2. Introduction
• As we all know, wind and solar are most optimistic renewable resources for
production of energy.
• So various research's are been carried out for utilization of this energy resources in
the best way.
• This project is to develop an optimal design of a hybrid wind-solar energy plant,
where we can use both the sources of energy sources to generate the power with a
main goal to minimize the plant establishment cost, to utilize the land used for the
same in most suitable way and to give earth a healthy environment by using this
renewable sources of energy.
• The motto of the project is to produce the energy in an eco-friendly way by using
renewable sources of energy.
3. Wind Energy
• Wind energy is a renewable source of energy.
• The terms "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the process by which the wind is
used to generate mechanical power or electricity.
• The wind flow, or motion energy, when "harvested" by modern wind turbines, can
be used to generate electricity.
• But the sunlight needs to be sensed and converted into electrical energy.For this
solar panels and solar cells are used.
4. Wind Turbine
• A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into
electrical power.
• There are basically two types of turbines:
a) Vertical Axis Wind turbine
b) Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
• Simply stated, a wind turbine is the opposite
of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make
wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make
electricity.
• The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and
makes electricity.
5. Horizontal axis wind turbine(HAWT)
• Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) have the main rotor shaft and electrical
generator at the top of a tower, and may be pointed into or out of the wind.
• Small turbines are pointed by a simple wind vane, while large turbines generally
use a wind sensor coupled with a servo motor.
• Most have a gearbox, which turns the slow rotation of the blades into a quicker
rotation that is more suitable to drive an electrical generator.
• Various parts of wind turbine are:
1)Rotor
2)Blades
3)Gear box
4)Generator
6. 1)Blades: The blades are flattened plates which catch the wind. The blades are
lightweight, durable
and corrosion-resistant material.
2)Rotor: It is the rotationg part of the wind turbine on which the blades are held and
which is
directly connected to the generator to give the mechanical input.
3)GearBox: It is a mechanical part which amplifies the energy output of the rotor.It is
placed directly
between the rotor and the generator.
4)Generator: It is a electrical device which take mechanical energy as input and converts
it to give
electrical energy as output
7. Why HAWT ?
• As it is a modern gear based type of turbine it is capable of smooth motion even at
high velocity.
• Minimum requirement of wind is only 5m/s which is very easily available in a open
land.
• It has a life span of 120,000 hours or 20-25 years .
• Maintenance cost is just 1.5-2% of its installation cost.
• Light weight chasis.
• Compared to vertical axis wind turbine it is smaller in size , thus occupies less
space.
8. Effects of blades
• Apart from the construction of the turbine the shape,material and the dimensions
of the rotor blades plays an important role in the generation of power.
• Larger the size of blades more the gathering of wind energy.But more larger the
size of the blades more heavier the structure.So more velocity wind is required to
run such a heavy structure.
• Now, if the size of the blades are small,the structure will be light weighted and
less velocity of wind will be required to run the turbine.But small blades will
gather less amount of wind.
• Both larger and smaller blades have there cons and pros.
• Thus medium sized blades are used to run the turbine because it can gather a good
amount of wind and the structure is not so heavy.
• So ultimately we can get a good amount of energy using medium sized blades
9. Solar Energy
• Solar energy is a renewable source of energy.
• It is available in abundance.
• Solar energy gives both light and heat energy.
• But heat energy is not utilised to generate electricity, while light energy can be
utilised to generate the electrical energy.
• Thus to absorb the light energy and convert it into a electrical energy a
photovoltaic module is used which comprises of solar cells and solar panels.
10. Solar cell
• A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of
light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and
chemical phenomenon.
• It is a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or
resistance, vary when exposed to light.
• It is like a building block of a photovoltaic module.
• The operation of photovoltaic requires 3 basic attribute:
1) The absorption of light and generating electron-hole pairs.
2) The separation of charge carriers of opposite types.
3) The separate extraction of those carriers to an external circuit.
• Various materials in the solar cells are as follows:
1)Crystalline silicon
2)Thin film
3)Multijunction cells
11. Solar Panel
• Solar panel refers to a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of energy for
generating electricity.
• A photovoltaic (in short PV) module is a packaged, connected assembly of typically
6×10 solar cells.
• Solar Photovoltaic panels constitute the solar array of a photovoltaic system that
generates and supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential applications.
• Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions, and
typically ranges from 100 to 365 watts.
• The efficiency of a module determines the area of a module given the same rated
output – an 8% efficient 230 watt module will have twice the area of a 16% efficient
230 watt module.
12.
13. Lead storage battery
• In the solar power generation and wind power generation the voltage generated is
DC.
• So in order to store this DC Voltage, lead storage battery is used.
• It is widely used even when surge current(maximum current drawn from the input
device) is not important and in other designs which can provide higher densities.
• It is durable and provides dependable service.
14. Inverter
• Inverter is a electronics device which is capable of converting DC to AC.
• It doesnot produce any power,the power is provided to it by the source.
• In this project,DC is produced.But in order to run AC appliances,we need an
inverter so that we can get AC out of it to run our AC appliances.
• The diagram below shows an inverter circuit:
15. Hybrid wind solar power generation
structure
• It is the combination of solar power generating system and wind power generating
system and forming a new hybrid concept which is known as “hybrid wind-solar
power generation system”.
• Here The solar panels are mounted on the towers of the windmill such that it
remains at a certain height from the ground but is the direction of direct sunlight.
• In this structure the solar panels are connected to a servo motor
which is connected to a embedded system.
• The system is embedded in such a way that the solar panels will
rotate with the movement of the sun.
• Thus from the sunrise till the sunsets total energy of the sun will
be totally concentrated on the solar panel.
• Thus the system is utilized for generation throughout the day.
16. Charge controller circuit
• A charge controller, charge regulator or battery regulator limits the rate at which
electric current is added to or drawn from electric batteries.
• It prevents overcharging and may protect against overvoltage, which can reduce
battery performance or lifespan, and may pose a safety risk.
• It may also prevent completely draining ("deep discharging") a battery, or perform
controlled discharges, depending on the battery technology, to protect battery
life.
• The diagram below shows the circuit diagram of a Hybrid wind solar charge
controller:
• This charge controller circuit is a combination of solar
and wind charge controller circuit.
• this is a modern form of the traditional complex “wind-solar
charge controller”.
• This circuit is capable of regulating the outputs of both solar and wind
generation systems at a time.
18. Advantages of the project
• Both solar as well as wind power generating systems can be established at the
same place.
• As the solar panels are mounted on the towers of windmill, space occupied is less.
• Both AC as well as DC loads can be run.
• Flexible to use.
• Low maintenance.
• More efficient than a traditional solar or wind power project.
• As sources of energy are renewable,it is environment friendly.Thus our motto of
protecting and retaining the environment is served.
19. Disadvantages of the project
• High establishment cost.
• The arrangement becomes complicated due to hybrid structure.
