The Effect Of World Heritage Site Designation On...

The Effect of World Heritage Site Designation on...
1. Introduction
The city of Bath has become a World Heritage Site (WHS) since 1987, identified as "a place of
outstanding universal value for its architecture, town–planning, landscape, archaeological remains
and its role as a setting for social history", which is a unique WHS in Britain covering the whole city
scale instead of only historic core part (UNESCO, 2009).
Following the inscription of Bath from UNESCO (2009), which is "astonishingly, undertaken with
no boundary", WHS designation became a remarkable label for Bath. A large increase in the number
of tourists to Bath after the designation, which makes Bath to be recognized by historic attractions
covering from Roman origins bath to Georgian developments collections of 18th ... Show more
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As Howard (2003) suggests that maintain heritages empty and change it to museum may the
available way in the future, even it might harm the benefits of operators.
2.2 Changes in Local community
2.2.1 Overcrowding and local people's life
Poria(2013) claims that some of the currently designated WHS, since they are recognized as part of
heritage, an increase in demand explosion and tourist boost would be happened. Visitors normally
attracted and associated by the iconic words "World Heritage Site", and treat this site as a culturally
famous and major significance to world (Tucker, 2010). Therefore, the status of overcrowding in
Bath has drawn people's attention.
In order to balance the distance between the increasing tourism demand and the carrying capacity in
Bath, the living cost in bath has to increase, the local surrounding tends to be crowded. WHS
designation attracts more and more visitors to Bath, at the same time, it is creating troubles for
residents or people who need to living in Bath (Poria,2013).
The increasing popularity pressure could not only make house price, living cost increase, but also
lead to the heavy tourism traffic. As one of the symbols of modern tourists, most joyful travels
possibly rely on cars (Howard, 2003). This change could also be a challenge for Bath tourism, which
is hard to spare enough space for affording the increase–parking
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Role Of The State And Of The Real Estate Companies
International development studies tries to explain the dynamics between countries in terms of the
population's well–being by comparing economic, political, social, historical, and cultural factors
(Haslam, Schafer and Beaudet 2012, 5). Indeed, even UNESCO world heritage sites can be
examined under the international development scope. Chile is a country containing five world
heritage sites including the city of Valparaíso. It was declared as an UNESCO heritage site1 in 2003.
A particular case study was analyzed on the impacts that this declaration has on the local population.
This case study is an important topic to international development since it focuses on poverty,
culture, neoliberalism, and urban development which are issues ... Show more content on
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The weak presence of the state makes it more difficult for states to implement policies and adequate
urban planning that take into account local realities (Hidalgo, Borsdorf and San Martín 2014, 237).
The city's municipal government is in charge of managing the site. However, since it is
economically dependent on the federal government, no specific funds are allocated to the
management of Valparaíso (Hidalgo, Borsdorf and San Martín 2014, 229).
1
The classification of the town as a world heritage site has important implications detrimental to the
socially and economically disadvantaged inhabitants of Valparaíso on a microeconomic level.
Firstly, natural and human–induced hazards have important repercussions on the local destitute
population4. Gentrification acts in a way that increases their vulnerability to hazards5. Often,
buildings and artefacts are more vulnerable to hazards in heritage sites. Thus, when a natural or
human–made disaster occurs, the urban poor are more prone to lose their home due to the unsafe
and unstable structure of the buildings. In addition, with the advent of early phases of gentrification,
it is very difficult for the affected population to find new living space in the city centre because of a
"chronic shortage [or even absence] of low–cost housing" (Takamura 2015). As a result, this can
lead to another issue: out–migration patterns of the lower class to adjacent cities. This not only
causes immaterial cultural

Unesco And The World Heritage List
UNESCO and the World Heritage List
After the devastation created by World War I, and II, UNESCO (United Nations Educational,
Scientific, and Cultural Organization) was founded in 1945. This organization was created as a way
to establish peace, based on humanity's intellectual and moral solidarity. Then in 1972, UNESCO
founded the World Heritage Convention as a way to protect sites of exceptional worldwide
importance (UNESCO, 2012). This convention was later ratified by 191 countries, making it almost
globally accepted. The World Heritage List is made up of outstanding places that are to be
safeguarded for future generations. These places include the Pyramids of Egypt, the Galápagos
Islands in Ecuador, as well as the Acropolis in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The nomination can then be submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review. Once complete the
file can then be sent to the appropriate Advisory Bodies for evaluation. Two Advisory Bodies, both
of which evaluate a site being nominated, include the International Council on Monuments and Sites
(ICOMOS) and the World Conservation Union (IUCN). These committees provide evaluations on a
site. There is a third Advisory Body known as the International Centre for the Study of the
Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), which provides expert advice as to
the conservation of cultural sites, along with training activities. The World Heritage Committee will
then make a final decision on whether a site will receive an inscription. This committee meets once
a year to decide upon nominations, and can defer a request. When a site is deferred, it is usually
because more information is needed from the state party nominating the location. Standards for
selection must include outstanding universal value, and meet a minimum of one of the ten selection
criteria (World Heritage Center, 2013:30–31).
As stated on UNESCO's (2012) website, there are 10 criteria for the nomination of World Heritage
Sites (Cultural criteria are listed in section I–VI and Natural criteria are placed in VII–X):
(I) represent a masterpiece of human creative genius; (II) exhibit an important interchange of human
values, over a span of time or

Visit Visitor Statistics Of Saint Catherine World Heritage...
A– Visitor Statistics of Saint Catherine World Heritage Area Pre–nomination, the site of the Saint
Catherine monastery as a part of the protectorate area of Saint Catherine receives about 750 to 1000
visitors per day that has been recognized (Nomination File, 2002). In fact, the visitor numbers to the
St. Catherine WH area is notably duplicated from 150000.00 to 300000.00 from 1996 to 2002, this
100.0 per cent increase rate may cope with the tremendous gross of the visitor number in Sharm El
Sheikh (EEAA, 2004). Post–nomination, the numbers have fluctuated between 284000.00 to
448000.00 visitors per year from 2003 until 2010 (EEAA, Sector, N. C. St. Catherine, 2015). Table
(3): Visitor Statistic of ST. Catherine World Heritage Area Minimum Maximum Visitor Numbers
150000.00 448265.00 Years 1996 2010 B– Source of Time–series Statistics of Visitors After the
designation, the EEAA has started to impose entrance fees on the protectorate area of St. Catherine
as part of implementing the management plan in 2003. Accordingly, an accurate statistic is officially
obtained from the EEAA, Sector, N.C. of Saint Catherine Protectorate, after a declaration of
permission for the sake of Academic purposes. The data from 2003 until 2010 are considered by the
research, because from 2011 until today, the visitor numbers have been influenced by the political
and security changes. Consequently, the selection of interviewees takes into account an adequate
experience includes those who

Importance Of Machu Picchu
The site that I have chosen Is Machu Picchu. It is an Incan citadel set high in the Andes mountains
in Peru, above the Urubamba River valley. The site was built in the 15th century but was later
abandoned, Machu Picchu is renowned for its sophisticated dry–stone walls that fuse huge blocks
without the use of a motor and intriguing buildings. Machu Picchu has polished dry–stone walls,
three primary structures which are the Intihuatana, the temple of the sun, the room of the three
windows. Many of the outlying building structures have been reconstructed in order to give the
tourist a better idea of how the structures originally appeared. Machu Picchu lies in the southern
hemisphere at 13.164 degrees south of the equator. Archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was
constructed as an estate for the Inca emperor, which can often be mistakenly referred to as the "Lost
City of the Incas". The site was built in a classical Inca style. By 1976, thirty percent of Machu
Picchu had been restored and the restoration has continued. The site Machu Picchu was declared a
UNESCO world heritage site and a Peruvian Historical Sanctuary in 1981.
Ecological sustainability is the capacity of the biosphere to meet the needs of the present generation,
it does this without affecting the future generation's needs. At Machu Picchu, there are natural
surroundings like terraces and ramps which seem as if they have been naturally cut in the continuous
rock escarpments. Machu Picchu's natural

National Trust For Historic Preservation
Heritage tourism is a growing niche in the tourism industry and it is something that most tourists
will engage at. By breaking the term is separated into heritage and tourism, the term heritage is
mainly associated with the meaning of the inheritance of something that is passed on throughout the
ages (Nuryanti, 1996). Tourism can be interpreted as the movement to somewhere to experience a
contrast to the current way of living (Miller, 2015). The definition that the National Trust for
Historic Preservation provides, "traveling to experience the places, artifacts and activities that
authentically represent the stories and people of the past and present" explains heritage tourism very
well (Hargrove, 2002). A more cynical definition explains heritage tourism as "a contemporary
commodity purposefully created to satisfy contemporary consumption". For the purpose of this
paper, heritage tourism shall be defined as traveling to satisfy the feeling of contrast of experiencing
the places, artifacts, and activities that have undergone the passage of time through the guise of
authenticity. Tourists going to see the Roman Coliseum casually, or tourists participating in a local
ritual, in this paper, would be both considered as heritage tourism. It is also important to know the
broker–local–tourist model, which is Fig 2 in the appendix, and the terms will be defined
subsequently. Brokers will be defined as any "persons who in one way or another, manage, design or
otherwise seek in their

Heritage Notation Assessment
Property Values
The affects of Heritage notation orders
Detailed analysis
23rd April 2012
Contents
Abstract Introduction What is Heritage Significance? What is a Heritage notation order? What are
the benefits of heritage listing? What does a heritage listing entail? How is the community affected?
What are the disadvantages of heritage listing? The role of local government planning. The role of
the Commonwealth. The positive impact of heritage listing on value. The negative impact of
heritage listing on value Conclusion References 3 4 5 5 7 8 8 9 11 12 12 13 14 15
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Property Values
2
Abstract
When determining Heritage property values, multiple factors must be taken into consideration both
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Many areas are sought after due to their streetscape, environmental landscape and location to
transport facilities. Our heritage gives us a sense of living history and provides a physical link to the
work and way of life of earlier generations. It enriches our lives and helps us to understand who we
are today.
Property Values
4
1. What is Heritage Significance?
The concept of heritage significance is based upon an idea that a place or an artefact may be
historic, scientific, aesthetic or social value for the past, present and future generations. The state of
New South Wales has two main types of heritage listings known as conservation areas and heritage

items. An item listed as heritage identifies that a place or object has some heritage significance.
There are four main permitted lists for heritage listings, for places that are local such as a council
district, state–wide, Australia–wide and internationally. Local items of heritage significance are
listed on Local Environment Plans, at the local council. The State Heritage Register lists our State's
most significant heritage places. The Nationale Heritage List contains details of Australia–wide
heritage items or places. The World Heritage List contains items of world wide significance. There
is currently 936 properties listed as outstanding universal value. Heritage places gathered from all
lists combined demonstrate and illustrate the unique history of NSW and Australia. As physical links
to

Fraser: The Larger Sand Island in the World Essay
Fraser island is the largest sand island in the world. It's located on the east coast of Australia. Some
scientists considered this island as a heaven on earth. It has the tallest rainforest worldwide, very
long continuous white sand beaches with flanked colorful cliffs, large lakes of pure rain water.
Almost all the property is considered as a National
Park. A very small area is dedicated to secure the island. This This island was listed as a world
heritage site by the
UNESCO in 1992. UNESCO has cretin criterions and requirements that a site must fulfill to be
considered as a world heritage site. Fraser Island succeeded in satisfying 3 main different criterions.
It has an outstanding nature phenomena,
It represent main stages of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This behavior influenced the whole plants system and made it more sophisticated for example, the
developed contains a specific nutritions that the tall trees need.This is another reason that the
UNESCO considered to list the island as a heritage site. The last but not least, Fraser island preform
a continuos evolutions in both ecological and biological lives. The unique biological features
represented in the rainforest that grew on a sand dune system. The outstanding connection between
these dunes system and the fresh water and the soil creation is exceptional and very impressive due
to its complexity. In fact, such rainforest that has trees up to 50 meter tall on costal sand dune never
happened any where else in the world. The greenery lands represents a high degree of
complications, with very different structural system from the areas near Fraser island. This island
contains special feature that made the rare and threatened invertebrate and vertebrate such as certain
species of frogs. In conclusion, Fraser island lister as a world heritage site for its out standing
natural beauty, it represents a development in creatures for a long period of time, and its lasting
evolution in freshwater, sand dunes, animals and trees. Its rainforest that grew above the sand dunes
is a one of a kind situation and it has never accrued any where else.
In my opinion, this island is breathtaking, perfect shores to relax on, perfect rainforest to stare at.
After

The Special Features Of The Independence Hall
The special features of the Independence Hall widely vary. In this exact building, on the 4th of July
1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed and soon after the Constitution of The United
States was drafted, debated and signed. Representatives from the 13 colonies were present, and it is
widely agreed that this building is the birthplace of the United States of America. The building itself
has significantly changed over its 260 year existence. The most notable changes have been in the
1830s, when the assembly room was restored and the steeple reconstructed, by revival architect,
John Haviland. In the 1950s, the National Park Service returned it to its original 1753 appearance.
Five large rooms over the two stories are packed full ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Criteria VI – It is also directly associated with the event of Independence Day in America, meeting
the sixth criteria to become a World Heritage Site. This event is widely celebrated in the United
States of America, with this day becoming a public holiday in America, and with it comes along
many traditions that are celebrated including watching football and lighting firecrackers
The Independence Hall Park, which is the surrounding park, is also a highly visited place in
Philadelphia. People of all ages come here to celebrate their American heritage, and to spend time
with their family.
Independence Hall itself is packed with enough history for two World Heritage Sites. The second
floor of the building was once used as a museum of natural history, as well as the basement being
used as a dog pound. While the British occupied Philadelphia in 1777, it was also used as a hospital
for American soldiers.
6. Type of World Heritage Site
Independence Hall is a Cultural Site
7. About the World Heritage Convention
Originating in 1972, the World Heritage Convention reads that it is the duty of each state party that
signs the treaty to nominate potential World Heritage Sites, propose how it is currently being
protected, and

What it Takes for a Site to be Inscribe on the UNESCO...
The process required for a site to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List is long and
complicated. It has four main steps, each of which are a process in themselves: placement on a
tentative list, submission of a nomination file, evaluation by an Advisory Body, and a final decision
by the World Heritage Committee. The entire process usually takes about a year and a half, but can
vary depending of the time taken for each step (World Heritage Ireland, 2010). In order to submit
sites to the World Heritage List, a country must first sign the World Heritage Convention, thereby
committing to protecting their natural and culture heritage. After that, the State Party, in Ireland's
case, the Department of Arts, Heritage and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The State Party should include both a management history of and a history of the culture
surrounding the site in order to help establish its authenticity, integrity, and how it fits the selection
criteria. The definitions of 'authenticity' and 'integrity' that UNESCO uses are in the Nara Document
on Authenticity (World Heritage Ireland, 2010). The State Party can demonstrate the authenticity
and integrity by listing and defending any and all works completed on the site, whether for
conservation, restoration, or adaptation (World Heritage Ireland, 2010). This history of works is
important, because if a site has been reconstructed so many times that barely an of the original
survives, the site may no longer have authenticity. The history of the site itself and the surrounding
culture is also important, because it helps to demonstrate the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of
the site, as well as how it might fit the criteria as a unique or exceptional example of cultural
traditions, civilizations living or dead, or any of the other ten criteria. The nomination file also has to
contain a management plan to insure the OUV, authenticity, and integrity of the site are maintained
for future generations. The management plan can be one of the most difficult aspects of the
nomination file, because it requires so much cooperation between all of the owners of the site,
stakeholders in the

Politics, Place, And The Past : The Challenges Of Heritage
Politics, Place, and the Past: The Challenges of Heritage in South Asia Name: Institution: Politics,
Place, and the Past: The Challenges of Heritage in South Asia 1) What types of challenges to
archaeological resources are discussed by the authors? The archaeological sites that comprise of
relics are managed in a similar way to other important items of environmental heritage. They ought
to be treated in the similar way and with the same level of assessment and consideration like any
other surviving past physical pieces of evidence such as precincts, works, buildings and landscapes.
The archeological resources are faced with a wide array of challenges. According to Coningham and
Gunawardhana (2013) the major challenges facing the archaeological resources include looting and
a high level of destruction. The damages are mainly as a result of the expansion of fields for
agricultural purposes and the quarrying the ancient pillars and stone slabs for the purpose of
providing building material. The reasons as to why the majority of stupas and image houses have
been targeted have been due to their Buddhists relics. Looting of the relics has become a major
problem (Coningham and Gunawardhana, 2013). Lacking the necessary manpower and money,
looters have managed to dig up Buddhists artifacts and the black market trades of the antiquities
have posed major problems in the efforts of nations that want to preserve their national heritage and
archeological resources.

History Of The Statue Of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty is a popular icon across the and instantly recognized. This paper offers a brief
summary of the site, the history, where it is located within the country and discuss why it is a World
Heritage Sites. The Statue welcomes thousands of immigrants and visitors to the United States.
The United States means freedom and opportunity for most of the world's oppressed and the Statue
of Liberty standing tall in New York Bay symbolize that in New York Bay for the millions of
immigrants (Statue of Liberty, 2013). Not only it becomes a famous sign of United States, but also
the Statue of Liberty is an icon for freedom and hope. Erected in New York harbor island in 1886
(Charles, n.d.). "The New Colossus," the famous poem from Emma ... Show more content on
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The famous statue still enjoys a universal value of freedom and liberty and gives hopes to millions
of people. It has been well maintained through its lifetime as if she's alive, and it is interesting to see
that the Statue of Liberty was herself an immigrant. She is a beloved symbol of freedom and is a
tribute to all the people who created her, and have been behind her for the ideal she represents. The
statue is valuable as World Heritage site and represents the friendship between nations. It carries an
immense historical importance, and it is really valuable to the people of the world as one of the
world's most familiar landmarks. Tourists on a trip to the US make it a point to see the famous
Statue and see a living piece of

Why Should Not Be Placed On The World Heritage
The World Heritage Committee decides whether a site should or should not be placed on the World
Heritage list, designated, or postponed. The decision is based upon guidance from the Advisory
Bodies. The committee then approves a Statement of Outstanding Universal Value for the site. This
statement consists of their resolution that the site has Outstanding Universal Value. The declaration
is also the foundation for any management and fortification the site may need in the future. If the
site is not to be inscribed onto the World Heritage List, the only way redetermination may take place
is under extraordinary situations. These conditions can include new scientific discoveries or
information, otherwise if differing criteria that was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Any information that is needed by the Advisory Bodies must be requested by January 31 (year 2).
Evaluations and recommendations from the Advisory Bodies will be received by the Secretariat six
weeks before the World Heritage Committee meets (year 2). The Secretariat then will transfer the
information to the state party, and the World Heritage Committee. Fourteen days before the World
Heritage Committee meets the state party needs to send any errors in the Advisory Bodies
recommendations or evaluations. The World Heritage Committee's annual session takes place in
either June or July (year 2). Immediately following this session, either the site is inscribed, referred,
or deferred (World Heritage Center, 2013:43–45). Just as a site can be inscribed on the World
Heritage List, a site can be removed. The process for deletion from the list can include loss of
attributes that enabled the site onto the list, if these features are threatened, or if measures by the
state party have not happened. The World Heritage Committee will explore all information as to the
deterioration of a site. A vote requires two–thirds of the members to agree to delete a location from
the World Heritage List. The committee then notifies the public, and publication of this modification
will take place (World Heritage Center, 2013:53–54). Germany 's Dresden Elbe Valley and the
Arabian Oryx Sanctuary in Oman have both been removed from the World Heritage List

Cultural Heritage And Cultural Culture
Cultural heritage is a testimony to reflect the distinctiveness of a place made by human (English
Heritage, 2009; United Nations of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage
Centre [WHC], 2008). According to Macau Cultural Affairs Bureau (n.d.), Macau has a wealth of
cultural heritage which illustrates the interchange between China and the West such as knowledge,
religions, and social trends. Thus, Macau is listed as Historic Centre of Macau in the World Heritage
List since there is a significant number of cultural heritage built in western style as well as local
style in China. (Macau Cultural Affairs Bureau, n.d.). In 2014, tourist arrival amounts to 31,525,632
and total spending of visitors is MOP 61.75 billion (Documentation and Information Centre of
Statistics and Census Service, 2015). As a result, cultural tourism promotes the growth of the
economy as the well as the living environment. Therefore, the essay examines the importance of
place identity in heritage conservation and some benefits of cultural tourism. Then, it reflects some
challenges in the sustainability of heritage management. Finally, it explains how community
engagement contributes the viability of heritage conservation. Heritage conservation illustrates the
place diversity of the place which convinces the community to recognise their place identity.
According to the World Heritage Centre (2008), the preservation of heritage inspires people with
creativity as well as innovation.

Tourism In Nepal Essay
Tourism define as "visitors who visit the different place or country from their usual environment less
than a year for any reason such as business meeting, holidays, education tour, sports tour are known
as tourism" (UNWTO, 2010).
In Nepal, the tourism industry started in 1955 when it issued the first tourist visa at the request of
president of Russia, Boris Lissanevitch (Rana 2013). She also mentioned that in the late 1960s the
members of hippie subculture visitors began to increase dramatically. A decade later, 1970s Nepal
was one of the very popular spots for holiday makers and cultural tourist. A few decades later, in
1990s the Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) was established. According to Naturally Nepal organisation
they mentioned in report that, "Nepal Tourism Board had started in 1998 in the form of partnership
between the private tourism industry and government of Nepal". They also mentioned that this
group will work to develop the tourist destination in Nepal for to attract more tourists.
This report will highlight the historical events of the tourism in Nepal. And also include the different
tourist destinations and how it effects on the environment. Finally, it will detail the Nepal
governments how to develop the tourism industry in future.
Tourist destinations in Nepal Nepal is amazing tourist's attraction destination. Most of the religious,
natural site is listed in World Heritage Sites (UNESCO). There are many religious sites which attract
the tourists to visit,

The Importance Of Cultural Heritage
In an era of globalization governed by financial targets and money return, cultural heritage being an
important humanity asset becomes victim of oppressive and destroying actions meant to institute
economic and social progress. Cultural destructiveness and ignorance are observed in Banksy's
graffiti of a worker jet blasting over prehistoric art from a city wall. As progress along with mass
and cyber media tend to gain territory and people's sympathy, we must be responsible to safeguard
the cultural legacy which is the basis of humanity. Marcus Garvey said, "A people without the
knowledge of their past history, origin, and culture is like a tree without roots." (Brainy Quote).
Being unique and irreplaceable, cultural heritage keeps us attached to our religion, customs and
ancestors and charges us to preserve it for the future generations. However, culture loss or
deculturation becomes a living threat caused by rapid modernization. Culture cannot fit itself in a
money–oriented and fast paced world where people have a tendency to become materialistic.
Globalization as a promoter of integration of societies and new opportunities is in fact a culture
killer which causes loss of identity. How can antique or medieval art protect itself or withstand the
contemporary art when our society insists to take the plunge into globalization? Murzacov 2 A vivid
example of modernization taking over the cultural heritage is the city of Manilla, Philippines
presented by the reporter, Erika

German Nazi Concentration And Extermination Camp (1940-1945)
Auschwitz Birkenau
German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940–1945) The United Nations
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is committed to conserving and
protecting the naturally and culturally significant sites of the world. A world heritage site is a place
that is culturally or environmentally significant to the world. The World Heritage Convention,
adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO in 1972, puts together both the preservation of
nature and the preservation of sites that are culturally significant to society. The idea for this
convention came after UNESCO was involved in rescuing the Abu Simbel Temple in Egypt. The
building of the Aswan High Dam threatened to flood the valley and destroy the ancient temple.
UNESCO launched an international campaign to save the temple and the temple was eventually
dismantled, moved, and reassembled in a location safe from flooding. Fifty countries donated to the
campaign, raising nearly half of the cost of the operation. The convention was adopted a few years
later so that the states parties could join together to protect the world's natural and cultural heritage.
The convention also provides access to the World Heritage Fund to help fund the states' efforts in
identifying and preserving sites. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many people feel that the list encourages too many people to visit the sites and that the preservation
of them is in danger because of it. It is said that the commodification of these sites hampers a
visitor's ability to have an authentic experience and truly understand the importance of where they
are. Furthermore, commodification can also threaten indigenous culture by imposing modern
concepts and establishments to deal with the amount of

Essay On The Great Stupa Of Sanchi
The Great Stupa, Sanchi One of the outstanding monuments in India, the Great Stupa, Sanchi,
leaves a lasting impression on its visitors. It is found that its construction is started back in the 3rd
century during Mauryan emperor Ashoka's regime and researchers believe that it is one of the most
ancient stone structures India has in its geographical boundary (Archaeological Survey of India). At
the present time, it is in Sanchi town, situated in one of the India's states, Madhya Pradesh's Raisen
district. This Buddhist pilgrimage attraction is not remained only as a tourist spot in India, but it has
world's recognition as well. UNESCO has recognized its legacy and includes it in World heritage
site category. In truth, it is one of the marvel architectures in India, which depicts ancient Buddhist
art and architecture, of which construction and amendments spans into several different centuries
(third century BC to the twelfth century AD) (UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 1989). The thesis of
the paper is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many theorists have interpreted several studies on this Stupa for its relation with nature's elements.
For example, the Great Stupa of Sanchi has surrounded by a balustrade reminiscent of Sun's circuit.
Further, having 28 posts, harmika balustrade represents the number of nakshatras (Subhash, 2010).
Likewise, its orientation is also kept in line with the center of the structure and assigning a vector to
determine the exact East–West line on the date of the Spring equinox. Further, talking about its
symbolism, Stupa, it represents freedom from the birth–death cycle, and while its dome represents
world egg and Buddha's life and other Jataka stories epitomize Buddha himself. Similarly, four
gateways denote elements of Buddhist philosophy. Its hill location even represents the spreading of
beneficial influence in all

Valuing Uluru As An Aboriginal Cultural Landscape
Title: Valuing Uluru as an Aboriginal Cultural Landscape
By Eliya El Khoury
Heritage and its management assessment 1
Macquarie University
Introduction The United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization (UNESCO)
(2012), define cultural landscape as "cultural properties that represent the combined works of nature
and of man." It is a broad concept that can be referred to as the appearance of the earth's surface, and
its depiction in arts, human cultures and general territories (Steve Hoelscher 2007, p. 76). There
exist many cultural landscapes that represent different regions from around the world, and to date
there are 88 cultural landscapes and 4 trans–boundary properties on the world heritage list
(UNESCO) (n.d.).
Uluru, formerly known as Ayers rock, is a dome shaped sandstone monolith located in the Uluṟu –
Kata Tjuṯa National Park in the Northern Territory state of Australia (UNESCO) (n.d.). It
traditionally lies in the aboriginal lands of the Anangu people. Uluru was added to the world
heritage list year 1987, and was classified as a cultural landscape due to its rock formations, caves,
water springs, fauna and flora and its ancient aboriginal paintings.
Uluru is a very scenic location; the rock itself is notable to its color alteration according to the time
of day. Uluru is also home to a great number of plants, birds and animals, even though it lies in a
desert environment (Australian Department of the Environment, Parks

The Rise Of Rome 's Decline Of 378 Ad ( Wilkes, 1992 )
After Rome's decline in 378 AD (Wilkes, 1992:265), parts of the amphitheater were restructured and
used as chapels. The main sanctuary was built into the alcove, which originally housed the pulvinar
(elevated imperial box) and vomitorium. Byzantine mosaics and frescos indicate that these chapels
were created during the fifth century AD (Figure 4; Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:574–575; Isufi,
2006:11; Jacques, 1995:154; Karaiskaj, 2004:13; UNESCO, 2004:35–37). A second chapel and
possible third were built on the north side of the stadium (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:574; Bowes et
al., 2003:392). Sometime during the seventh century, the arena began to be used as a graveyard,
known as the necropolis. There are also several Byzantine art forms, dating from the ninth through
eleventh centuries (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:581; Bowes et al., 2003:391–392; Jacques, 1995:154–
155; UNESCO, 2004:36–37). The cemetery ceased to be used by the inhabitants of Dyrrachium, at
some point during the Middle Ages (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:574; Bowes et al., 2003:388–389).
Figure 4. Byzantine mosaics and frescos (Ponce de Leon, 2013)
The last known mention of the amphitheater was by Marinus Barletius in the early sixteenth century.
As the modern city of Durrës grew, the auditorium was covered over and forgotten about.
Throughout the Ottoman expansion of the city, parts of the arena 's walls were used as foundations
for homes (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:570; Giandebiaggi and Vernizzi, 2013:527).

Things To Do In Southwestern Quebec, Canada
Main Article 1
Meta Title: Things to Do in Southwestern Quebec – Best Western Hotels
Meta Desc: Get to know the best of Southwestern Quebec's cool cultural scene, breathtaking
landscapes, vibrant festivals, and fantastic farms. Book your stay today.
H1: Discover Natural Wonders & Historic Marvels in Southwestern Quebec, Canada
Content: Southwestern Quebec is home to some of the most iconic landmarks and spirited events in
the country. There are plenty of outdoor thrills, amazing architecture, annual festivals, and cultural
richness at every corner.
From the Eastern Townships practically rubbing shoulders with Vermont and New Hampshire to a
bustling city like Montreal and scenic Laurentian Mountains, Southwestern Quebec is certainly ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Montreal's calendar is jam–packed with concerts, live music shows, and opera performances.
Soak up the artsy scene of Montreal and Gatineau with museums and galleries galore like the Musée
des Beaux–Art du Montreal and the Canadian Museum of History. Churches and basilicas also wow
with their architectural structures.
Teaser 4
H2: Catch Exciting Year–Round Sports Games
Content: Southwestern Quebec is home to year–round sports action. National Hockey League and
Montreal Canadians sound familiar? Ice Hockey and Football are their pride and passion. Hear the
crowd roar at the multi–purpose Bell Sports Complex. Soccer doesn't get left behind either. Watch
these competitive athletes do their thing on the field of Saputo Stadium.
Main Article 2
Meta Title: Things to Do in Central Quebec, Canada – Best Western Hotels
Meta Desc: Discover Central Quebec's scenic cities along the St. Lawrence River. Visit historic
museums and iconic attractions. Book your Best Western hotel today.
H1: Explore Scenic Sights & Historic Treasures in Central Quebec, Canada

Content: Central Quebec is home to the capital of the province and some of the most top–rated
attractions can be found here. When charming cities like Quebec City and Charlevoix are hugged by
the St. Lawrence River, it's safe to say you can expect a scenic landscape, many

Informational Essay Of Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu Informational Essay Some people don't know the great and amazing place called
Manchu Picchu, which is an old Inca building that many architects admire. Those people don't know
that thousands of tourists and visitors come to look at it, wonder about its past, and to reflect off of
it. In source two, the author states that "A world heritage is a place that is amazing. The United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization support that Machu Picchu is a world
heritage." This shows the reader how important and stunning Machu Picchu was. In this essay we
are going to talk about what was so amazing about Machu Picchu, how it affected the environment
and how it inspired architects, and how and who made it.
Starting it off with what made Machu Picchu so amazing, was the type of stone it was built with.
The building was made out of granite ashlars, was 79 acres wide and long, and was 7,800 feet above
sea level on the Peruvian Andes. Manchu Picchu was the most beautiful urban creation of the Inca
Empire, with its giant walls, terraces, and ramps. It is also standing 2,430 m ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The land that it is at today was owned by the Spaniards, but when the Inca battle them and won they
got to own the land. Then the Spaniards fought back and took over the Inca Empire. Then the author
wrote "Not Intel 1911, it was given for the world to see." This shows how long the Spaniards wanted
to keep their new Empire that they stool from the Incas. It is now today in Peru's national areas
system for cultural and natural heritage. The management unit for the world heritage was established
I 1999. The two great Incas Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui and Tupac Inca Yupanqui ruled and built the
great architecture building. The ruler Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui ruled Machu Picchu during the
years 1438, and 1471. The ruler Tupac Inca Yupanqui ruled Mach Picchu during the years 1472, and

The Arab Civil War And The Destruction Of Ancient Objects...
Since the early twenty–first century and even before, museums in the Middle East have had to learn
to cope with conflict. Syria is the best example of a country with many cultural heritage sites and
museums that are in danger due to conflict. The onset of the Syrian Civil War and the destruction of
ancient objects and cultural heritage sites by ISIS have been the most recent manifestation of this.
As a result of the Syrian Civil War and ISIS takeover, sites like Palmyra and the Aleppo historic city
center have been heavily damaged ("The Race to Save Syria 's Archaeological Treasures." 2016).
Palmyra has stood for thousands of years, as prominent commercial site in ancient times and as a
symbol Syrian cultural identity in recent times. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ISIS's motivations revolve around looting and smuggling of ancient artifacts for funding (al–Frieh
2016), religious cleansing for the 'restoration of true Islam,' a chance to make news headlines
worldwide to spread fear and intimidation of local populations (Swicord 2016). The dangers of war
have driven away many people who could protect these cultural heritage sites and the objects within
them, and now they are helpless in the face of destruction in conflict and being smuggled for profit.
Palmyra was a victim of this when ISIS captured the city in May of 2015 and controlled it for about
one year. The city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site with remains nearly 2000 years old ("ISIL
captures strategic Syrian city of Palmyra." 2015). During its occupation, the city faced several kinds
of destruction at the hands of its captors. The city had already been damaged from the fighting and
shelling that resulted in its capture. The city's Temple of Ba'al was severely damaged by mortar fire.
ISIS also carried out many deliberate acts of violence against the objects and architecture. In the
months following their victory, ISIS militants destroyed the Temple of Ba'al's primary building and
other structures, like the nearby Temple of Baalshamin and the decorative arches built by the
Romans in the second century CE. They destroyed and defaced these larger like architecture and
sculptures with explosives and jackhammers ("The Race to Save Syria 's

The Call : Modern Day Pilgrims
Main article: Heeding the Call: Modern–Day Pilgrims Following in footsteps, spreading kindness,
and protecting heritage. By Helen Avery There are the tourists–those who seek temporary relaxation,
or famous sights. There are the travelers–those who wander, without aim, for the love of moving.
There are the explorers–those seeking adventure, the thrill of unearthing things rarely seen. And then
there are the pilgrims. The traditional pilgrim is someone who surrenders the life they once knew to
make a journey of devotion to a sacred site. It's not necessarily the destination, but their growing
faith along their journey that they seek. They set off with hands empty, free of expectation, carrying
only a willingness to be guided, to bear ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On his way he discovered that the only way to move forward was to trust that his cinematic journey
would be met with support by the universe. In their willingness to have the courage and faith to set
off, these modern pilgrims find their hearts opening, and a deeper call to service emerges. As Bel's
love for people and their heritage has deepened, she now finds herself called to work within the
protection and preservation of the world's wonders. Leon found his heart "cracked open" during his
first trip across the U.S., and now has made his life's mission to connect people through kindness.
The path of the modern pilgrim can be as self–realizing as those who follow the path of saints. Matt
says he has come to know himself intimately by walking in the shoes of over 8.4 million New
Yorkers. Dalya has found peace and freedom that lies within her, irrespective of worldly comforts.
Indeed, the message of these pilgrims is that life itself can be a pilgrimage–if we just surrender to it.
Possible famous quotes to accompany the main article: "As I make my slow pilgrimage through the
world, a certain sense of beautiful mystery seems to gather and grow." – A. C. Benson "Curiosity
does, no less than devotion, pilgrims make." – Abraham Cowley "Pilgrims are poets who create by
taking journeys" – Richard R. Niebuhr "I have arrived, I am home. My destination is in each step." –
Thich Nhat Hahn Pilgrim profiles: Name: Brian Gibson Pilgrimage: Retracing the footsteps of

The Cultural Heritage Of Albania
Consequently, in 1991 at the World Heritage Committee's Fifteenth Session, they ruled on the
Durrës Amphitheatre and stated, "While recognizing the importance of this property as part of the
cultural heritage of Albania...it did not meet the criteria for inscription on the World Heritage List as
defined for the purposes of the application of the Convention" (Convention Concerning the
Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Fifteenth Session, 1991:30). As of 1996, the
amphitheater was placed "under consideration" by UNESCO. Currently Albania has four sites
nominated for consideration, according to UNESCO (2012), which includes the Durrës
amphitheater (11/10/1996), Les tombes de la Basse Selca (11/10/1996), Natural and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The need for restoration and rehabilitation of the amphitheater are the consequence of having been
lost for over 500 years. Chaotic urban planning took place as the modern city of Durrës grew;
unfortunately, most of its development took place right on top of the arena. Ultimately, the city's
organization has affected the structural integrity and deterioration of the auditorium, since
excavation (Figure 5; Molla, 2014:32). Further damage has taken place due to looting, which has
added to the wear and tear to the building's overall integrity (Karaiskaj, 2004:13). The amphitheater,
along with the Byzantine mosaics and frescos are in dwindling condition (Jacques, 1995:154). Part
of the poor form of the arena, can be traced to an ongoing presence of water. Even though at one
point, there was a bilge water pump installed from 2005–2008, it seems to have not been used
during this period. Many of the frescos and mosaics in the Byzantine chapel also have been badly
damaged from these conditions. Rainwater seeps through both the polycarbonate covers and a
ventilation chamber, causing more moisture to encounter the artwork, instead of protecting them
(Ponce de Leon, 2013:9).
Figure 5. Modern Durrës around the amphitheater
Part of the amphitheater's cultural importance comes from Durrës historic past, and its association
with the Roman and Byzantium Empires (Ponce de Leon, 2013:3). Currently there is an agreement
between the

The Nomination Process For A Site
The nomination process for a site to be considered on the World Heritage List is comprised of five
steps, which include the tentative list, nomination file, advisory bodies, World Heritage Committee,
and criteria for selection. The tentative list is where a country makes an inventory of all cultural and
natural heritages within the site 's boundaries. This tentative list may be submitted for inscription for
the next five to ten years, and can be updated at any time. This step needs to take place before the
World Heritage Committee can consider a site for inscription on the World Heritage. The
nomination file includes all necessary documentation and maps of the site. This nomination can then
be submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review. Once complete the file can then be sent to the
appropriate Advisory Bodies for evaluation. There are two Advisory Bodies. Both of which evaluate
a site that is being nominated, and include the International Council on Monuments and Sites
(ICOMOS) and the World Conservation Union (IUCN). These committees provide evaluations on a
site. There is a third Advisory Body known as the International Centre for the Study of the
Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM). This last group provides expert
advice as to the conservation of cultural sites, along with training activities. The World Heritage
Committee will then make a final decision on whether a site will receive an inscription. This
committee meets once a

Sydney Harbor Research Paper
8 of Australia's Greatest Landmarks
From the near the cities to in the middle of deserts to out in the ocean. From being man made to
being created by nature. Everyone of these places has a different shape, color, and size. Visited by
people year long, the landmarks scattered across Australia are truly amazing sights to experience.
Each with an interesting story to tell on how they came to be and why they are known as Australia's
greatest landmarks.
3,000 events per year are held in this iconic location.
Located in the perfect harbor setting, Bennlong Point, the Sydney Opera House can be seen and
experienced by anyone entering the harbor. This place is known as a 20th century architectural icon
because the design of the building makes it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While in other places, there are islands that are 1,100 meters above sea level. The Great Barrier reef
consists of 400 different types of coral, 1,500 species of fish, and 4,000 types of mollusc. This place
is also a large attraction to scuba divers looking to see some magnificent coral arrangements.
4. One of the largest monoliths in the world is mostly underground!
The commonly known as Ayers Rock skyrockets 348 meters high. This large rock is about 9
kilometers around its base. Only ⅓ of the rock is above ground while the other ⅔ is hidden
underneath the surface. In 1873, the rock was named after Henry Ayers, the premier of South
Australia. It was named by a british explorer named William Gosse. The traditional name is actually
Uluru given by the locals a long while back. The Ayres rock was under control of the government
for a while, but then later became part of the Kata Tjuta National Park.
5. Beautiful beach has been a backdrop to many recent movies and tv shows.
Bondi Beach is known is Australia as one of the prettiest and most popular beaches in Australia. The
beach itself is pretty long at about 1 kilometer. Visitors from everywhere inhabit the beach all year
long doing a variety of activities like surfing. The Australian National Heritage list added Bondi
Beach to their list in 2009. The word "bondi" is actually an Aboriginal word that means water
breaking over rocks. The name is kind of ironic because of the small amount of

The Development Of Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is defined in many methods, but the official definition is explained through
Our Common Future: "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains two key
concepts: the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world 's poor, to which
overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology
and social organization on the environment 's ability to meet present and future needs." From my
point of view, there are three key points existing in this explanation: the needs of each class in the
society, the limitation of development as well as the demands of present and future generation.
These three points will be analyzed in detail below.
In fact, mass tourism has provided a relevantly equal opportunity for people that they can treat
themselves to the pleasure of tourism. However, the holiday might be destroyed because of the
crowed heritage sites and expensive price. The needs of present visitors may not be achieved.
Meanwhile, the valued heritages might be undermined over time, which means that if heritage
resources are overdeveloped without any limitation, the identity and culture of local community will
disappear with the vanishing of regional heritages in the future. The needs of future generation about
heritage tourism cannot be met. Thus, the first thing of sustainable

The Fraser Island in Australia
Fraser Island is a popular tourist attraction in Australian just 300km north of Brisbane and only 15
km of the coast of Hervey Bay.
Fraser Island is the largest sand island in the world and is world heritage listed.
The island is around 120km long and cover a significant area of 1,840km2
Fraser Island is known for its spectacular long white beaches, sand cliffs, rain forests and a number
of freshwater lakes that are crystal clear.
The indigenous people of Fraser Island are the Butchulla people or their traditional name K'gari.
However due to the European settlement many of the traditions and the way of life the aboriginals
live were destroyed either intentionally or through plain ignorance.
The Butchulla people were governed by a Council of Elders and of course the generations and
generations of traditions that have been passed down. The council included a number of mature
men, but only the elders had voting rights. The council of elders were responsible for allowing
visitors into their tribal lands, they gave them permission to enter and told them when they had to
leave. The Council made sure all rules (social and environmental) were met and was responsible for
the totem system.
The totem system was when each member of the tribe was given a totem that represented a plant or
animal. You were not allowed to eat, harm or hunt your totem or your family's totem. The only
exception was during war, unique ceremonies or when you crossed into non–tribal lands. The totem
system

World Heritage Sites Analysis
Angeles University Foundation
Angeles City
COLLEGE OF BUSINESSS AND ACCOUNTANCY
Tourism Department
WORLD HERITAGE ANALYSIS
First Semester, A.Y. 2011–2012
Name : Shacel G. Reyes Score: _______________________
Course and Year: BS Tourism Management 2A Date: _______________________
Directions:
Considering the World Heritage Sites you will visit in the Ilocos Region (Church of San Agustin in
Paoay , La Asuncion dela Nuestra Senora in Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur and the Historic Town of Vigan)
find answers to the following questions by observing, interviewing, researching, etc.
1. What makes the Ilocandia a World Heritage Site? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And lastly, (e) overwhelmed. Catching a glimpse of the place personally that are only shown in
newspapers or television
13. How do the local people in the area help to protect the heritage values of these World Heritage
Sites?
Protection of the World Heritage sites depends on the support of the Ilocanos. Local people from
Ilocandia can help protect the sites by not altering the meaning of their culture & by not building
establishments that will ruin the beauty of the place. They respect and preserve what their ancestors
value and their history.
14. What tourism services are offered to the visitors?
The tourism services offered to the visitors in Ilocos are the souvenir shops, adventurous activity
such as Sand Boarding in LaPaz Sand Dunes and the calesa riding in the heritage village. Calesas
are still used in the heritage village in order to preserve the streets and the usage of calesas as a
mode of transportation.

15. Why are these World Heritage places important?
These World Heritage places are important because they were shaped by nature and history. These
places are inheritance passed from one generation to the

Unesco World Heritage
UNESCO World Heritage
World heritage sites are significant to learn our history due to the fact that they give a specific
foundation for ideas and authenticate them ("Cultural). World Heritage Site is a site that is listed by
UNESCO to be a special cultural or bodily importance ("World Heritage site). From 1972,
UNESCO took 'Convention concerning the Protection of the World's Cultural and Natural Heritage,'
and it inherited in 1976 ("Introduction). The earliest list, which is listed in 1976, contains Galapagos
Islands, an island which is in the Pacific Ocean, Mount Everest, a mountain in Nepal, Machu
Picchu, a remain in Peru, Grand Canyon in the United States, the Great Barrier Reef, coral reef in
Australia and the Great Wall of China ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To be world heritage site, there are five nomination processes. First, countries must make Tentative
List, which is a list of significant cultural and natural possession ("World Heritage). In Tentative list,
there are 1516 records in 162 states ("Tentative List). As one of example of the list, Fujisan, which is
the tallest mountain in Japan, are submitted on 30 January 2007 ("Fujisan). Second, a State Party
arrange with World Heritage Center when the property that is in Tentative List put into a nomination
file. After nomination file finished, it is sent to Advisory Bodies for assessment. International
Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and World Conservation Union (IUCN), which are
Advisory Bodies, give an estimate of the place nominated. And then International Center for the
Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) gives an advice on
protection of the place. Fourth, World Heritage Committee decides final determination. The
committee discusses which place is listed on World Heritage List once per a year. To become World
Heritage Site, the place must have excellent worldwide worth and reach one of ten assortments
principle per natural and cultural heritage as a minimum ("World Heritage List Nominations). A first
criterion is that the site shows a work of art of people's original uncommon ability. Second, the site
shows a significant replacement of people's worth in the cultural district of the world over a long
period of

Technology And The Digital Revolution
Cultural heritage sites are spaces full of rich culture and innovation, providing abundant
opportunities for visitors to learn and explore. They are valued for their ability to broaden
knowledge, expand minds and deliver new experiences to sites of cultural and historical value.
Digital technology is being used to combat some of the main problems that cultural heritage sites
face, including inaccessibility, the lack of connection between visitors and objects, and the safety of
objects during travelling exhibitions. No longer bound to a specific site or to physical limitations,
technology is allowing modern museums to create unique experiences and encourage visitor
participation in unprecedented ways. Increased access to the internet has the benefit of online
sources being instantly available to anyone, anywhere, giving entertainment, higher levels of
connectivity, shared knowledge, and the ability to attract younger and more diverse audiences.
Spaces of cultural heritage have always shown the changes and developments of human history, and
as the digital revolution has 'changed what it means to be a human being,' it is natural that such
spaces are utilising digital technology. As Sarah Kenderdine, the director of the Laboratory for
Innovation in Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums, suggests; 'tradition must be re–
discovered and re–invented by each generation,' and this is being done by the creation of digital,
interactive, multi–sensory experiences that have the power

Rome's Construction Of The Amphitheater
Amphitheater. Rome's construction of the amphitheater, began in the Second century AD (Figure 3;
Matova and Aliaj, 2006:280; Ponce de Leon, 2013:3; UNESCO, 2004:34. The arena and Roman
baths built during this period were centrally located within the city (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:571;
Bowes et al., 2003:382; Karaiskaj, 2004:13; UNESCO, 2004:34). Local topography played a part in
deciding where the stadium would be built. Roman engineers made use of a hillside on the northern
part of the arena, whereas the southern half of the auditorium was on lower ground. Roman vaults
and piers held up this section of the amphitheater (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:571; Bowes et al.,
2003:382; Matova and Aliaj, 2006:280). The southern, or lower side of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is believed that this amphitheater was able to hold 15,000–20,000 spectators, indicating
Dyrrachium's population to be approximately 30,000 during Roman rule (Matova and Aliaj,
2006:280; Molla, 2014:31; Ponce de Leon, 2013:3; Puka and Beshiri, 2011:6; UNESCO, 2004:34)
After Rome's decline in 378 AD (Wilkes, 1992:265), parts of the amphitheater were restructured and
used as chapels. The main sanctuary was built into the alcove, which originally housed the pulvinar
(elevated imperial box) and vomitorium. Byzantine mosaics and frescos indicate that these chapels
were created during the fifth century AD (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:574–575; Isufi, 2006:11;
Jacques, 1995:154; Karaiskaj, 2004:13; UNESCO, 2004:35–37). A second chapel and possible third
were built on the north side of the stadium (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:574; Bowes et al., 2003:392).
Sometime during the seventh century, the arena began to be used as a graveyard, known as the
necropolis. There are also several Byzantine art forms, dating from the ninth through eleventh
centuries (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:581; Bowes et al., 2003:391–392; Jacques, 1995:154–155;
UNESCO, 2004:36–37). At some point during the Middle Ages, the cemetery ceased to be used by
the inhabitants of Dyrrachium (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:574; Bowes et al., 2003:388–389).
The last known

The United Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural...
If you are a fan of history, then the UK has a stunning number of heritage destinations. The rich
culture of the misty island has even resulted in a number of listings in the World Heritage Program.
VoucherBin looked at the favourite UK World Heritage Sites and the reasons these destinations are
such a good destination for a visit.
What are World Heritage Sites?
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) keeps a list of
sights that have special cultural or physical significance. The list is conducted by the UNESCO
World Heritage Committee, which is composed of 21 UNESCO member states. These member
states rotate and are elected by the UN General Assembly.
As mentioned above, the program catalogues, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most recent addition was the inclusion of Forth Bridge in 2015.
5 stunning World Heritage Sites you should visit
It's quite a difficult task to pick the best heritage sites from a wide selection of 25. But we wanted to
make sure the attractions include a site from each of the countries in the UK: from Scotland, Wales,
England and Northern Island. We also added a bonus attraction from the capital city of the UK,
London.
Fountains Abbey, North Yorkshire, England
Fountains Abbey is among the largest and best preserved ruined Cistercian monasteries in England.
The abbey was founded in 1131, after 13 monks were expelled from the St Mary's Abbey in York.
The Archbishop of York, Thurstan, provided these monks refuge and a small piece of land, where
they set the monastery.
The monastery grew in size over the years, with the precinct covering around 70 acres of land. The
abbey operated for over 400 years, closing in 1539 when Henry VIII ordered the Dissolution of the
Monasteries.
Fountains Abbey was among the first UK entries on the UNESCO World Heritage site list. It was

added on 1986, as a cultural site.
Why visit Fountains Abbey:
Fountains Abbey is a stunning attraction to visit and to learn about life in monasteries – something
which was one central to the way of life on the island. The vast location offers plenty of things to
see; you can visit indoor museums and spend time outdoors taking in the stunning views across the
ruins.

Trinidad
Enhance Your Cuba Vacations With UNESCO World Heritage Sites UNESCO World Heritage sites
are places of significant cultural or natural heritage as described by the World Heritage Convention
established in 1972. In 1981, Cuba recognized the convention and since then, 9 sites on the Island
have been included on the list of UNESCO Heritage Sites. While mostly known as a sun destination
and for world–class all inclusive resorts, Cuba's history and culture are just as impressive as the
pristine beaches and turquoise waters. While in Cuba, a side trip to one of these nine UNESCO sites
provides further insight and knowledge into the history and culture of the island.
Old Havana was founded in 1519 by Spanish colonialists to become one of the primary ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Eco–tourists flock to the region to take in the incredible scenery and thriving flora and fauna
specific to this region of Cuba. The increase in tourism to the area has resulted in the discovery of
new hiking and climbing routes each with their own set of unique challenges. The Vinales Valley
was designated a UNESCO site in 1999 for its natural beauty and traditions.
Plantations near Santiago de Cuba were an essential part of Cuba's economy in the 19th and early
20th centuries due to the cultivation of coffee. The remnants of the plantations in the region
showcase the techniques used as well as highlight the economic and social significance of the
plantation system in not only Cuba but throughout the rest of the

I Am A Taiwanese American
Speaking of unique aspects about me as an individual, I would say that nothing can be more
valuable and meaningful than my international experiences. My academic background, academic
discipline and my personality are in fact closely related because of these valued experiences; they
allowed me to learn and to explore various cultures, to expand and to broaden my knowledge and
vision beyond mediocrity, to form and to shape my personality and most importantly to know who I
am and who I want to be.
First of all, I am a Taiwanese American from Dallas, but I've also been raised in several different
places than where I come from, including China, Spain and the UK. Having lived in these places
made me both culturally and socially diverse. On one hand, I've experienced different educational
systems, food, languages and knowledge about different ways of living; on the other hand, I've
learned how to quickly adjust into new environments and thus interact with people from all over the
world.
Among my international experiences, I especially value the two–month study abroad in Spain. I
chose to go there because of my interest in Spanish language and culture that was originally
developed through a four–week Spanish beginner workshop during the summer break prior to my
study abroad trip. In Spain, I lived mainly in Salamanca, a small old city in northwestern Spain,
which was declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Thanks to my parents, who had the
confidence and trust to let me go

The Ancient Lines That Withstand Time
The Ancient Lines That Withstand Time
The ancient civilization of Nazca is long disappeared and has granted one of the most significant
legacies of ancient Peruvian culture. The Nazca has not only etched their mark into the surface of
the Nazca Desert but they left a mark that continues to intrigue scientists and modern society in the
present day. Actually, the Nazca left behind thousands of marks in the forms of various shapes,
designs, mythological creatures, and a variety of intricate geometric lines. It is evident that the
popularity of the Nazca Lines continues to gain momentum as the previous lines are studied and
awed over as well as the new geoglyphs are still being discovered at this present time.
Located in the dry Peruvian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indeed, the Nazca may have used simple tools to create their intricate designs nevertheless the
thought process was anything but simple. The skillfulness that was put forth into these advanced
geoglyphs can be seen in the form of two sets. The first group illustrates natural formations such as,
animals, birds, lizard, monkey, spider, hummingbird, catfish, dog, whale, an astronaut man, as well
as a mythical humanoid figure. (Nazca Lines Theories) Further images representing trees, flowers,
and plants. The second group consists of the lines, mostly straight lines, triangles, simple spirals,
rectangles, zigzags, geometrical figures and what looks like a series of mazes.
With that being said, there has been many speculations behind the true motivations of these designs.
Some ideas seem logical and others a bit unbelievable. Scientists carry on the theory that the
purpose of the lines were used for mapping, calendars, ancient messages to be pasted on to new
generations, as well as an alien spacecraft landing zone. Another theory according to the ancient
alien theorist, author, and Switzerland born Erich von Daniken is that, "Thousands of years ago,
extraterrestrials landed on Earth, where they were hailed as gods and helped shape human
civilization." (10 Things You Don 't Know About) This idea is also referred to as "cargo cult" a
movement

Cultural Heritage And Heritage Preservation
Cultural heritage is a testimony to reflect the distinctiveness of a place made by human (UNESCO
World Heritage Centre, 2008). According to Macau Cultural Affairs Bureau (n.d.), Macau has a
wealth of cultural heritage which illustrates the interchange between China and the West such as
knowledge, religions, and social trends. Thus, Macau is listed as Historic Centre of Macau in the
World Heritage List since there is a significant number of built heritage in the western styles as well
as local style in China. In 2014, tourist arrival amounts to 31,525,632 and total spending of visitors
is MOP 61.75 billion (Documentation and Information Centre of Statistics and Census Service,
2015). As a result, cultural tourism promotes the growth of the ... Show more content on
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Kathmandu is a historic site that demonstrates the art of metallurgy through its ornaments in the
nature of heritage like the images of deities (Becker–Ritterspach, 2010). Meanwhile, cultural
tourism is regarded by countries as an opportunity to expand their economy. According to Borona
and Ndiema (2014), it helps to boost employments, investments as well as the growth of local
business. In addition, they conclude that place identity of the community members grows in line
with their pride in heritage. Besides, Vong (2015) interviewed Macau youths for evaluating the
mediating effect of place identity of Macau youths in cultural tourism corresponding to their place
attachment. It was found that their place identity grows with their perception about heritage
conservation in Macau. Similarly, it appears to apply to less concentration of historic environment
when local residents perceive something special to them (English Heritage, 2009). Therefore,
heritage conservation contributes social cohesion which favours the sustainability of the society.
Cultural tourism obtains the support of the community because their interests are secured. In
general, cultural tourism not only restores the historic structures but also promotes the investments
on cultural values (Borona & Ndiema, 2014). Naumov (2015) emphasizes that the involvement of
people is integral to the success of cultural tourism since visitors intend to explore different

Cultural Heritage Protection During Armed Conflict
Introduction The destruction of cultural heritage during armed conflict has become the forefront
issue within the international discourse on its legal protection in the last several decades. Many
scholars and professionals have contributed to the development of international legal instruments
concerning cultural heritage protection. This thesis analyzes the existing international legal
instruments to demonstrate their practical application, or lack there of, in recent armed conflict
situations vis–à–vis the changing paradigm in the execution of war. The complexity of the issue of
law and cultural heritage protection during armed conflict is that it involves a variety of disciplines:
anthropology, archeology, architecture, conservation, law, international affairs, politics and
philosophy among others. Therefore when addressing the issue, all disciplines, as well as the many
stakeholders involved, must be considered and challenged. Nevertheless, this thesis focuses on a
legal analysis of cultural heritage protection during armed conflict to establish the importance that
cultural heritage has on humanity at large and to emphasize the role of the international community
in its safeguarding. The conceptual basis of this thesis is cultural heritage, therefore a critical
analysis of the ideology associated with the terms, culture and heritage, is fundamental to
understanding their development throughout time and within international legal instruments. The
first chapter of this

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