The Welfare State

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The document outlines the origins and development of the UK welfare state. It discusses how Sir William Beveridge's 1942 report identified five "giant evils" facing Britain at the time: want, disease, ignorance, squalor, and idleness. The report led to the establishment of the welfare state to address these issues through programs like the National Health Service, national insurance, public education reforms, council housing developments, and employment assistance. The modern UK welfare state continues to provide services like healthcare, education, unemployment benefits, pensions, and housing assistance using national insurance and taxes.

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Social security may also refer to the action programs of government intended to promote the welfare of the population through assistance measures guaranteeing access to The loss of support suffered by a widow or child as the result of the death of the breadwinner (survivor’s benefit); Responsibility for the maintenance of children (family benefit); The treatment of any morbid condition (including pregnancy), whatever its cause (medical care); A suspension of earnings due to pregnancy and confinement and their consequences (maternity benefit); A suspension of earnings due to an inability to obtain suitable employment for protected persons who are capable of, and available for, work (unemployment benefits); A suspension of earnings due to an incapacity for work resulting from a morbid condition (sickness leave benefit); A permanent or persistent inability to engage in any gainful activity (disability benefits); The costs and losses involved in medical care, sickness leave, invalidity and death of the breadwinner due to an occupational accident or disease (employment injuries). People who cannot reach a guaranteed social minimum for other reasons may be eligible for social assistance (or welfare, in American English). Modern authors often consider the ILO approach too narrow. In their view, social security is not limited to the provision of cash transfers, but also aims at security of work, health, and social participation; and new social risks (single parenthood, the reconciliation of work and family life) should be included in the list as well.

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Running head: EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES 1 EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES 7 Evolution of Human Services Name Professor Course Date Week 1 - Learning Activity Evolution of Human Services Introduction Human service is one of the fields that has continued to evolve over the past ages. This evolution is one of the reasons why policymakers have difficulty dealing with human services (Zins, 2001). To redesign human services to fit the social and academic realms, there is a need to look and understand the history of human services. By looking at the past of human services from the early 11th century, we shall analyze the key advancements that have shaped the field up to the modern-day. Discussion 11th Century Almshouse One of the ancient human services from the 11th century is the almshouse. An almshouse or poorhouses are places that are targeted towards helping the poor people. A poorhouse, also known as a workhouse, is aimed at helping people from poor backgrounds that for one reason or another have been unable to pay their rent or have been rejected by their families. Such target groups include widows, widowers, the elderly, and orphans. The origin of poor houses extends from religious groups. Church systems often adopted the poor in the society who could not help themselves. This was later extended to the local authorities and other local officials. 16th Century By the 16th century, the church and other social institutions were managing human services. However, their provision of services was messy and disorganized. The English government, on the other hand, was repressive and punitive in handling matters of poverty and vagrancy (Kunze, 1971). To sort this issue, the first poor law was set in 1536. This law was further supported in 1547, through taxes that were levied to specifically help the poor in the community. These taxes were further aided in 1576 when the government of England set the rule that the local authorities should provide aid to the poor by the provision of raw materials to aid them in getting work done. 17th Century The 17th century saw the introduction of the Elizabethan Poor Law. The law was introduced in 1601. The law set a requirement for parishes. The parishes had to select certain overseers for the poor. A minimum of two overseers was required for each parish and the main role of the overseer was to set and collect taxes to help the poor. The tax was collected from the landowners. After collection of the taxes, the overseer was responsible for the equitable distribution of food and money to the poor in the community. The overseer was not paid a salary. 18th Century In the 18th century, most of Europe was emerging from the Renaissance period. This is a period that saw England rise from a slumber in various aspects including academics. During this period, there was the advancement of technology and psychology. One particular physician, Philippe Pinel, was instrumental in the development of humane ps ...

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