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6.social stratification 2
1. Social Stratification
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N O S H A D A H M E D 1 5 C R P 4 6
C I T Y A N D R E G I O N A L P L A N N I N G
D E P A R T M E N T M U E T
J A M S H O R O
2. Definition
1. Ogburn and Nimkoff:
‘The process by which individuals and groups are
ranked in more or less enduring hierarchy of status
is known as stratification”
2. Gisbert:
“Social stratification is the division of society into
permanent groups of categories linked with each
other by the relationship of superiority and
subordinations”.
3. 3. Williams:
Social Stratification refers to “The ranking of
individuals on a scale of superiority-inferiority-
equality, according to some commonly accepted
basis of valuation.
4. Raymond W. Murray:
Social stratification is horizontal division of society
into “higher” and “lower” social units.”
5. Social Stratification
Stratify means to arrange different parts in
separate layers.
Ranking of individual and groups.
Hierarchical arrangement and establishment of
social categories.
It is found in all human groups.
It is perpetuated by the major institutions of
society.
6. Types of Social stratification
Generally social stratification classified
As follows
Social Class
Caste
7. Class is large set of people regarded by themselves or
others as sharing similar status with regard to wealth,
power and prestige.
Social Class
13. Social Mobility
• Social Mobility – the movement of people b/w
social classes
• Horizontal mobility- changing form one
occupation to another at the same social class level
– Ex. When and army officer become a teacher, or a waiter
becomes a taxi driver
• Vertical mobility – person’s occupational status or
social class moves upwards or downward
– Intergenerational mobility – when the change takes place
over a generation
• A plumber’s daughter becoming a physician, or a lawyer’s son
becoming a carpenter
14. Caste and Open-Class Systems
– Caste system – there is no social mobility b/c social status is
inherited and cannot be changed
• Statuses and occupation are ascribed
• Apartheid – was a caste system based on race
• India – Brahmin, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudra, and Untouchables
– Tradition keeps the caste system intact
– Open-class system – a system in which social class is based
on merit and individual effort, movement b/w classes is
allowed
• Ex. – U.S country