10. Thematic Interlinkages
• SDG6 reflective of whole SDG
framework with positive
impact on others
• Require active role of sub-
national governments & P.S
• Balance three pillars of SD
– Economic (IWRM)
– Social (Universal & Equitable
Access)
– Environment (Protect & restore
water ecosystems)
• Permit accelerated actions
• Inherent nexus approaches
– Food (2)-Water (6)-Energy(7)
– Food (2) –Water (6)-Industry (7)
• Most suitable for system
approaches, integrated actions
11. Within SDGs 6 integration
• Increase in wastewater treatment (SDG 6.3.1), together
with increased access to sanitation (SDG 6.2.1), will
support good ambient water quality (SDG 6.3.2) and
healthy water related ecosystems (SDG 6.6.1).
• Good ambient water quality (SDG 6.3.2) will improve
the provision of safe drinking water (SDG 6.1.1), which
needs to be provided efficiently (SDG 6.4.1) and
without negative impacts on water-related ecosystems
(SDG 6.6.1).
16. Implementing SDG6
• Identify the interlinkages, synergies & trade-offs
• Accelerator Interventions
• Legal and policy reforms, Institutional coherence
• Wider collaboration and participation
• Break absolute targets to gradual goal posts
• National targets and local SDG roadmaps with
short, medium and long term actions
• Vertical horizontal coordination and date flows
• Access and use of adequate data
17. Monitoring SDGs
Sub-national
Global (HLPFs)
Regional (Regional Forums)
Thematic
Thematic
National (Accountability,
National Statistical System,
National Coordination)
• Member States own SDG
monitoring and
reporting → should build
on national data
• Appointing a national
focal point
• Technical stream
• Statistical stream
18. 12 Indicators for Monitoring Goal 6
Goal Indic. Lead agencies Indicator (brief title) Tier
Drinking
Water
6.1.1 WHO/UNICEF % population with water access Tier I
Sanitation &
Hygiene
6.2.1 WHO/UNICEF % population with safe sanitation Tier I
6.2.2 WHO/UNICEF % of population handwashing in the home Tier I
WQ & WW 6.3.1 WHO, Habitat % Waste water (vol) safely treated Tier III
6.3.2 UNEP % water bodies with ambient water quality Tier III
Efficiency &
withdrawal
6.4.1 FAO % change in water use-efficiency over time Tier III
6.4.2 FAO Withdrawl % of available fresh water Tier II
IWRM 6.5.1 UNEP Degree of integrated water resource
management implementation (0-100)
Tier II
6.5.2 UNECE, UNEP % of transboundary basin areas with operational
arrangements for cooperation
Tier III
Ecosystems 6.6.1 UNEP Change in wetlands extent over time Tier III
Cooperation 6.a.1 OECD, WHO,
UNEP
Water and sanitation ODA as part of coordinated
spending plans
Tier I
Participation 6.b.1 WHO, UNEP Participation of local communities in water and
sanitation management
Tier II
19. SDG 6 & Global monitoring initiatives
Goal 6
6.1
Drinking
Water
6.2
Sanitation
and
Hygiene
6.3
Water
quality
6.4
Water
scarcity
6.5
Water
resource
mgmt
6.6
Eco-
systems
JMP
GEMI GLAAS
Means of Implementation
6.A
International
cooperation
and capacity
development
6.B
Local
participation
20. Integrated monitoring of water and sanitation
related SDG targets – GEMI
• GEMI tool is currently being developed, integrating and
expanding existing efforts to ensure harmonised
monitoring of the entire water cycle.
• GEMI complements
– WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply
and Sanitation (JMP) and
– UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and
Drinking-Water (GLAAS)
• Its specific objectives are to:
– Integrate and expand existing monitoring efforts, to ensure
harmonised monitoring of the entire water cycle
– Provide Member States with a monitoring guide for SDG targets
6.3-6.6
– Engage Member States and enhance their capacity in water
sector monitoring
– Report on global progress towards SDG targets 6.3-6.6
21. Implementation of SDGs Indicators
• Start with more simple methodologies (Tier 1), a
limited number of parameters at a limited number of
sites
• As the capacity and resources progressively adopt
more advanced and better disaggregated
methodologies.
• Combining various methods and data sources,
including direct measurements, surveys, remote
sensing, estimates and literature reviews.
• In the short term, some estimates and modelling will
likely be needed to fil-in existing data gaps
22. Target 6.1.1: Drinking water (Tier I)
By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and
affordable drinking water for all
6.1.1: Population using safely managed drinking water services
Definition: Pop. using an improved drinking water source which is:
• located on premises,
• available when needed, and
• free of faecal and priority chemical contamination
Accessibility
Quality
Availability
23. SDG Indicator 6.3.2: Ambient Water Quality
(Tier III)
Measurements of 5
parameters:
1. Dissolved Oxygen
2. Conductivity (salinity)
3. Coliform bacteria
4. Dissolved Nitrogen
5. Dissolved Phosphorus
Calculation of national index:
• Percentage of measuring
stations that meet criteria
for good status
• Proximity-to-target
calculation
6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient
water quality
24. SDG Indicator 6.4.2: Water stress (sust.
withdrawals) (Tier II)
Metrics: (km3/year)
• TWW = Total Water Withdrawals
• TRWR = Total Renewable Water Resources
• EWR = Environmental Water Requirements
Indicator calculation:
Stress = TWW/(TRWR-EWR)
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal
as a proportion of available freshwater resources
25. Sources used
• IAEW-SDGs. Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators
• UNESCAP.2017. Integrated approaches for Sustainable Development Goals
planning:
The case of Goal 6 on water and sanitation
• UNWATER.2016Water and sanitation interlinkages
across the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development
UNWATER 2016Integrated Monitoring
Guide for SDG 6
Targets and
global indicators
•
UN-Water, 2016: Water and Sanitation Interlinkages across the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development. Geneva.
The world is waking up to the enormity of our water-related challenges. Growing populations, more water-intensive patterns of growth, increasing rainfall variability, and pollution are combining in many places to make the availability of fit-for-purpose water one of the greatest risks to poverty eradication, peace and all three dimensions of sustainable development. Floods and droughts already impose huge social and economic costs around the world, and our climate is driving increases in the frequency and severity of water-related extreme events. If the world continues on its current path, projections suggest that the world may face a 40% shortfall in water availability by 2030, and economic growth in some regions may be cut by 6% due to water scarcity alone1 .
SDG6 outlines some of the key actions that the world needs to take on water, including providing universal access to services, improving water quality, increasing water-use efficiency, protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems, and more broadly, implementing integrated water resource management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation. Such actions will also contribute to the achievement of many other SDGs, not least those related to economic growth and poverty reduction, public health, energy, food security, disaster risk reduction, sustainable cities and ecosystems. Likewise, a successful implementation of SDG 6 will closely depend on delivering on other SDGs, such as SDG 12 on responsible consumption and production and SDG 17 on partnerships and enhanced means of implementation.
increase in wastewater treatment (SDG 6.3.1), together with increased access to sanitation (SDG 6.2.1), will support good ambient water quality (SDG 6.3.2) and healthy waterrelated ecosystems (SDG 6.6.1).
good ambient water quality (SDG 6.3.2) will improve the provision of safe drinking water (SDG 6.1.1), which needs to be provided efficiently (SDG 6.4.1) and without negative impacts on water-related ecosystems (SDG 6.6.1).
Monitoring of all SDG 6 indicators is coordinated, and the subsequent data analysis is integrated. This can be achieved by appointing a national focal point to coordinate SDG 6 monitoring, and by convening an intersectoral monitoring team made up of the SDG 6 focal point, the leads of the technical teams (see below) and representatives from the national statistics office. The purpose of the interstectoral monitoring team would be to work with monitoring and data across indicators and sectors, to facilitate learning, and support integrated data analysis and use for policy- and decision-making.
Relevant stakeholders are involved and cooperate in the monitoring process. For example, the responsibility of national-level monitoring could be assigned to target/indicator-specific technical teams, reporting to the SDG 6 focal point. The technical teams would be led by the institution in charge of implementing the specific target/indicator, and comprise all relevant stakeholders including academia, non-governmental organizations and business.
Monitoring process is aligned with national processes and structures. For example, monitoring could be carried out as an integral part of the day-to-day operations of the ministries/institutions that are in charge of implementation, and data be used in national follow-up and review processes such as a joint sector review.
Data are being used for evidence-based policy- and decision-making, in support of integrated water resources management. To strengthen this, policy- and decision-makers could be appointed to coordinate the monitoring process (e.g. the SDG 6 focal point and the leads of each indicator-specific technical team.
Politicians appreciate the importance of monitoring and support it accordingly. To gain political support it is important to communicate how policy- and decision-making can be improved by having access to high quality data, i.e. the return of investment in monitoring.
6.1 and 6.2. JMP
But there are twelve indicators proposed in all, and WHO is also involved in the monitoring of target 6.3, through the safely treated wastewater indicator regarding the treatment of domestic wastewater. (Other parts of this target track treatment of industrial waste, and surface water quality).
And GLAAS is a co-custodian (along with OECD and UNEP) for monitoring of the Means of Implementation indicators, 6.A and 6.B… (transition to GLAAS and AMCOW).
For drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (SDG targets 6.1
and 6.2), the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for
Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) is well placed, with 15
years’ experience from MDG monitoring.
For the new targets
on wastewater treatment and water quality, water use and
use efficiency, integrated water resources management and
water-related ecosystems (SDG targets 6.3 to 6.6), a new
global monitoring initiative, Integrated monitoring of water
and sanitation related SDG targets - GEMI, is currently being
developed based on existing monitoring initiatives. And finally,
the monitoring of the means of implementation (SDG targets
6.a and 6.b) can build on the UN-Water Global Analysis and
Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS) and the
GEMI reporting towards target 6.5 on integrated water resources
management (IWRM), which is based on the existing UN-Water
IWRM status reporting.
JMP, GEMI and GLAAS will be progressively aligned to ensure a coherent SDG 6 monitoring framework, and together, they will be able to monitor progress towards the entirety of SDG 6, while also underpinning the monitoring of many other SDGs and targets through the use of multipurpose indicators.
The ladder approach to monitoring
To enable Member States to begin monitoring efforts at a level in line with their national capacity and available resources, there is also a need for flexible methodologies, for which the concept of a monitoring ladder is useful. With a ladder approach, countries can start with more simple methodologies, such as using alternative data sources or monitoring a limited number of parameters at a limited number of sites, and as their capacity and resources increase, they can “climb the ladder” to progressively adopt more advanced and better disaggregated methodologies.
Fortunately, there are significant opportunities for combining various methods and data sources, including direct measurements, surveys, remote sensing, estimates and literature reviews. In the short term, some estimates and modelling will likely be needed to fill-in existing data gaps. In the longer term, as the monitoring capacity and resources improve, national monitoring will feed directly into global monitoring.