This document discusses factors and determinants of ecotourism. It defines ecotourism as sustainable tourism that balances conservation and local livelihoods. Key factors that can affect ecotourism development include natural attractions, infrastructure, community engagement, and regulations. Determinants are more direct causes and include market demand, tourism impacts, and socioeconomic links to conservation. Strengths like natural beauty can support development, while weaknesses such as poor roads can hinder it. Stakeholder cooperation and education are important for ecotourism success.

1. Ecotourism:
Factors and Determinants

2. • What is Ecotourism?
• Reason for ecotourism
• Introduction of Factors and Determinants
• Development and Success factors of Ecotourism
• Determinants of Ecotourism
• Relationship between Factors and Determinants
Contents

3. Ecotourism: Definition
Ecotourism is a sustainable activity and tool which is
capable of balancing the conservation of biodiversity
alongside the livelihood of the local population (Forje et al,
2020).
The word ecotourism was first used in the 1980s by
Ceballos-Lascurain.
Ceballos-Lascurain

4. Ecotourism: Definition
Scholars discussed different variables in the definitions of
Ecotourism. But five frequent variables are:
(1) reference to where
ecotourism occurs (natural areas);
(2) conservation;
(3) culture;
(4) benefits to locals; and
(5) education.
Forje et al, 2020

5. Ecotourism: Important
The main reason behind Ecotourism:
• helping conserve nature in a faraway place
• educating tourists about the place they are traveling to
• respecting the culture of the people who live there
• the conservation of animal and plant species that are in
danger of becoming extinct
• leaving a small carbon footprint
• encourages development economically and also
benefits the local communities through political
empowerment

6. Ecotourism: Factors
A factor is one of the things that affect an event, decision,
or situation.
Example: Condition of road, Religion.

7. Ecotourism: Determinants
A determinant is a factor or cause that makes something
happen or leads directly to a decision.
Example: Rules and Regulations

8. Ecotourism: Factors
Factors
Development Factors Success Factors

9. Ecotourism: SWOT Analysis
SWOT analysis (or SWOT matrix) is a strategic planning
and strategic management technique used to help a
person or organization identify Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, and Threats related to tourism sectors. It is
sometimes called situational assessment or situational
analysis.

10. Ecotourism: SWOT Analysis
Internal Factors
External Factors

11. Ecotourism: Development Factors
Factors affecting ecotourism development
(Strengths):
• Attractive landscape
Angama Mara, Kenya

12. Ecotourism: Development Factors
Factors affecting ecotourism development
(Strengths):
• Rich biodiversity

13. Ecotourism: Development Factors
Factors affecting ecotourism development
(Strengths):
• Welcoming population

14. Ecotourism: Development Factors
Factors affecting ecotourism development
(Strengths):
• Attractive culture
Rome – A City That Oozes Royalty, Romance, And Ruins

15. Ecotourism: Development Factors
Factors affecting ecotourism development
(Strengths):
• Calm for wilderness

16. Ecotourism: Development Factors
Factors affecting ecotourism development
(Weakness):
• Poorly developed roads
• Poorly developed lodging
• No ecotourism development plan
• Seasonality in tourism
• Low revenue generated
• Limited information
• Poor management skills in communities

17. Ecotourism: Development Factors
Factors affecting ecotourism development
(Opportunities):
• sustainable economic growth;
• social inclusiveness,
• employment, and poverty reduction;
• resource efficiency, environmental protection, and
climate;
• cultural values, diversity, and heritage;
• and mutual understanding, peace, and security.
World Bank Group (2017)

18. Ecotourism: Development Factors
Factors affecting ecotourism development (Threats):
• Increase strain on local resources food, water, etc.
• Damage to the natural environment from littering, trails,
etc.
• Social tension between tour operators & nonoperators
• Inequalities based on geographic location.

19. Ecotourism: Development Factors
Factors affecting ecotourism development (Threats):
• Increase pollution
• Destruction of local culture
• Socio-political instability
• Timber exploitation

20. Ecotourism: Success Factors
Success factors for ecotourism
• Attractive nature sites
• Potential demand
• High-quality products
• Fitting communication and marketing strategies
• Planning Process
• Cooperation between all stakeholders
• Professionalization of the management
• Capacity building of local citizens
• Political support and constant funding

21. Ecotourism: Determinants
Determinants of Ecotourism:
Groom et al., 2006, Koure et al, 2022
Legislations and Regulations
Socio-economic linkage to
biodiversity conservation
Market Demand Tourism Impacts
Site and
Infrastructure
Community
Participation
Education

22. Ecotourism: Factors and Determinants
Relation between Factors and Determinants
Market Demand
Tourism Impacts
Community
Participation
Socio-economic
linkage to biodiversity
conservation
Site and Infrastructure
Legislations and
Regulations
Internal
Factors
External
Factors
Strengths
Weakness
Opportunities
Threats

23. References
1. Khaledi Koure, F., Hajjarian, M., Hossein Zadeh, O. et al. Ecotourism
development strategies and the importance of local community engagement.
Environ Dev Sustain (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02338-y
2. Forje, G. W., Tchamba, M. N., & Eno-Nku, M. (2021). Determinants of
ecotourism development in and around protected areas: The case of Campo
Ma'an National Park in Cameroon. Scientific African, 11, e00663.
3. Heshmati, M., Gheitury, M., & Shadfar, S. (2022). Factors affecting possibility of
ecotourism development and sustaining natural resources using SWOT approach
in west Iran. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 10(2), 173-183.
4. https://www.slideshare.net/SubhalaxmiSwain1/ecotourism-93242936
5. https://slideplayer.com/slide/7251069/
6. https://slideplayer.com/slide/12107511/
7. Mallick, S.K., Rudra, S., & Samanta, R. (2020). Sustainable ecotourism
development using SWOT and QSPM approach: A study on Rameswaram, Tamil
Nadu.