1. 过去式，过去时态
【过去式】1、表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；
2、过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和
性格。
【过去时态】表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。
【过去时态结构】指的是过去时态下的动词形式的语法构成。
【过去时态结构基本形式】
1、主语+动词过去式+其他；
2、否定形式
① was/were+not;
②在行为动词前加 didn't，同时还原行为动词；一般疑问句 Did+主
语+do+其他。
概念：表示过去的动作或事件。
A:What did you do last weekend?
B:I played football.
A:Did you read books?
B:Yes,I did.
构成
用法：

2. （ 1）
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般
过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day
before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状
语。I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。I went
to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。
（ 2）
一般过去时态：表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语
动词要用一般过去式。
时间标志：yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, last month（上
个月）, last year（去年）, two months ago（两个月前）, the day
before yesterday（前天），in 1990 (在 1990 年), in those days （在那
些日子里）等表示过去的时间状语。
如 ：
I was born in 1990. (我出生在 1990 年)。
When did you go to the park? （你是什么时候去的公园）。
I went to the park last week. （我是上周去的公园）
在上面的句子中第一句属于 be 动词的一般过去时态；
第二句和第三句属于实义动词 go 的一般过去时态。
1 带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时

3. 如：yesterday（昨天）、two days ago…（两天前…… ）、last year…
（去年…）、 other day（前几天）、
the once upon a time（很久以前）、
just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里）、before
liberation（解放前…）、When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时…）、at+
一个时间点
Did you have a party the other day？
Lei Feng was a good soldier. 在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。
2 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时
这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and
then died.
3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作
常与 always，never 等连用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一
把伞。
（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞。
（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞）
Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.
彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。（表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦）
I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。 （不涉及到现在，不说明现在
是否喝酒）

4. 4 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做，而现在
不那样做了)
He used to drink. 他过去喝酒。
（意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了）
I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步。
（意味着现在不在早晨散步了）
I took a walk in the morning. 我曾经在早晨散过步。
（只是说明过去这一动作）
5 有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过
去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学
生往往出错，要特别注意！
I didn''t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。
（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，
所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are
here.）
I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。
（这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）

5. 十六种时态
一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时；
现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时；
现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；
现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行
时
一、 一般现在时：
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year,
month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称
单数形式）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加
don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首；用助动词 do 提问，如主语为第三人
称单数，则用 does，同时，还原行为动词。
6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时：
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、
行为。

6. 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last
week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one
day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be 动词；行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加 didn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首；用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问，
同时还原行为动词。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时：
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首。
6.例句： How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时：
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动
词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

7. 3.基本结构：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 放于句首。
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时：
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去
已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句：have 或 has。
6.例句：I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 过去完成时：
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去
某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句：had 放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

8. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时：
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few
minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加 didn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：be 放于句首；will/shall 提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时：
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following
month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .

9. 九.将来完成时：
1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+
从句（将来）
3.基本结构：be going to/will/shall + have done
十.现在完成进行时:
1.概念：在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止
2.基本结构：have/has +been+doing
动词时态和语态
1. When I saw Mary, she ______ on the piano.
A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played
2. She ______ the door before she goes away.
A. had locked B. is locking C. has locked. D. was locking.
3. A hunter is a man who ______ animals.
A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching
4. What _____ if I drink this?
A. happens B. is happening C. will happen D. is happened
5. I will visit you if Father ______ me.
A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let
6. Look out! That tree _____ fall down.
A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would
7. My uncle _____ to see me. He'll be here soon.

10. A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came
8. They can't leave until they _____ their work.
A. did B. are doing C. have done D. has done
9 . "Has he seen this film?" " Yes. He ______ it several days
ago. "
A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing
10. Now Mike isn't here. He ______ Mr Green's. Perhaps he
______ back in a few minutes.
A. went to; is coming B. has gone to; will come
C. has been to; will be D. is going to; has come
11. That day he ._______ his clothes before he came to see
me.
A. has washed B. washed C. had been washing D. was
washed
12. I haven't finished my composition. I ______ for two hours
and a half.
A. have written it B. have been writing it
C. wrote it D. am writting it
13. I will take my daughter with me when I _____ ShangHai,
A. go to B. will go to C. have been to D. have gone to
14. This bright girl ______ the truth in front of the enemy.
A. didn't say B. couldn't speak to C. said D. didn't tell
15. The bridge which ______ last year looks really beautiful.

11. A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built
16. " When ______ school begin?" " Next Monday. "
A. has B. does C. did D. is going to
17. I will ______ here till you give me some money.
A. leave B. not leave C. come D. return
18. I _____ here since I moved here.
A. will work B. worked C. work D. have been working
19. Every time I _____ there, I will buy him something nice.
A. went B. will go C. go D. have gone
20. It was said that his father ______.A. has died B. died. C.
has been dead D. had died