Kyoto_2007.ppt
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This document discusses bainitic steels, including: 1. It describes the microstructural differences between upper and lower bainite, which form at different temperatures, and the mechanisms of their formation. 2. It explores the nucleation of bainite and how it relates to the partitioning of carbon, as well as theories on the kinetics and thermodynamics of bainite transformation. 3. It presents research on developing "superior" bainitic steels with very fine microstructures, high strength, and ductility through careful alloy design and low-temperature transformation.
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Las 5S es una práctica de calidad japonesa para el mantenimiento integral de una empresa que incluye la clasificación y organización de elementos en el lugar de trabajo, limpieza y mantenimiento de la higiene, y compromiso con la disciplina. Aplicar las 5S mejora la calidad, elimina tiempos muertos, reduce costos, aumenta la productividad, crea un mejor ambiente laboral, y genera mayores beneficios para la empresa y sus empleados.
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Este documento trata sobre la gestión de la calidad. Define calidad como el conjunto de propiedades y características de un producto o servicio que le confieren su aptitud para satisfacer las necesidades del cliente. Explica diferentes modelos de calidad como el control de calidad, la garantía de calidad y la calidad total. Resalta la importancia de identificar las necesidades del cliente y establecer sistemas de gestión de calidad para mejorar continuamente la satisfacción del cliente.
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3758342.ppt
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Este documento describe diferentes tipos de fundiciones clasificadas según su microestructura. Incluye fundición blanca, gris, nodular y maleable. Explica que las fundiciones contienen hierro, carbono y silicio, y que el carbono puede encontrarse como cementita o grafito. También cubre los efectos de los elementos de aleación y las propiedades generales de las fundiciones.
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Este documento describe los diferentes tipos de metales utilizados en ingeniería. Explica que los metales se clasifican en ferrosos, que contienen hierro, y no ferrosos, que no lo contienen. Dentro de los ferrosos se encuentran los aceros y hierros fundidos, mientras que los no ferrosos incluyen aleaciones de aluminio, cobre, zinc y magnesio. También describe los diagramas de fase y microestructura de los aceros, así como su designación y aplicaciones comunes.
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El documento presenta una lista de temas relacionados con metalurgia y materiales, incluyendo la manufactura de hierro y acero, tratamientos térmicos y termoquímicos, aceros aleados, aceros inoxidables, aceros para herramientas, metales no ferrosos como titanio, aluminio, cobre y sus aleaciones, magnesio, níquel, estaño y plomo, y aleaciones para cojinetes. También cubre temas sobre metales a altas y bajas temperaturas, metalurgia de polvos, desgaste y rep
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Este documento trata sobre los conocimientos generales de materiales. Explica conceptos clave como estructuras atómicas, microestructuras, materiales compuestos y tecnología de materiales. También cubre temas como defectos en materiales, propiedades de los materiales metálicos, cerámicos y plásticos, y procesos de fabricación primaria y secundaria como fundición, laminación y forjado.
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Este documento describe el diagrama de Ishikawa o diagrama causa-efecto. Fue creado por Kaoru Ishikawa en 1953 para agrupar y visualizar las razones subyacentes a un problema o resultado que se desea mejorar. Explica tres métodos para construir el diagrama: 6M, flujo de proceso y estratificación. También describe los pasos para construir un diagrama de Ishikawa y analizar las causas potenciales de un problema con el fin de desarrollar un plan de acción para mejorarlo.
18169117.ppt
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#Prerequisites:
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Kyoto_2007.ppt
- 1. Fundamentals and Applications of Bainitic Steels Thermodynamics Simulation of kinetics “Superbainite” Mechanical properties Future
- 6. Surface 1 Surface 2 Srinivasan & Wayman, 1968 50 µm
- 7. c r d s 1
- 11. 50 µm
- 13. UPPER BAINITE (High Temperature) LOWER BAINITE (Low Temperature) Carbon supersaturated plate Carbon diffusion into austenite Carbon diffusion into austenite and carbide precipitation in ferrite Carbide precipitation from austenite
- 18. Growth is diffusionless. Strain energy must be accounted for.
- 19. UPPER BAINITE (High Temperature) LOWER BAINITE (Low Temperature) Carbon supersaturated plate Carbon diffusion into austenite Carbon diffusion into austenite and carbide precipitation in ferrite Carbide precipitation from austenite Takahashi and Bhadeshia
- 21. Oka and Okamoto
- 24. Th GN
- 25. Bhadeshia, 1981 Each point represents a different steel Nucleation function GN
- 26. The nucleation of bainite must involve the partitioning of carbon Why does the required free energy vary linearly with T?
- 27. hexagonal close-packed cubic close-packed Christian, 1951
- 28. Brooks, Loretto and Smallman, 1979
- 29. Olson & Cohen, 1976
- 33. Nucleation of bainite must involve the partitioning of carbon. Mechanism of nucleation is otherwise identical to that of martensite.
- 34. 0 200 400 600 800 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Carbon / wt% Temperature / K Fe-2Si-3Mn-C wt% BS MS
- 35. 1.E+00 1.E+04 1.E+08 0 0.5 1 1.5 Carbon / wt% Time / s Fe-2Si-3Mn-C wt% 1 month 1 year
- 36. wt% Low transformation temperature Bainitic hardenability Reasonable transformation time Elimination of cementite Austenite grain size control Avoidance of temper embrittlement
- 37. Time 1200 oC 2 days 1000 o C 15 min Isothermal transformation 125 oC- 325 oC hours- months slow cooling Air cooling Quench Austenitisation Homogenisation
- 40. Low temperature transformation: 0.25 T/Tm Fine microstructure: 20-40 nm thick plates Harder than most martensites (710 HV) Carbide-free Designed using theory alone
- 41. 200 Å g g a a a Very strong Huge uniform ductility No deformation No rapid cooling No residual stresses Cheap Uniform in very large sections
- 42. Hammond and Cross, 2004 Velocity km s-1 Stress / GPa
- 43. “more serious battlefield threats”
- 44. ballistic mass efficiency consider unit area of armour
- 51. Sherif, 2005, Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge
- 53. Geometrical percolation threshold of overlapping ellipsoids
- 55. 1 µm 0.4 C 2 Si 3 Mn wt%
- 57. 50 µm
- 58. Fe-1C-1.5Si…… wt% periodic cracking stress transfer length Chatterjee & Bhadeshia, 2005
- 62. 0.4C-3Mn-2Si 0.4C-4Ni -2Si 0.2C-3Mn-2Si Impact Energy 200 100 0 -100 -200 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Test temperature / °C Charpy impact / J Temperature / °C
- 64. 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Pearlite Martensite Bainite kilocycles to Crack Initiation Yates, Jerath
- 65. Yates, Jerath
- 66. U.K.