Communication is defined as the process of sending and receiving messages between a sender and receiver using a communication channel. The communication process involves the sender encoding an idea into a message that is sent through a channel, potentially with noise, and decoded by the receiver. There are formal and informal categories of communication, and barriers like culture, trust, and information overload that can interfere with effective transmission of meaning. Overcoming barriers requires techniques such as empathy, trust-building, simplicity, feedback, and minimizing distractions.
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Chapter 8 communication
1.
2. Introduction
Communication is important in our life nowadays,
without it the information cannot be shared with others.
The main keyword in communication is sending and
receiving message. It can be form into formal and
informal communication. There are many ways to
transmit the information from one to another. However
communication also have barriers in transmitting the
information. You will learn in detail in this topic.
3. Definition
Defined communication as the process of sending and
receiving messages.
Bovee and Thill (1999)
Defined as process by which people seek to share meaning
through the transmission of symbolic message.
Stoner (1995)
Communication defined as the transmission of information
and meaning from a sender to receiver through
communication channel.
4. Communication process
Communication process explained on how the
information are been transmitted from a sender to a
receiver.
It can be shown in communication process model.
6. Continued….
Sender Anyone who has an idea or concept and wants
that information known to someone else
Encoding Process of converting sender’s idea into symbol.
Message Tangible forms of coded symbols that give
meaning to the information
Decoding Process by which receivers interpret and
translate the received message into meaningful
information.
Receiver Person to whom the sender directs or sends the
message.
7. Continued….
Feedback Receiver’s response or reaction to
sender’s message.
Noise Any internal or external interference that
distract the communication.
Channel Medium of transferring information.
8. Categories of communication
Formal Communication
Official communication networks that follows the chain of
command.
Used by organization to transmit information within and
outside organization.
Types of formal communication;
- Vertical communication ( Upward & Downward)
- Horizontal communication
9. Continued…
Informal Communication (grapevines)
Communication that described as the wandering of
messages throughout organization
Types of informal communication;
- Single strand
- Probability
- Gossip
- Cluster
14. Barriers of communication
Cross- cultural diversity
Trust and credibility
Information overload
Language characteristics
Gender differences
Time pressure
Noise
Physical distraction
15. Tips to overcome barriers
Empathize
Create trust atmosphere
Use simple language
Develop information system
Minimize distraction and noise
Obtain feedback
16. Categories of interpersonal communication
Oral communication
All forms of spoken information
Written communication
Written documents used to share information with others
Non-verbal communication
All messages that are non-language responses.
Six basic types of non-verbal communication;
- Time, environment, proxemics, paralanguage, physical
characteristics, body movement.