this slide prepead for power plant and genaration engineering by onurbozo and kubraozalp at Arel University 2017

1. Power Plant and Generation
Engineering
SOLAR POWER PLANTS AND
WIND FARMS
Prepead by
Kübra ÖZALP & Onur BOZO
ISTANBUL AREL UNIVERSITY
SUMMER 2017

3. WHAT IS THE WIND ENERGY
 Wind turbines are systems that convert kinetic energy in the wind
into mechanical energy first and then electrical energy. A wind
turbine typically consists of a tower, a generator, speed converters
(gear box), electric-electronic components and a propeller. The
kinetic energy of the wind is converted to the mechanical energy of
the rotord. The rotary motion of the rotor shaft is accelerated and
the generator in the body is transferred. Electricity energy obtained
from the generator is stored by means of a charger or delivered
directly to the receiver.
 Wind turbines in use vary in size and type, but are generally
classified according to their rotational axis. Wind turbines are
divided into two classes according to their rotational axis:
"Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines" and "Vertical Axis Wind Turbines"

4. WIND POWER PLANTS

5.  After the Wind Power Plants are installed, the propellers
turn the tangles they are attached to by the movement
of the wind (air). With a suitable generator this energy is
converted into electricity energy.
 Wind energy starts with the sunrise. The near-by parts
of the cold air layer that is formed at night begin to warm
up immediately by the sun's rays. As you recall from the
physics classes, the warming air expands and rises.
The cold air layer in the atmosphere descends towards
this place. The wind is generated by the change of hot
and cold air.
 The wind turbine consists of three parts, a wind turbine
in the simplest sense.

7. 1. Propeller Wings:
When the wind blows, the wind hits the wing of the
propeller and starts to rotate it. In this view, kinetic
(motion) energy is obtained by wind energy. The
propellers are designed to turn in the same direction
when the wind hits.
2.Şaft:
The shaft connected to it by the rotation of the pavilions
also starts to rotate. Rotation of the shaft also creates
movement within the motor and electrical energy is
provided at the output of the motor.

8. 3.Jenerator
There is a very simple way of working. Electric
energy is produced by electromagnetic induction.
Small toy cars are similar to electric motors in cars.
There are magnets in it. In the middle of these
magnets is also a section wrapped with thin wires.
When the propeller shaft rotates, this winding region
in the engine begins to rotate in the middle of the
magnets around it. This results in an alternating
current (AC).

9. VAWTs “Vertical Axis Wind Turbine’’

10.  The vertical axis is designed to be perpendicular. It
is always adjusted to the future direction of the wind.
There is no need to adjust the earth axis according
to the wind. In general, it requires an electric motor
as the first movement. The turbine is fixed from the
auxiliary wire axis. At places close to sea level, the
yield of the device is low because it receives less
wind. However, although all necessary equipment is
an advantage at ground level, negative impacts on
agricultural land are high.

11. (HAWTs) “Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine’’

12.  The rotation axis is designed parallel to the axis. With the help of an electric
motor, the direction of the propeller can be adjusted according to the wind
direction. Structurally, it is not different from an electric motor. It must be
about 80 meters above sea level to be able to operate efficiently.
 Rotor Blades: Used to convert wind energy into rotational motion.
 Shaft: Transmits the rotation motion.
 Gear Box: The propeller increases the speed between the shaft and helps
to transmit a faster motion.
 Generator: The part that produces electrical energy from rotational motion.
 Breaks: It is used to stop the propeller when there is an overload and a
problem.
 Tower: Allows the propeller and engine compartment to operate at a safe
altitude.
 Electrical Equipment: Provides electrical energy to the relevant centers

14. Calculation of Generated Energy
 For the calculation of the energy generated by a wind turbine, the
speed of the wind and the diameter of the propeller are needed.
Often large wind turbines spin at about 15 meters per second.
Theoretically, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the
propeller to increase the generated energy. This means that the
height of the wind turbine also increases. This will take more wind
and provide a faster spin.
 Generally wind turbines operate at full capacity when they turn at
33 miles per hour. When they reach 45 mph (20 m / s) per hour,
the system automatically stops. If the turbine accelerates too
much, there are many controls that will stop the system. The
most common system is the braking system. When the propeller
reaches speed of 45 mph, it stops turning.

15. Situation in the world
 Wind power has become one of the most increasing sources of
renewable energy in the world. Although the rate of utilization in
the world today is very low, studies are being made in 2020 to
meet 12% of world electricity demand from wind energy.
 Today, the total power generated from wind energy is around
40,301 MW. The most benefited from this strength is Germany
with 36% and 3% share. Germany produces a total of 14.612 MW
of power and accounts for 5.6% of Germany's electricity energy
needs. Spain, the United States, Denmark, India, the
Netherlands, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and China are the
other countries that make the most use of wind power. All other
countries have a share of 9.3% with a total output of 3.756 MW.

16. Situation in Turkey
 The total installed power of 172 Wind Power Plants located in Turkey is 5,789,39 MW. In
2016, 15,669,548,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity production was made with Wind Power
Plants.
 The first wind power plant in Turkey was established in 1998 in Izmir. You can learn
about wind turbines used in our country, wind turbine, daily, monthly, annual electricity
production statistics from wind power generation page, which covers about 6,3% of the
energy consumed today from wind power plants.
 Some of the 171 power plants that have been taken over have not yet reached the
power of the license board yet, and construction continues. In this context, some of the
power plants will be commissioned with the full capacity to enter the additional wind
turbine with a capacity of 633 MW will be installed and installed capacity will reach 6.828
MW capacity.
 In addition, the licensing capacity of 74 power plants, which have not yet been
commissioned yet but have progressed in installation (excluding licenses), is 1,283 MW.
In this context, it can be seen that when all of the projects that are partially
commissioned and progressed in construction are completed, the power of the Turkish
wind power plant will increase to 8.111 MW. As of today, when all RES's receiving
licenses and pre-licenses from EPDK are put into service, our country's wind power will
reach 10.851 MW and 12% of all electricity consumption will be covered by wind power
plants. In addition, by the end of 2018, EPDK will accept 3,000 MW more wind power
plants.

17. SOLAR POWER PLANTS

18. TYPES of SOLAR POWER
PLANTS
Photovoltaic Solar Energy Plant
Concentrated Energy Plant

19. PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY PLANT
 It is the device that converts solar rays to electricity
 Yields between 15% and 20%
 Sunshine period ın Turkey;
 Winter ; 5 Hours
 Autumn ; 7 Hours
 Summer ; 11 Hours

20. How Does PV Technology Work?

21. How Does PV Technology Work?

22. •The PV panels produce DC current.
•From there, the dc current is delivered to the power supply
•The transmitted current is stored in the battery
•The energy stored in the cells is transmitted to the invertor

23. Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST)