THE ARCHITECTS OF GREEN REVOLUTION; 1.Dr.Norman Borlaug 2. Chidambaram Subramaniam 3.M.S.Swaminathan.

1. PRESENTED BY
PATEL MILINDKUMAR M
100210125117
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
GEC-BHAVNAGAR

2. THE ARCHITECTS OF GREEN
REVELUTION

3. THE ARCHITECTS OF GREEN REVELUTION :-
1.Dr.Norman Borlaug:-
(1914-2009)
2.Chidambaram Subramaniam:-
(1910-2000)
3. M.S.Swaminathan:-
(1925- till now)

4. NORMAN BORLAUG :-

5. 1.Dr.Norman Borlaug:- (1914-2009
Norman Ernest Borlaug was an American agronomist, humanitarian and Nobel
laureate who has been called "the father of the Green Revolution", "agriculture's
greatest spokesperson"
and "The Man Who Saved A Billion Lives".
 Born : March 25, 1914, Cresco, Iowa, United States
 Died : September 12, 2009, Dallas, Texas, United States
 Nationality : American
 Education : University of Minnesota
 Awards : Nobel Peace Prize, Congressional Gold Medal, More

6. Dr . Norman Borlaug :-
Norman Ernest Borlaug, (born March 25, 1914, Cresco, Iowa,
U.S.—died Sept. 12, 2009, Dallas, Texas), American agricultural
scientist, plant pathologist, and winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace in
1970. He was one of those who laid the groundwork of the so-called
Green Revolution, the agricultural technological advance that
promised to alleviate world hunger.

7. Dr. Norman Borlaug Studies :-
Borlaug studied plant biology and forestry at the University
of Minnesota and earned a Ph.D. in plant pathology there
in 1941. From 1944 to 1960 he served as a research
scientist at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Cooperative
Mexican Agricultural Program in Mexico. Borlaug’s work
was founded on earlier discoveries of ways to induce
genetic mutations in plants. These methods led to modern
plant breeding, with momentous results that included the
tailoring of crop varieties for regions of climatic extremes.
At a research station at Campo Atizapan he developed
strains of grain that dramatically increased crop yields.
Borlaug ultimately developed short-stemmed
("dwarf") wheat, a key element in the Green Revolution in
developing countries.

8. FATHER OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION:-
The Green Revolution resulted in increased production
of food grains (especially wheat and rice) and was in large part
due to the introduction into developing countries of new, high-yielding
varieties, beginning in the mid-20th century with
Borlaug’s work. Its early dramatic successes were in Mexico
and on the Indian subcontinent. Wheat production in Mexico
multiplied threefold in the time that Borlaug worked with the
Mexican government. In addition, dwarf wheat imported in the
mid-1960s was responsible for a 60 percent increase in
harvests in Pakistan and India. Borlaug also created a wheat-rye
hybrid known as triticale. The increased yields resulting from
Borlaug’s new strains enabled many developing countries to
become agriculturally self-sufficient. However, since their
introduction, those varieties were discovered to require large
amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce their
high yields, raising concerns about cost and potentially harmful
environmental effects. As a result, newer varieties of food
grains, which are not only high-yielding but also resistant to
local pests and diseases, have been developed.

9. Normans Works And
Contribution :-
Borlaug served as director of the Inter-American Food
Crop Program (1960–63) and as director of the
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center,
Mexico City, from 1964 to 1979. In 1986 Borlaug
created the World Food Prize as a way to honor
individuals who have contributed to improving the
availability and quality of food worldwide. In constant
demand as a consultant, Borlaug served on
numerous committees and advisory panels on
agriculture, population control, and renewable
resources. He also taught at Texas A&M University
(1984–2009), where the Norman Borlaug Institute for
International Agriculture was established in 2006. His
numerous other honors include the Presidential
Medal of Freedom (1977) and the Congressional
Gold Medal (2007).

10. GREAT PERSONOLITY :-

11. CHIDAMBARAM SUBRAMANIAM :-

12. Chidambaram Subramaniam:-
(1910-2000)
 Born On : January 30, 1910
 Born In : Senguttaipalayam, Tamil Nadu
 Died On : November 7, 2000
 Career : Freedom Fighter, Political Leader
 Nationality : Indian

13. INTRODUCTION:-
 Ministers are elected to the cabinets. They come, serve the term, and are elected
again for yet another cabinet. Very few are able to justify their positions by
contributing to the concerned ministry that they are appointed for. One such
honorable and commendable minister was Chidambaram Subramaniam who, as a
food minister, transformed the nation into a self-productive factory of wheat.
Popularly known as the political architect of the "green revolution" in India,
Subramaniam utilized his formidable skills in spreading the use of a new variety
of wheat to millions of farmers, making India capable of harvesting wheat on
homeland rather than importing. Besides, he was successful in supporting a new
program for selling hybrid seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides at heavy subsidized
rates. With this, Subramaniam gave India what it had been dreaming since long -
green revolution.

14. Early Life:-
 Early Life Chidambaram Subramaniam was born to
Chidambara Goudner and his wife in a village named
Senguttaipalayam near Coimbatore district, in the
present state of Tamil Nadu. After completing his early
education in Pollachi, he went to Chennai to take
admission in Presidency College to pursue a bachelor's
degree in physics. Thereafter, he studied law at Law
College in Chennai.

15. Political Career :-
 In 1952, Subramaniam began his political career, after being trained in the basics
of politics and administration under Rajaji. He started off as a Minister of
Education, Law and Finance in Madras State from 1952 to 1962. With this, he
served as the leader in Madras Legislative Assembly for 10 years. He was, then,
elected in Lok Sabha in 1962 and appointed as Minister for Steel and Mines.
Eventually, he was given diverse portfolios to handle, like Agriculture in 1965,
followed by finance and defense later on. With the Congress Party undergoing the
split crisis in 1969, Subramaniam chose to side Indira Gandhi and hence, became
the interim president of the party headed by her. He supported her during the
Emergency period and served as the Finance Minister in the central government.

16. Position in the Government:-
 However, he chose to part ways with her post-Emergency and joined
Congress (Urs) Party, headed by Devraj Urs. He was also designated as the
Deputy Chairperson of the Planning Commission of India during 1971-72.
In 1990, he became the Governor of Maharashtra and conducted frequent
meetings with leading academics, industrialists, representatives of non-governmental
organizations, and prominent citizens on critical issues of the
society, thereby transforming the Raj Bhavan into a common activity zone.
But to his dismay, he was forced to resign after newspaper reporter
overheard and reported that he criticized the working style of the then
Prime Minister of India, P.V. Narasimha Rao.

17. Contributions to India
 Prior to joining full-fledged politics, Subramaniam plunged into the
freedom struggle strongly and was even imprisoned for his active
participation. Later on, he was elected to the Constituent Assembly and
was also involved in structuring the Constitution of India. Amongst all his
achievements and contributions, his best accomplishment has been the
development of India's agricultural policy. After convincing the then Prime
Minister of India, Lal Bahadur Shastri, and implementing the program,
India was able to deliver a record production of wheat in 1972. This proved
to be a major accomplishment of the Indian Green Revolution.

18. Awarded Bharat Ratna to
 He was further involved in introducing high-yielding varieties of
seeds and more intensive application of fertilizers which gave way for
increasing the output of cereals in the late 1960s. He founded the
National Agro Foundation at Chennai and Bharathidasan Institute of
Management at Tiruchirappalli. Amongst all the proteges that
Subramaniam produced, the most prominent include M.S.
Swaminathan, former Agriculture Secretary B. Sivaraman, and
Verghese Kurien. In 1998, he was conferred upon with the highest
civilian award in India, Bharat Ratna.

19. Death :-
 Chidambaram Subramaniam died on November 7, 2000 in
Chennai, thereby ending the golden era of green revolution
with him. He was 90.

20. Timeline:-
 1910 : Born in Senguttaipalayam, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
1952-62 : Served as Minister of Education, Law and Finance in Madras
State
1962 : Elected to Lok Sabha and became Minister of Steel and Mines
1965 : Appointed as Minister of Agriculture and handled the Green
Revolution
1969 : Supported Indira Gandhi on the split of Congress Party
1971-72 : Became Deputy Chairperson of the Planning Commission of India
1975 : Served as Finance Minister during Emergency
1990 : Appointed as Governor of Maharashtra
1998 : Honored with Bharat Ratna Award
2000 : Died on November 7 in Chennai, aged 90.

21. M.S.SWAMINATHAN :-

22. 3. M. S. Swaminathan :- (1925- till now)
Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan is an Indian
agriculture scientist,
Born in August 7, 1925, in Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu.
He was the second of four sons of a surgeon. His
ancestral home is the island village of Monkompu,
Alleppey District, Kerala. He is known as the "Father
of the
Green Revolution in India" , for his leadership and
success in introducing and further developing high-yielding
varieties of wheat in India. He is the
founder and Chairman of the MS Swaminathan
Research
Foundation. His stated vision is to rid the world of
hunger and poverty. Dr. Swaminathan is an advocate
of
moving India to sustainable development, especially

23. Contribution towards Green
Revolution:-
A renowned scientist-statesman, Professor M S
Swaminathan brings to his work the compassion of a
humanist, critical and exploratory ability of a scientist and
the philosophy vision of a planetary citizen.
His scientific research for food and nutrition security has
the overarching commitment to ecological preservation,
poverty eradication, empowerment of women, social
equity and above all promotion of human and moral
values.
Mahatma Gandhi's concepts of sarvodaya and antyodaya
remain central to his scientific work.
Dr Anwarl Dil's book outlines his outstanding contributions
to the success of the green revolution and his efforts to
transform it to an ever-green revolution by making it pro-nature,
pro-women and pro-poor

24. M.S. Swaminathan is known as father of
India's
2nd green revolution
M.S Swaminathan is known as father of India's 2nd
green revolution. The year 2004 is some what termed
as 2nd green revolution in India, it is also known as
Rainbow revolution.
It mainly deals with increase in production of next
generation food grains The GOI as a effort to make
2nd green revolution implemented following
programmes
a) National horticulture mission-2005(objective):
doubling of horticulture production ie 300 million
tonne
b) Rashtriya krishi vikas yojana-2007(objective):
increase in 4% of agricultural growth c) National
food security mission-2007(objective: rice by 10
million tonne, wheat by 8 million tonne and
pulses by 2million tonne) However a full fledged
2nd green revolution has still not been able to be
achieved.

25. M.S.SWAMINATHAN’S POSITION AND TRIUTES :-
Swaminathan has been recognized with a number of national and international
awards, including Padma Shri (1967), Padma Bhushan (1972), Padma Vibhushan
(1989), the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership (1971), and the
Albert Einstein World Award on Science (1986). He was the first laureate of the World
Food Prize (1987) that is regarded as the Nobel Prize in Agriculture. Currently
Swaminathan holds the UNESCO Chair in Ecotechnology at the M. S. Swaminathan
Research Foundation (MSSRF), Chennai, which he set up with funds from the World
Food Prize. At present he is also a nominated Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha)

26. HAVE A NICE DAY !!!!