactions and to
be sure that all team members of the business are aware of what it is and how to create one. Secure
Transactions will help to ensure that we as a business will be able to recover our interest if any client
defaults on a credit obligation to the business. While the Secured Transactions help both parties, we
should be very cautious in entering any agreements that are not secured or have not been fully
perfected and understand the risk associated. There are 6 key terms that the business should be
familiar with when entering into secured agreements with consumers (business and personal
consumers). They are Secured Transactions, Debtor, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To create the Security Transaction, the creditor will need to 1) create a written authenticated security
agreement that clearly describes the collateral subject to the security interest 2) The secured party
must give the debtor something of value and 3) The debtor must have rights in the collateral. These
three things should be clearly defined in the Security Agreement so that both parties understand the
condition of the transaction. If more than one creditor has a security interest in the same collateral,
both companies may not recover the debt from the debtors in cases of bankruptcy where a third
party may have their debts satisfied from the same collateral. One way to avoid this is to perfect the
agreement which is the legal process that secured parties protect themselves against third party
claims to have their debts satisfied from the same collateral. One of the most common ways to
perfect a secured transaction is perfection by filling. This is when a debtor files a financing
statement with the appropriate government office. By filing with the government office, this will be
satisfactory in notifying the public of the Security Interest in the collateral. Another form of
perfection is perfection by possession where a debtor transfers the collateral to the creditors
possession. When the debt is paid off, the collateral is then returned to the debtor. Another common
perfection method is by

The Purpose And Purpose Of Beerings Bank
1. Purpose & Scope.
1.1 Purpose.
The purpose of this Policy Statement (PS), is to examine guidelines and best practices in external
corporate governance on behalf of Beerings Bank Plc (BBP), and provide guidance to BBP on how
they can best use there investment/shareholding as leverage to influence & align corporate
management policy with that of BBP's investment strategy policy.
This PS acts as a strategic guide to the planning and implementation of a corporate governance
policy, focusing primarily on three options. These are as follows, Shareholder Activism, Transaction
Cost Theory and Incentive Schemes.
Each of the three options will be assessed as follows, the associated returns of a given governance
option, the associated risks of a governance option, and how such an option ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Cooperate Governance & Control Options.
3.1 Shareholder Activism.
Shareholder activism is a concept of an investors ability to influence management of a company that
he or she may hold an investment in, with the benefit of this activity been to deter poor governance
that may have a long–term effect to the profitability of a companies shareholders.
3.1.1 Overview
Since the mid–1990s institutional investors make up approximately 60% of ordinary shares in the
UK stock market. This is a prime indicator of how the number of shares in company is now split
over a much smaller number of shareholders, which hold a much greater number of shares.
This is an important observation, as the ratio of ownership in terms of shareholders in a company
effects how shareholder activism can alter the management and development of a corporation.
The result of a smaller number of share holders, with greater amount of shares strengthens the
effects of shareholder activism, as with a smaller number of shareholders it is easier to get a

coherent approach to developing/influencing mechanisms in which to improve the value of shares
held by a shareholder in the company.
3.1.2 Associated

William Zinsser's The Transaction
When reading "The Transaction" I found myself relating to both men but in different instances.
While Dr. Brock seems to enjoy writing as a means of 'letting go', it seems William Zinsser does it
primarily for professional reasons rather than for a sense of enjoyment. Personally, I find myself
writing for both ways and seeing the task of writing relatably to both Dr. Brock and William Zinsser.
For example, when I am at home and am writing stories or writing casually about something I'm
interested in, I usually enjoy it and find it relatively easy. When I'm writing a story and run out of
ideas I usually let it sit a couple of days until I come up with something new– just as Dr. Brock does.
However, when I'm writing a research paper or an essay/assignment

Advantages And Disadvantages Of DDBMS
Contents:
1. Classification of DDBMS
2. Distributed Database Architecture
Introduction
Distributed database brings the advantages of distributed computing to the database management
domain. A distributed computing system consists of the number of processing elements that are
connected in the computer network which performing certain tasks.
Classification of DDBMS:
1. Distributed Fragmentation and Replication
2. Degree of homogeneity/Heterogeneity
3. Degree of autonomy
4. Degree of Distribution transparencies
5. DDBMS query processing and optimization
6. DDBMS concurrent control
7. DDBMS Transaction processing
Distributed Database Architecture
Database is distributed at the DBMS
In a distributed database system (DDS), multiple Database Management Systems run on multiple
servers (sites or nodes) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This copy of the data item is where all locks are applied. The concurrency controller should look to
this copy to determine if any locks are held.
Several variations of distinguished copy:
1. All distinguished copies reside on the same node: Primary Site
2. Distinguished copies may reside on different sites: Primary Copy
There are problems with this approach: o What if the primary site fails or if the node where the
primary copy resides fails? o One solution is to designate a backup site that will automatically take
over. o Another solution is to "elect" a new primary site/copy.
Another overall approach (aside from distinguished copy), is to use a Voting protocol: To lock a data
item:
0. Send a message to all nodes that maintain a replica of this item.
1. If a node can safely lock the item, then vote "Yes", otherwise, vote "No".
2. If a majority of participating nodes vote "Yes" then the lock is granted.

3. Send the results of the vote back out to all participating sites.
With the voting approach, nodes can fail and recover while allowing transaction processing to

Advantages And Disadvantages Of BFSI Management
DLT–DRIVEN BFSI TECHNOLOGICAL CONVENTIONS INTRODUCTION Globally, the BFSI
sector is of immense prominence to the world economy as it generates over a third of global service
sector revenues. BFSI is standard–industry terminology for Banking, Financial Services &
Insurance, that spans across companies and banks that provide a wide range of financial products &
services, other than transaction settlement. Today, banks are being challenged over banking the
unbanked, credit disbursement, increasing number of non–performing assets, technological hurdles,
risk management and contingency planning... etc. Similarly, Insurance and other financial services
are facing challenges such as rural market penetration, pricing risks, transaction settlement issues, ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The chain is a timeline of all transaction blocks as discussed above. This chain itself is a ledger that
records in real–time all events associated with the block and makes it publicly visible. A new block
can be added to the chain only when one of the network nodes (participant) successfully solves a
complex mathematical problem that often requires high computing power, and gains the right to add
the next block. These complex, algorithm–rich computations can also be called as proof–of–
work/stake computations, which make blockchain almost Sybil–resistant, and its decentralized
nature gives it a high–level of 'Byzantine Fault Tolerance'. Complex, algorithm–rich proof–of–work
computations also act as the 'consensus mechanism' that ensures a high–level of data integrity to the
transactions on blockchain and reduces chances of falsified entries. People who use high–
computational power to solve proof–of–work computations and add the blocks to the chain are
called miners in blockchain; they are also the network nodes. To briefly anatomize blockchain
transactions, transactions are initially encrypted and added to an online ledger. It is further sent into
the blockchain network where network nodes take them up in a block and solve complex proof–of–
work computations to add the next block onto the

OIG: A Case Study
The Position of the OIG The OIG contends that the Individual intentionally violated the SNAP
program regulations, nine (9) occasions during the period of April 19, 2013 through March 14,
2014, by debiting her SNAP card in exchange for cash or non–food items through a vendor known
as P & C Deli. The total amount of the violating SNAP transactions was $1,390.66. The Department
is seeking recoupment of this amount and requesting that a twelve (12) month disqualification
period from the SNAP program be imposed. The OIG Representative called IMCWS, JG from the
Philadelphia County Assistance Office, as her first witness. He testified that he has received initial
training and periodically receives ongoing training in his position as IMCWS. His ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is an analysis of all of the approved transactions completed in the EBT system for the vendor P
& C Deli. The store average was determined by calculating all of the approved SNAP transaction
amounts and dividing them by the amount of transactions made during that period. There were 7,458
transactions made during the trafficking period. The dollar amount of the total transactions made in
P & C Deli during April 1, 2013 through March 31, 2014 was $124,663.17. In the OIG Store
Analysis, the transactions were broken down into average transaction amount ranges from .01 to
$25.00 to $100.01 to $318.19. 3.3% of the store's transactions fell into the highest range; all nine (9)
of the Individual's transactions fell into this 3.3 % range. The OIG argues that this is another
indication of the Individual's involvement in SNAP

What Makes A Business Transaction?
A business transaction involves one selling a product to someone that wants or needs it as a business
or personal asset. A mutual agreement is reached on the price, and at some point, the product
exchanges hand either directly or indirectly through some means of transferring or transporting. As
the firm grows locally, nationally, or internationally, transportation and distribution assistance is
required to meet consumer demands. Here is where the demand for transportation and logistics
begins with a business that may involve importing and exporting supplies required for production,
and ends with a consumer receiving products purchased. (Dowlatshahi, 2010), describes inbound
and outbound transportation performance as simply achieving scheduled delivery times which
displays the firm's commitment to satisfy consumer expectations. The transportation and logistics
industry has specific features and resources designed to meet any consumer shipping needs. This
requires strongest competitors to harvest a strategic approach to maximize opportunities to work
with all customers, and showcase the values offered by the firm and the industry. This methodology
is one that is intended to build or strengthen a brand, and retain and attract new consumers. "In order
to attract customers and make them pay the price of the product, the company should be good at
understanding what customers' needs and requirements are, and produce products that really want"
(Attia & Hooley, 2007, p. 95).

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Distributed Database Systems
This paper discussed the Distributed database systems which are systems that have their data
distributed and replicated over several locations; unlike the centralized data base system, where one
copy of the data is stored in one location. the Distributed database system has many advantages:
1. Availability of the data in case of failure.
2. Parallelism: queries may be processed by several nodes in parallel.
3. Reduced data transfer.
It also has some disadvantages:
1. A distributed system usually exhibits more complexity and cost more than a centralized one.
2. Handling security across several locations is more complicated.
Types of DDBMS:
1– Homogeneous DDBMS
a. All sites use same DBMS product (eg. Oracle)
b. Fairly easy to design and manage. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Communication Failures: failures in the communication system between two or more sites.
The 2–phase commit (2PC) protocol:
The major issue in building a distributed database system is the transactions atomicity. When a
transaction runs across into two sites, it may happen that one site may commit and other one may
fail due to an inconsistent state of transaction. Two–phase commit protocol is widely used to solve
this.
The 2–phase commit (2PC) protocol is a distributed algorithm to ensure the consistent termination
of a transaction in a distributed environment.
This protocol has two phases, the prepare and the commit phase. The protocol is executed by a
coordinator process, while the participating servers are called participants. When the transaction's
initiator issues a request to commit the transaction, the coordinator starts the first phase.
The coordinator initiates the first phase of the protocol by sending PREPARE messages in parallel to
all the participants. Each participant that is ready to commit first force writes a prepare log record to
its local stable storage and then sends a YES vote to the coordinator. On the other hand, each
participant that decides to abort force–writes an abort log record and sends a NO vote to the

Cis515
DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR FOR DEPARMENT STORE
CIS 515–Strategic Planning Of Database Systems
Potential sales and department store transactions stored within the database.
Following the successful expansion of the retail environment to several new stores there is a clear
need for an enterprise wide relational database especially with the envisaged increase in sales as a
result of current marketing activity.
There are several important steps to consider when designing a database, as a well–designed
database should be deployed and not only support the accuracy and integrity of business information
but also avoid redundant data and assist with has enterprise level reporting tasked. If we analyze the
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At the highest level it is fairly easy to state that Sales happen in a Store, Customers buy Products
and Products are sold to Customers but this does not accurately define the cardinality of each
relationship which, shows the numeric quantity on each side of the relationship. For example, how
many sales take place in one store?
Following this procedure through we can arrive at a list which shows a detailed breakdown of the
relationships, and as we have 6 entities there should be a total of 30 relationships as each entity will
have a relationship with every other entity (5 each).
Customers ⋄ Sales: 1 customer can buy something several times
Sales ⋄ Customers: 1 sale is made per customer
Customers ⋄ Products: 1 customer can buy multiple products
Products ⋄Customers: 1 product can be purchased by multiple customers
Customers ⋄ Stores: 1 customer can purchase in multiple shops
Stores ⋄ Customers: 1 store can service multiple customers
Stores ⋄ Products: 1 store has multiple products
Products ⋄ Stores: 1 product can be sold in multiple stores

Stores ⋄ Sales: in 1 store multiple sales can be made
Sales ⋄ Stores: 1 sale can only be made in 1 store at the same time
Products ⋄ Sales: 1 product can

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