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TOE
Writer Technology Organization Environment Others
Rahayu Perceived benefit Technology readiness Owner innovativeness
Owner IT experience
Owner IT knowledge
SIla Cost
Complexity
Network reliability
Data security
Scalability
Top management support
Firm size
Firm type
Management level
Pressure from
competitor
Pressure from trading
partners
Premkumar Perceived usefulness/
relative advantage
Complexity/ ease of use
Compatibility
Triability
Observability
Cost
Top management support
Product champion
Size
Communication channels
Centralization
Formalization
Competition
Power/interfirm
dependent
Vertical interaction
and climate
Supplier incentives
Education
Job tenure
User involvement
IS expertise
User training
Computer self efficacy
AlQirim Relative advantage
Compatibility
Complexity
Top management support
Size
Information intensity and
product
Managerial time
Industry pressure
(competition)
Government pressure
Consumer readiness
Support from
technology vendors
Morteza Perceived relative
advantage
Perceived comapatibility
Cost
Information intensity
Ceo’s knowledge
Ceos innovativeness
Business size
Competiton
Buyer/supplier
pressure
Support from
technology vendor
Toe

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Toe

  • 1. TOE Writer Technology Organization Environment Others Rahayu Perceived benefit Technology readiness Owner innovativeness Owner IT experience Owner IT knowledge SIla Cost Complexity Network reliability Data security Scalability Top management support Firm size Firm type Management level Pressure from competitor Pressure from trading partners Premkumar Perceived usefulness/ relative advantage Complexity/ ease of use Compatibility Triability Observability Cost Top management support Product champion Size Communication channels Centralization Formalization Competition Power/interfirm dependent Vertical interaction and climate Supplier incentives Education Job tenure User involvement IS expertise User training Computer self efficacy AlQirim Relative advantage Compatibility Complexity Top management support Size Information intensity and product Managerial time Industry pressure (competition) Government pressure Consumer readiness Support from technology vendors Morteza Perceived relative advantage Perceived comapatibility Cost Information intensity Ceo’s knowledge Ceos innovativeness Business size Competiton Buyer/supplier pressure Support from technology vendor