Erik Peterson Case

Erik Peterson Case
Section 1 В Group 11 Eric Peterson Case
I. BACKGROUND: CelluComm and GMCT and the Industry AT&T's Bell Laboratories cellular telephone networking innovation had enabled several
cellular network operators to get licenses from the FCC to operate in separate license territories right about the same time AT&T was broken up in
early 1980s. These operators were either companies like Cellular Communication Services, Inc. (CelluComm) or small entrepreneurs who had won
license territories through the lottery system. CelluComm's president and founder Ric Jenkins was known for being an aggressive businessman who
had extended it to a 200 million dollar enterprise ranking in the top 20 of the industry. Key to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the beginning he was told to report to Jenkins, however, once he got to the site he was assigned to Jeff Hardy. After the company reorganization, he
found himself wondering whether he should report to Knight or Hardy. However, despite the confusion, he never brought up this question to Hardy,
Jenkins or Knight. He perhaps then fell into the trap of a "bossВsubordinate relationship" and went with the structure he felt was assigned without truly
understanding its reasoning. ii. He didn't take enough time to understand HQ's perspective on various issues a. Replacing the chief engineer, rejecting
frequency reuse patterns, or failing to get sign off on agreements for GMCT cell sites indicate failures in managing upward management relationships.
Problem #2: Employee Dynamics Strengths 1. Peterson was committed to building an empowering environment for employees. i. Peterson called
weekly construction meetings, which invited all to report on the company's weekly progress and issues. Shortcomings 2. He failed to consider
alterations in team dynamics when making hiring and salary decisions. i. He hired Trevor at a higher salary rate to the resentment of other employees,
causing significant damage to the trust and respect between employee and manager.
3
Section 1 В Group 11 Eric Peterson Case
ii. Despite efforts at open communication between employees, he was unable to get the support of key players needed for the operation. a.
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Advantages And Disadvantages Of LTE Networks
These technologies bring the network closer to mobile users and improve spectral efficiency (SE) per unit arena (i.e capacity). Due to lower power and
smaller physical size, pico/ femto/ relay cells can also be deployed to eliminate coverage holes and relay cells can be used in backhaul, where wire line
backhaul is unavailable or not economical [150]–[152]. The heterogeneous deployment of LTE networks comprising of conventional Macro cell base
stations overlaid with LPNs. The often random and unplanned location of these access points can cause severe interference problems especially for
cell edge users. This problem was typically addressed by coordinating base–station transmissions to minimize interference. Figure 2.10 shows a
heterogeneous... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Disadvantages: Despite the benefits that can be achieved by this technique, there are some challenges that need to be addressed, including management
of the interfaces between heterogeneous environments and the dead zone problem. Towards this direction, 3GPP LTE standard has introduced Inter
Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) methods since Release 8 specifications. ICIC was developed to deal with interference issues at cell–edge and
mitigates interference on traffic channels only in heterogeneous network. These limitations were bypassed with Release 10 specifications which
introduced enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination (e–ICIC). Enhancements were brought to deal with interference issues in Heterogeneous
Networks and mitigate interference on traffic and control channels. In such networks, two major scenarios for severe inter cell interference should be
highlighted: macro–pico scenario with Cell Range–Extension (CRE) and macro–femto scenario with Closed–Subscriber–Group

Microburst Executive Summary
MicroBurst Solutions is a rapidly growing startup company that designs and manufactures personal computers. MicroBurst is an international company
with four physical locations in Chicago, USA; Shanghai, China; Sao Paulo, Brazil; and Paris, France. In addition, MicroBurst owns a profitable
webcenter with an increase in sales of 246% in the last quarter alone. The mission of MicroBurst is to deliver compact personal computing technology
to solve the needs of businesses and individuals, whether they are on the road or in their offices. MicroBurst offers cutting edge technology in both the
desktop and laptop personal computer markets. MicroBurst's mission is evident in its commitment to compact, powerful computing devices serving
several different

Wireless Access And The Transmission Bandwidth
Abstract– The demand for wireless access is permanently growing and the transmission bandwidth is limited. Higher data rates and signal quality is
always desired among the users; therefore a more efficient use of the frequency resource is needed to fill the user capacity needs. Space Division
Multiple Access (SDMA) is used to increase the capacity given by regular multiple access techniques (FDMA, TDMA and CDMA) using the user
position information to provide access to the best communication channel based on their spatial location. This paper presents Smart Antenna techniques
applied to SDMA systems as an efficient frequency usage technique.
Key Words– Base station, Beamforming, Code division multiple–access (CDMA), Dynamic Channel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The spectrum is limited, but multiple access techniques allow a large number of mobile users to share the same allocated spectrum efficiently and use
the same bandwidth at the same time without degrading the existing quality of service.
Sending and receiving simultaneously information to and from the base station is desirable among wireless communication systems. Equipping these
base stations with smart antenna arrays enable beam steering in contrast to sectorized single antenna systems. This make possible to Base Stations to
send data to specific users on the down–link or to receive directed data on the up–link by reusing channels within a cell for Mobile Stations (MS),
spatially separated by smart antenna arrays.
Cellular system divides the area into cells where mobile units are located and aims to increase the capacity of the channel with an efficient level of
quality of service. Channel access can be achieved through: Frequency division multiple–access (FDMA), Time division multiple–access (TDMA),
Code division multiple–access (CDMA), and Space Division Multiple access (SDMA). In this paper we will focus on SDMA systems.
SMART ANTENNA AND SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS HISTORY
Smart antennas were developed by the military but as the cellular phone users grew in the 1980s, the commercial area became more interested in the
field. SDMA idea was first introduced in 1947 by Douglas H. Ring when he wrote about a new way to

Essay On Environmental Factors Affecting Cell Phone Company
Environmental Factors The environmental factors of integrating a cell phone company into India are an important factor of globalization of a
company. It is important to look at what will be affected environmentally as well as how the environment, climate, and topography of a location
can be poor or beneficial. If a region is known to have inclement weather, it may not be worth the costs of building there. Ecological consequences,
cost of energy in a region, and the disposal of material should all be looked at when debating the addition of a cell phone company. All of the
follow factors must be considered for a successful launch and expansion into India. Infrastructure The infrastructure of a company must first be
possible and plausible before it can be integrated into a new community. The average cost of building a cellphone tower is reported at $150,000. This
amount can fluctuate with the availability of land and air rights. Vertically, these towers can range in height from 200ft to 2,000ft depending on the
type of tower. Horizontally, the ideal area of land needed ranges from 1,000 to 10,000 square feet (Schmidt). The geographical and topographical
position of these towers can add or lower costs. Highly mountainous areas may cause more of an issue then a flat terrain. When this factor is added, the
surround wildlife must also then be examined. In addition to the towers, operating plants and retail stores must all be considered. The location of these
structures should be

Handoff In Cellular Systems Essay
Handoff in Cellular Systems Submitted By: Parveen kumar(15MT ECE008) Priyanka(15MT ECE010) Garima(15MT ECE003) Abstract The Mobility
in wireless cellular communication systems is its backbone so as to enhance the quality of service and maintain the continuous service. Handoff is an
important task in maintaining the continuity of call in cellular systems and its failure can result in ongoing call termination. So handoffs are necessary
for providing an enhanced QoS (Quality of Service) to users and provide a ubiquitous coverage. In order to successfully implement the handoff process,
the system designers make a proper optimum signal level at which point handoff will initiate. During the handoff process some parameters like relative
signal strength, relative signal strength with threshold, relative signal strength with hysteresis and relative signal strength with hysteresis and threshold
are to be considered carefully. So this paper shows the brief description about the different handoff techniques in cellular systems moreover it compares
all the handoff strategies on the basis of execution time, S/I ratio, RSS (Relative Signal Strength), call handling difficulty, handoff made and generation

Essay On Dynamic Channel
Dynamic Load Balancing Using Selective Borrowing in Wireless Network. Mohammad Aghaz Khan M. Tech. Scholar Department of Computer
Science Al–Falah School of Engineering & Technology, Faridabad. Jawed Ahmed Astt. Professor Department of Computer Science, Jamia Hamdard,
New Delhi Keywords : Efficiency, Channel allocation, Mobile communication, FCA, DCA, Resource flexibility, CBWL, LBSB Abstract The demand
for mobile communication has been growing day by day. Resource flexibility is one of the most important issues in the coming generation of mobile
communication. Radio frequency channels are a scarce resource and have to be reused as much as possible. Different techniques are required to
increase the efficiency & flexibility of the network to deal with new services and to adopt the new traffic profiles and characteristics Many channel
assignment schemes such as fixed channel assignment (FCA), dynamic channel assignment (DCA) and hybrid channel assignment (HCA) have been
proposed to assign frequencies to cells with a goal to maximize the frequency reuse. In this paper, we make a review of the characteristics of various
channel assignment specially dynamic (LBSB )schemes.

Tracking and Positioning of Mobile Systems in...
ABSTRACT
Mobile positioning technology has become an important area of research, for emergency as well as for commercial services. Mobile positioning in
cellular networks will provide several services such as, locating stolen mobiles, emergency calls, different billing tariffs depending on where the call is
originated, and methods to predict the user movement inside a region. The evolution to location–dependent services and applications in wireless
systems continues to require the development of more accurate and reliable mobile positioning technologies. The major challenge to accurate location
estimation is in creating techniques that yield acceptable performance when the direct path from the transmitter to the receiver is ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
2.1 ARCHITECTURE OF AGEOLOCATIONSYSTEM
An example of geolocation system architecture [KOS00] is shown in Figure. As we said earlier, in order to fix a call the subscriber we are calling
must be located accurately. A geolocation service provider provides location information and location aware services to subscribers. Upon a request
from a subscriber for location information about an MS, the service provider will contact a location control center querying it for the coordinates of
the MS. This subscriber could be a commercial subscriber desiring to track a mobile device or a PSAP trying to answer an E–911 call. The location
control center will gather information required to compute the MS's location. This information could be parameters such as received signal strength,
BTS ID, TOA of signals, and so on that we discuss later. Depending on past information about the MS, a set of BS's could be used to page the MS,
and directly or indirectly obtain the location parameters. These are sometimes called Geolocation base stations (GBSs). Once this information is
collected, the location control center can determine the location of the mobile with certain accuracy and convey this information to the service
provider. The service provider will then use this information to visually display the MS's location to the subscriber. Sometimes the subscriber could be
the MS itself, in which case the messaging and

Present Wireless Scenario Consists Of Homogeneous Network...
Present wireless scenario consists of homogeneous network and heterogeneous networks. In homogeneous network each base station has similar
transmit power level, antenna pattern, receiver noise floor and similar backhaul connectivity. But this type of network has disadvantage of
coverage hole. In heterogeneous network the macro BSs is collocated with micro, pico and femto cells. This arrangement increases overall spectral
efficiency per unit area (capacity) of the network. Whereas small cell like micro, pico, femto and relays are used to avoid coverage hole and to
provide mobility to the users. Not only this relays can be used to provide backhaul connectivity, where wire line link is not possible or are expensive
to deploy. As determined by the information theoretic capacity limits, current cellular systems have evolved to a point where a system with one BS
achieves near optimal performance. Researchers are now moving towards more advanced heterogeneous network topology which will bring the
network more closely to the mobile user leading to further capacity gains [46–49]. HetNets will significantly improve the spectral efficiency per unit
area by utilizing a diverse set of BSs. 1.4Elements of Heterogeneous Network Heterogeneous deployment need to use innovative cell association and
inter–celling interference coordination techniques in order to realize the promised capacity and coverage gains. A typical heterogeneous wireless
technology as shown in figure 1.4 has the

Road Traffic And Dynamic Nature Of Road Conditions An...
Project Proposal
Project Title: Towards Efficient security in Vehicular Ad
–Hoc Networks
1.Abstract:
With ever increasing on road traffic and dynamic nature of road conditions an intelligent transportation system (ITS) is essential. Vehicular ad–hoc
networks (VANETS) takes the responsibility in implementing ITS and is a promising communication scenario for traffic management and safety.
VANETs possess unique characteristics like high mobility of nodes, rapid change in the neighbor nodes, stringent deadline for authentication,
association times, no fixed infrastructure etc. Though VANETs closely resembles Mobile Ad
–hoc Networks traditional security mechanisms are not
suitable. This dissertation aims to describe and analyze the most representative VANET security developments and propose an efficient implementation
focusing on key exchange and key management aspects, simulating and evaluating the same in OPNET environment.
Abbreviations:
ITS Intelligent Transportation System
VANETVehicular Ad
–hoc Networks
MANETMobile Ad–hoc Networks
OPNETOperation network Evaluation Tool
P2PPeer to peer
DCADistributed Certification Authority
TTPTrusted Third party
V2VVehicle to Vehicle Communication
RVC Roadside to Vehicle Communication
DSRCDedicated Short Range Communications
AODVAd–hoc on–demand Distant vector protocol
OLSROptimized Link State Routing Protocol
OBUOn Board Unit.
RSURoad Side Unit.
2.Introduction & background

Traditional wireless networks are of two types

The Importance Of Government Surveillance In Our Society
Our society is dystopian in that we are being watched by the government. The governments surveillance ranges from cameras to electronics to even
emails. We are told that this constant surveillance is for our safety and to make it a safe environment for us because their main reason is to protect us
when in fact it may not be their true intentions. Surveillance has been a problem in our society because people think that there's too much cameras
which it's not necessary. People feel like they are constantly being watched. This increase in surveillance makes us question if the government is
collecting of information for their own good.
According to Detroit News, on the 23rd of March a 23 year old man named Rudy Carcamo– Carranza was arrested because he was involved in a
drunken driving allegations and a hit and run crash and was also a twice deported worker from El Salvador. Federal investigators used a a device called
Stingray which is designed for counter–terrorism but is used hunt undocumented immigrants. Based on Aclu, "Stingrays, also known as cell site
simulators or IMSI catchers are invasive cell phone surveillance devices that mimic cell phone towers and send out signals to trick cell phones in the
area into transmitting their locations and identifying information", the device is an example that at any moment our cellphones can not only be used for
law enforcement agencies to track down undocumented people but also allows the government to have access to our locations

Swot Analysis
Safaricom Ltd. SWOT Analysis Author's name Institution Abstract This paper expounds on results from a SWOT analysis of Safaricom Ltd, a leading
mobile network company in Kenya. This basically describes a research conducted to determine the company's achievements, limitations, opportunities
and challenges. Brief information on the history, management and major undertakings of the company since it was started are among issues outlined in
this paper in a bid to enhance better understanding of the company's profile and the analysis of its performance. This paper solely focuses on the
analysis that reveals what makes the company tick, what weaknesses it exhibits, as well as its opportunities and possible threats. Introduction... Show
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(Reddick, 2010).The service has proved to be the perfect consolidation between mobile phones and banks for different business strategies,
considering the veritable convenience of being able to manage a bank account, pay bills and engage in innumerable financial transactions at the
touch of a button.(Zavoral, 2011) The company has consistently made remarkable growth at a rate of more than 20% in a relatively short time span
of only 14 years, denoting its stability. The company made an unmatchable profit of 370 million USD in 2007 making it the biggest gainer in the East
African region. The company has maintained a massive subscriber base and built its reputation by providing reliable services consistently. It has also
become popular among its clients by being actively involved in corporate social responsibility projects that seek to empower the populace both socially
and economically especially through sports and games. Its corporate colour, green, which is associated with a season of abundance, coupled with its
involvement in environmental conservation has been pivotal in luring clients. (Githinji, 2010) Weaknesses. Although the company won many clients
during its debut years of operation due to its pricing strategy of per second billing, when its only rival by then, Kencell, embraced per minute billing,
the company's call rates are currently the highest

Analyzing The Proposed Calculations On The System Of Wifi...
MEASUREMENT SCENARIO We set up a testbed to assess the proposed calculations. Two entrance systems, WiFi and Ethernet are joined with the
VAN server, and the VAN server additionally functions as the door to people in general Internet. The WiFi connection is constrained to 2 Mbps, the
Ethernet join for imitating the Cellular connection is restricted to 4 Mbps to consider asset limits, for example, foundation traп¬ѓc, for instance. The
high edge ОІ is situated to 50 s and the discriminating limit off is situated to 20 s. We arbitrarily select 10 distinctive YouTube features with differing
bit rates, each with a greatest determination of 1080p and least length of 20 minutes. A complete assessment run comprises of 10 runs every feature and
determination, each with a length of time of 1000 s. Amid the runs, the accompanying parameters are measured: the cradled recess in seconds, the
player state, which is either slowing down or playing, the current throughput, and the utilization proportion of WiFi and cell correspondences in
connection to the current throughput. The application particular parameters, including supported recess and player state, are measured at the customer,
while the system parameters, for example, throughput and utilization proportion, are measured at the VAN server. To measure the advantage of the
calculations, we consider the accompanying execution measurements: Nature of Experience (QoE): QoE shows how fulfilled a client is with YouTube
feature playback.

Implementing Basic Designs And Architectures Of Self...
Self–Organizing Network Functions and Architectures Mitch Harris Murray State University TSM 321 Abstract The purpose of this write up is to
introduce fundamental designs and architectures of Self–Organizing Networks. This concept was presented during the transitional period from 3G to
4G technology. During this period mobile communications began to grow rapidly. Self–Organizing Network functions are separated into three major
groups: self–configuration, self–optimization, and self–healing. Self–configuration allows devices to function properly with a system the instant they
are connected. Self–optimization supports networks by examining the performance of a system and modifying procedures to operate at an efficient level.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this period cellular or mobile communications has begun to rapidly grow. The amount of time spent on network allocation, concentration,
usage, and maintenance for these newer technologies were starting to become more complicated. The Third Generation Partnership project (3GPP) and
Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) organizations were the first to introduce the Self–Organizing Network (SON) concept. This new
technological automation concept was specifically designed to make planning, configuring, managing, optimizing, and troubling shooting networks
simpler and more efficient. The first technology to incorporate SON features into its design was LTE, but SON was also designed to support older
technologies such as UMTS. With this capability base stations would be capable of optimizing specific parameters with complex algorithms that would
observe performance and enhance the network. Self–Organizing Network Functions SON functions are commonly separated into three major groups,
each of which contain a broad range of algorithmic equations. These groups are commonly referred to as: – Self–Configuration – Self–Optimization –
Self–Healing Self–Organizing Networks – Self Configuration The self–configuration feature of SON allows new cell locations to be added using a
Plug and Play approach. This approach allows devices to function properly with a system the

Who Is Adnan Syed Innocent
Adnan Syed's Innocence
When one is guilty, it means that he or she is "culpable of or responsible for a specified wrongdoing" or, "having committed an offense, crime,
violation, or wrong, especially against moral or penal law; justly subject to a certain accusation or penalty." If someone is charged as guilty, they have
broken a law or performed an unjust or immoral act to deserve punishment. However, this does not mean that through reasonable suspicion that an
individual can be determined as guilty. It means that "a defendant is innocent until proven guilty. In other words, the prosecution must prove, beyond a
reasonable doubt, each essential element of the crime charged." In other words, a particular person must be proven guilty of a crime through proof and
evidence. In the story provided by Serial, Sarah Koenig narrates the case of the murder of Hae Min Lee. Seventeen years ago, on January 13, Hae Min
Lee, a senior at Woodlawn High School, was reported missing. Weeks later, her body is found and the cause of her death was determined to be manual
strangulation. Her ex–boyfriend, Adnan Musud Syed, was convicted of her murder and sentenced to life plus thirty years in prison. The case against
him was mainly based on the story of one witness, Jay Wilds. Now, past reporter and journalist, Sarah Koenig is reopening this case to find out what
really happened. Through documents, police interrogations, testimonies, and interviews, she collects evidence to look for the answer.

Cell Phones And Health Risks
During my recent searches on this particular subject, I across interesting studies regarding cell phones and health risks. Cell phones have changed
drastically from 20 years ago to present. When phones first came out they were only in our homes, I recall when I was younger we would go
places and wouldn't have a cell phone to call or text, to let your family know your location, unlike today. In the early 90's, the bag phone was
introduced to the public. These phones were a big deal when they first came out, you would plug them into your cigarette lighter. When you would
call someone it took a bit for it to go through but once the call went through you could hear someone on the other line. When you got done with the
call you would hang up and once you got home you would zip the phone up and carry it inside. As a kid, this was very interesting. The cordless cell
phones were quickly developed. If you had a cordless cell phone you were cool. When the cell phones first came out, your options were limited. At
the time talking was the only option available, more options were available; text, check email, and facebook. The more technology rise; the more you
can do on your phones, from skype to google and even ask your phone questions and it will answer back. When I did recent research I found that the
studies have become more about what the cell phones are doing to people and their health. In this essay you will learn that throughout history, Scientists
have done studies to find that

The Effects Of Radio Frequency Waves On Health
Introduction
With cell phone usage increasing, many individuals have become concerned about the health effects of radiation from cell phones and cell phone
towers. In recent years, various studies have been conducted to determine whether the radio frequency waves from cell phone towers have a
detrimental effect on health. Current research has yielded inconsistent results regarding the effects of radio frequency waves, and while the World
Health Organization does not view radio frequency waves as serious risk, more research needs to be done in order to be certain (USDA, 2009). In this
paper I will be addressing the following scenario (Case 4):
A mobile phone base station was installed near a neighborhood in order to provide a better service coverage in 2008. Over the past 5 years, the local
residents complained of headache, memory loss, dizziness, tremors, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance. They are concerned that the station
has caused neuropsychiatric problems and some changes in the performance of neurobehavioral functions. They are more worried about their children,
as a few cases of leukemia and brain tumor have been found in young children (aged 1–3) since then.
In an effort to address the issue of radio frequency radiation exposure in this community, we will provide a background on the sources of radio
frequency radiation as well as the known and suspected health effects. We will also proposed two epidemiological studies and discuss risk management
and

Data on Fixed Lines vs Cellular Essay examples
In this paper I will go over the pros and cons of having a purely fixed line network vs. a purely cellular network. When making this decision there are
several things to consider, the most important is what this network is going to be used for. I am going to first go over the fixed line network then
follow up with the cellular network. At the end of this paper I will do a recommendation to a new company that wants to open up a Skype– style service
as to whether they should use a fixed line or a cellular network. Fixed line telephones was the main form of communication in 1877 and this was the
case up to the time when cellular phone came into the world. Fixed lines are in every home and building today so everyone has the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Network security is very important on any network with a DSL connection on a fixed line there is no change in the network security. Network security
would be handled by a firewall that would be handled by the modem and of course at the device itself. Then the subscriber or company would
themselves use additional software for further protection. Troubleshooting is handled by both the subscriber and Telephone Company. There is a way
to determine where one ends and the other begins this is known as the demarcation line. This is usually where the wiring enters the home or
building. But this really depends on if this is a single occupant property or a multiple occupant property. The failover solution when using a fixed
line service for Internet connection would be to have back up equipment available for the site and for the Telephone Company it would be good to
know at the central office there is additional servers just in case there is a malfunction. When it comes to the data itself it is always important to have
a backup ran on a daily or weekly basis depending on the importance of the data. When Cellular phones first came out the main use was to make phone
calls. The first generation of the cell phone transmitted information the same analog format as a fixed line. The second generation (2G) transmission
switched to digital which gave cell phones the ability to
transmit and receive voice and data. When

Cellular Wireless With Unlimited Numbers Of Base Station...
Summary of "Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas" EE–584–Wireless Systems Security XIAN
ZHANG Email: xzhang84@stevens.edu Fundamental ideas and Issues paper addresses1 Core ideas 12 Core ideas 23 Potential applications &
future opportunities created by the technology4 Reference5 Summary of Fundamental Ideas and Issues Addresses The paper I read is
"Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas" written by Thomas L. Marzetta. This paper was published in
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 9, NO.11, NOVEMBER 2010. The pilot signal is a direct sequence spread
spectrum signal continuously sending by the base station. It makes the base station could send data in the forward–link and demodulate cell phone
signals in the reverse–link. The pilot signal is known as confessed, like 000000 or 111111. In frequency re–use technology, we divide the space into
several cells. Due to the same or correlated pilot sequence re–use in contiguous cells, the base station will inadvertently send data to terminals in other
cells or collect and combine reverse–link signals from terminals in other cells when processing. This is called pilot contamination. In this paper, the
author mainly talk about the environment of multi–user(MIMO) operation with an infinite number antennas in the base station. He thinks that in this

Using A Warrant Should Not Be Allowed Essay
Many cases have been brought to court and are continuing to be brought that say location tracking without a warrant should not be allowed. The
argument most often used is that it is a violation of the right to privacy. A warrant is not the only way to obtain these records nor should it be. There
are valid reasons that data can be obtained through other methods. The issue is across many platforms of digital communication but the most prominent
and easiest to explain is with cell phones. The use of historical location tracking data is not a violation of privacy, in fact there is no right to privacy as
most understand the term.
We are tracked almost constantly as participants of todays interconnected world. Every time we connect to the internet whether it be using a
desktop, laptop, tablet, or smart phone that connection and the traffic passed is tracked. Even the infotainment systems in our cars such as the
Onstar system available in some General Motors vehicles is capable of tracking and in turn reporting out locations. The IP address of the device
used and the addresses connected to are tracked. If location services are turned on as many applications require to function, then that is tracked as
well. Companies collect this information for many reasons with a major one being to sell targeted ads to us based on where we are and what we
normally do. This is something we agree to as part of the user agreements as often if it is not agreed to the application will not work or at

President Of Csea 's A Productive Labor Management Meeting
Tami Castelluccio, President of CSEA had a productive labor management meeting with Assistant Superintendent Rogenski and Director of Classified
HR Nancy Gamache. CSEA shared a survey they would like to send to Unit 3 members to get feedback and to use in meetings with the Special
Education department. Friday, September 30th was staff development which was a day of learning and camaraderie for the classified staff. Ms.
Castelluccio noted that CSEA is working to get out the vote for Proposition 55. Ann Katzburg, President of SRVEA shared that SRVEA's focus has
been on hate and intolerance and Ms. Katzburg attended a conference with that focus. Last week SRVEA held a community engagement meeting with
community leaders. Ms. Katzburg... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many schools have denied and opted out of cell towers on their sites as they do not believe it is safe for their students. Carrie Nevis reviewed a
federal government report which was released in May of 2016 from the National Toxicology Program. To date it is the largest study done and
while inconclusive and requires more research, it does state there is something going on regarding radio frequency fields. Ms. Nevis suggests we
place the cell tower in another location where it will not impact children and community members. Aric Gurovith is a resident of Danville and has
2 daughters in the District, he feels since we do not have a 100% guarantee that there will be no long term effects, the District should not take the
chance. Mary Beedle noted that according to information she has read there was some analysis done previously where three schools were
identified and Cal High was chosen at that time for a cell tower. She would like to know why there is a need for another cell tower and who is
identifying the need. She would also like to know if the need is identified by Verizon, why their map shows the highest coverage possible in the San
Ramon Valley. She noted there is currently a cell tower in the commercial district of downtown Danville. She would like to know the sources the
Board used previously to help make their decision on the safety of a cell tower, and she

Is Adnan Guilty Or Innocent?
A lot of people wonder if Adnan Syed is guilty or innocent, today as a legal assistant I'm going to tell you one important reason why he is innocent.
Adnan is not guilty because there is another potential suspect like Jay. Jay's story that "proves" Adnan's guilt, has changed every interview and
testimony. Jay had intimate knowledge of the crime he knew things, like if he knew every single thing that Adnan was thinking about which makes
everything looked suspicious. Also Jay's stories don't quite match Adnan's cell records. Every time Jay was asked to give his testimony his story
changed and he never really had an exact story of what happened that day or why Adnan would have killed Hae Min Lee. In the trial testimony Jay
was asked why Adnan killed Hae and he said, "because Hae made him mad." In Jay's second testimony he responded to the same question with a
different reason "because Hae had broken his heart." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example he knew the time that Hae was buried in Leakin Park at around 7:00 pm, he said. Also he knew where the shovel(s) used to bury Hae
were thrown away he said in Super Fresh. He knew that Hae's body was at the car when Adnan "supposedly" kill her, and not only that he also knew
the location of Hae's car . He is the key source of this case he knows basically every detail of the murder, even though he says that he didn't really
had anything to do it seems that after all he was implicated in the case more than he implies. In one of the interviews Jay was asked by the
detective "What happened to her shoes?" and he said "He told me he left them in the car." Is really weird that he knew every single detail they could
have talk about anything but they decide to talk about where Hae shoes were left? It seems like if he knows more than he should which makes the
audience doubt of whether he is really being honest or he is just covering himself for something he

Annotated Bibliography On Lte Deployment
IT 377 Graduate research paper LTE deployment in Small cellsSubmitted by Anuya PrabhuAbstract: With the advent of high technological
advancements in the field of telecommunication, it has become necessary to provide full capacity network coverage and high data rates to a user at
all places. The research paper will focus on introducing small cells as a solution to the user needs by giving an overview of different kinds of
architectures for LTE deployment in small cells and coordination techniques for synchronization between these architectures. The research paper will
also include the analysis of mobility between systems working on 3GPP and non 3GPP standards. Mobile operators are working on Network
Densification by deploying... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Assistance with the current macro cell is required to power the small cells and coordinate with internet and radio backhaul and maintaining the
Quality of Service (QOS) in the process [1]. Figure 1 LTE deployment in small cells Why small cells? Small cells are beneficial in terms of the
following aspects: 1)Coverage: Adding capacity to high traffic areas and extend coverage to hard–to–reach locations and indoor sites. 2)Capacity:
Enhancing localized coverage 3)Data offloading: Providing robust 4G LTE coverage to customers in challenging coverage areas Small cells mainly
consist of the femtocells, picocells, and microcells. The network can also be known by "distributed radio technology" which consists of centralized
baseband units and remote radio heads. "Beamformingtechnology (focusing a radio signal on a very specific area) can be utilized to further enhance
or focus small cell coverage". The common factor binding all of these technologies is that all are centrally managed. [13] The range of small is from
10 meters within urban and in–building locations to 2 km for a rural location. Picocells and microcells can also have a range of a few hundred meters to
a few kilometres, but femto cells do not have the self–arranging capability. [13] There is need for backhaul to connect the small cells to the core
network, internet

Applying A Cellular Tower On The Proposed Site
sole authority to grant or deny the special use permit to allow them to construct a cellular tower on the proposed site. The Board of County
Commissioners, sitting as the Zoning Board of Appeals, has the authority to approve the zoning variance. The zoning variance will be presented to the
Board in December if the special use permit is approved. Ms. Wallingford–Ingo stated a notion was made in the recommendation section of staff's
review. She stated there is a process that requires a telecommunications carrier to co–locate on other towers before applying for a new special use
permit for a tower. A telecommunications tower cannot be built in excess of the maximum height limitation imposed within a specific zone. As a
matter of clarification, Mr. Powell has indicated that they have placed this tower where the County directed them to do so. She had several
conversations over the duration of three to four months with one of Mr. Powell's colleagues relative to the location of the proposed tower and staff's
concerns relative to the placement of such. When the applicant submitted the special use permit application, the zoning maps indicated the proposed site
was in the A–2 Zone District. Upon review of the application, it was determined that the zone district line on the digital map, which are not the official
zoning maps, was A–3. This is when the height limitation came into effect. The initial analysis of the placement of the facility was based on a zone
district

Social Sba
SOCIAL STUDIES SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT [SBA]– YEAR 2011 NAME OF CANDIDATE: NATOYA C. GONZALES SCHOOL:
BISHOP ANSTEY HIGH SCHOOL EAST CENTRE #: CANDIDATE NUMBER: TEACHER: MR. MCLEAN TITLE: AN EXAMINATION
ANALYSING THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE USE OF CELLULAR PHONES AFFECT THE STUDENTS AT BAHSE. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements Introduction Statement of problem Method of investigation Instrument used to collect data Procedures used to collect data
Presentations and explanation of data Interpretation of data Findings Recommendations ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The successful completion of this
examination would not have been made possible... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If so, can it be the main cause of the decline in your grades? Yes No 15. Are you addicted to talking/texting on your cellular phone?
_________________ 16. What do you do in your spare time? Text/talk on the phone Use PC Revise Other PROCEDURES TO COLLECT DATA As
stated earlier, my surveys were conducted at BAHSE. It was calculated that a sample of 20% was necessary in order to conclude the negative effects of
the use of cellular phones on students. A total of 25 questionnaires were printed and distributed to the students. The students were randomly chosen
from Forms 1–6. The questionnaires were given and completed on the spot in order to ensure lack of incompletion, losses, misplacements and also for
clarification. PRESENTATION AND EXPLANATION OF DATA A total of 25 questionnaires were handed out. All were answered. The students gave
their responses by ticking the respective boxes of their choice, for the respective questions. Questions: вћў How old are you? [pic] Figure 1 – The
majority of students surveyed were Teenagers. вћў Do you own a cell phone? [pic] Figure 2– ALL students surveyed (25), owned cell phones. вћў
How many cell–phones do you own? [pic] Figure 3 – 17 correspondents own one cell phone and 7 correspondents own 2 cell

How Do Cell Phones Affect Dna
Cell phones operate with radio frequencies, the cell phones use a lot from the waves
and the waves help. Cell phones do not emit ionizing radiation, the type that damages DNA. The
celluar technology Does works on a system geographically its seperated zones are called cells.
Majority of the cells have its own base station that both and it receivs and it also emits the radio
waves. When the call is then placed from the cell phone and then the signal is sent from
the cell phones antenna to one of the cell's base station called the antenna. Once the base
station transfers the calls to the switiching center the call is then transferred to
another cell phone. Once one of the RF channel is modulated one of the radio signals are then

Evaluating Plans to Erect Cell Towers Through a Local...
You have been hired by a cell tower company to evaluate a plan that will erect cell towers through a local community. Your job is to locate any
historic buildings or sites that might be impacted (placed next to, or on, or be damaged in some way) by the cell towers. You discover there are 10
buildings along the route the cell towers will take. How will you go about deciding if these buildings are historic? What criteria will you use? Why?
The question has been raised, if I were hired to evaluate the plans to erect cell phone towers, and I have discovered that there are ten historic buildings
in the path of the towers, which structures would I deem significant to keep. Many of these homes and structures could be damaged, overshadowed, and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, using many of the criteria from each federal agency, we can determine which of these structures must be preserved from the work being
performed.
One of the first criteria to determine whether the site is historic is the age of the property. The site needs to have many other criteria, but many people
have determined that the site needs to be more than fifty years old. This is not the sole requirement for it to be historic because this only means that the
site would have been built in the mid–1960s. However this is the beginning, and must follow along with some or all of the following criteria to be
determined to be a historic site. However during the later portion of the 1960s and later into the 1970s there were many structures built which could
be deemed significant. However, each of the ten structures will be looked at to see if they were build more than fifty years ago, unless they have the
exception of the next three criteria.
The first criteria of the National Register of Historic Places that I will use to determine if the structures are historic is whether the site is associated with
events that made a very significant impact and contribution to the patterns of history in the town, county or state where it is located. This includes sites
where individuals that were prominent to important events in history lived at the time. For instance, the individual's home with whom

Report On Cellular Systems And Computer Science
Report on Cellular Technology
Submitted by,
Ganesh Babu kavuri
Under the guidance,
Bijan Karimi Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Tailgate School of Engineering University of New Haven
Serial# Topics
1.Objective
2.Cellular Concepts and basics
3.Cellular system Architecture
4.Multiple Access schemes for cellular system
5.Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
6.Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)
7.Single Carrier– Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC–FDMA)
8.Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
9.TDMA Frame
10.TDMA Evolution
11.Global System for Mobile (GSM)
12.GSM Network Architecture
13.Interim Standard–136
14.Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
15.TDD FDD Duplex Schemes
16.Cellular handoff
17.Summary
18.References

OBJECTIVE
Cellular systems are widely used today and cellular technology needs to offer very efficient use of the available frequency spectrum. With billions of
mobile phones in use around the globe today.
Cellular refers to a network technology that facilitates mobile device communication over areas comprised of cells and transceivers, which are also
known as base stations or cell sites. In a cellular network, the most widely used mobile transceivers are mobile phones, or cell phones.

Case Study Of Zantel Mobile Telecommunication
Introduction
The study assesses customer satisfaction on the services delivery by Zantel mobile telecommunication. Urban West Region being as a case study .This
chapter focuses on the background of the study, a statement of the problem, objectives and scope of the study. This study will attempt to explore the
customer's satisfaction on the services delivering by Zantel mobile telecommunication in Zanzibar.
1.1Background of the Study
The initial introduction of mobile telecommunication was made during 1980s in Europe and Finland was the first European country that adopted mobile
cellular network, followed by Sweden, Norway and Denmark (ITU, 2009). It was only in 1986 that the first mobile network was launched in France by
France TГ©lГ©come ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example Etsalat has a long time experience in the industry all over the word. Zantel is using a collaborative strategy to create value to its customers
by collaborating with national and international institution with common interests in communication services (Zeithaml, 2000). Currently the
company has a roaming agreement that allows it to use Vodacom's masts on mainland Tanzania to supplement its own. This is strength since Vodacom
has good and reliable network coverage all over the country compared to Tigo which has a limited coverage (Ndukwe, 2004). This saves cost and time
and increase efficiency.
Management ability – The ability of the management to identify its competitors and come up with the right strategies is strength (Elisante G,
2012).ZANTEL has got only four years of experience in Tanzania mainland but it has strived to increase its market shares and compete with more
experienced companies (Suhail Sh. 2007). ZANTEL to provide a qualitable communication service is strength since customers are sure of the quality
they expect when they are into

Wireless Based Third Generation ( 3g ) Wireless Network
UMTS–BASED third–generation (3G) cellular network can be seen operating & working in many of the countries across the globe. The 3G networks
offer a substantial increase in the capacity for data and voice communications compared to the 2G or 2.5G networks. The 3G networks are built on
WCDMA. HSDPA [2] is an updated version of Release 99 versions of the 3G networks, providing as high as possible downlink speed of 10 Mbps. We
will be going to examine 3G network capacity and delay performances of IP–based applications on 3G and HSDPA networks. Extensive efforts are
being taken to find the high no. of users that CDMA–based systems can support while maintaining the desired quality of service for everyone [3], [4].
But these are more useful for preliminary capacity approximation and network planning purposes. There have been a measurement studies on 3G
networks but are mainly focused on the performance of pure data traffic under lightly loaded or controlled environments [9]. Another study [14] was
done which separately measured the voice and data call capacities of an experimental 3G network. However, the measurements were conducted in a
fully controlled environment, where the network configuration consisted of only one cell, with the admission control disabled. The study describes the
performance of live 3G networks under saturated conditions by usage of data, video, and voice traffic. Field measurements were conducted on three
commercial 3G networks in Hong Kong with the

Problem Of Congestion Of Cellular Network Essay
пЂ
Problem of Congestion in Cellular Network
Shiva Nageswara Rao Bandereddy (sbandere@hawk.iit.edu)
College of Science Department
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA.
Abstract–In the next few years there will be an exponential grow in mobile data traffic due to the tremendous growth in mobile data like audio, video
kind of different multimedia application. Cellular network operators invest huge amount to make their infrastructure better like installing new cell
tower and offloading data traffic from cellular to the Wi–Fi so that they can efficiently prevent congestion. We all have observed call drops during the
conversation at some time which is very annoying and so this congestion problem gives hard time to customer and so the service provider too. In this
project, I want to research what are the main reason for the congestion of the cellular network and how it can be avoided or minimized.
Index Terms– Mobile, CAGR, Cisco, Congestion
I.INTRODUCTION
Congestion of networks is a network state where a node of link carries huge amount of data that may deteriorate network service quality, resulting in
queuing delay, frame or data packet loss and the blocking of new connections. There could be a possible reason for a congestion like insufficient
bandwidth, when network data exceeds its capacity.
Wireless mobile network is independent?
When we think of a cellular network it is not a completely wireless network. No one has completely independent wireless network.

Energy Efficient Wireless Network For Green Radio Project
Energy Efficient Architectures and Key Techniques to Enable Energy Efficient Wireless Network in green radio project
Abstract:
Technical innovations changed every day life as fast and profoundly as the massive use of personal mobile communications. With rapid increase of
modern communications networks, problems like emission of CO2 and energy consumption has emerged which have a potential adverse impact upon
the environment and their operating energy costs are also increasing. Since 2006, data traffic on mobile networks has been increasing at a rate of
approximately 300% and is expected to grow even at much faster rate. This has forced the researchers to address how to design future wireless
networks which can reduce the energy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2007, analyst Gartner reported that ICT sector share about 2% in carbon emissions. It might appear small at first sight but the overall footprint
of the whole ICT sector is expected to double between 2007 and 2020. Mobile data traffic is going to increase dramatically in the next 5 years and
one of the main reason is increase in mobile video traffic. In developing countries, electricity connections may not be directly available. So, for
example, Vodafone uses extra 1 million gallons of gas per day to provide power their network. The above example gives us an idea of how the energy
is consumed by the information technology. They are increasing energy costs with largerbase station site densities which leads to increase in energy
price. Many companies have decided to reduce carbon emissions, for example Vodafone has set a target to reduce it CO2 emissions by
approximately 50% by 2020. From an operators perspective, lowering of operating expenditure is possible with reduce in energy consumption. 3% of
world wide energy is used by the Information and Communication architecture which is causing 2% of world wide CO2 emmission. The main key
reason behind the development of mobile VCE green radio program is to reduce carbon emissions (CO2) and Reduction in operating expenditure for
wireless cellular networks. The challenge of energy reduction should be achieved without compromise in the quality of service which is experienced
by the

Competitive Advantage Of Samsung
Article Assignment #2 This written article analysis is due on Thursday, September 28, 2017 by 10:50 a.m. Questions for Article Assignment #2
Analysis: "Apple Acknowledges Cellular Connectivity Problems in New Watch"– Wall Street Journal – September 28, 2017 1.What kind of damage
could the news in this article do to Apple in trying to sustain a competitive advantage over its major competitor, Samsung? Clearly explain your answer
by describing the threat that this news could be to the Apple Watch. Competitive advantage is when one organization outperforms another organization
or provide greater value for customers than their competitors can provide. Apple has consistently had the competitive advantage when it comes to
technology. In similar terms "if you want an apple product you buy the apple product no matter the price". Many consumers are now buying Apple
products despite the quality of the product, but because of the name brand. Recently, there have been serious technical issues with the new Apple
Watch. As Apple has yet to sort out these kinks, they could potentially be losing customers to their biggest competitor, Samsung. Apple is not the first
to create a smart watch that connects with cellular data. Samsung was the first electronics company to create and design a watch that runs on your
cellular data. However, there current model has received some complaints, as it is not as appealing to consumers compared to the Apple watch. While
Samsung's design is

Development Of Wireless Mobile Telecommunication Essay
The purpose of the paper is to focus on the development of wireless mobile telecommunication. Firstly, cellular network technology is introduced to
understand the basis of wireless mobile telecommunication. And then the history evolvement of mobile telephone systems is investigated to help know
the background of fourth–generation wireless communication (4G). Finally, the standard of 4G, different categories, the spread spectrum radio
technologies as well as potential benefits and problems that come with it are discussed. Especially, LTE standard is further explained, including
FDD–LTE, TDD–LTE and LTE advanced.
Cellular Network
In the development history of data communications and telecommunications, one of the most significant advances has been the cellular networks
technology, which is the foundation of wireless mobile telecommunication and supports users in locations that are not easily served by wired networks.
It is the underlying technology for mobile telephones, wireless Internet and mobile web applications, and so on.
Cellular network is a network where the last connection is wireless. In cellular network multiple low–power transmitters are used, with 100 W or less,
thus, the spread range of such a transmitter is small, dividing an area into cells. A band of frequencies is allocated to each cell and each cell is served
by a base station (BS), including of transmitter, receiver, and control unit. The base station provides wireless network coverage which can be used

Mobile Communication Is Multi Hop Ad Hoc Systems
INTRODUCTION: The Latest advances in Wireless Communications have extended conceivable applications from straightforward voice services in
early cell systems to new incorporated information applications. These days, numerous up to date cellular telephones are likewise incorporated with
functionalities including FM radio, advanced camera, and MP3 player. Hence, the services upheld by mobile communications have extended from
basic voice to sight and sound, for example, video conferencing and portable gaming. These new services require a higher service quality and also more
prominent information rate. Moreover, with mobile access to the Internet, the expanding development in information movement will further drive the
requirement for higher data transmission. Current foundations that bolster mostly voice activity are confronting an incredible test in meeting both the
transmission capacity and quality of service requests of future mobile communication clients. For mobile communication, one concept with successful
improvement is customary single–hop cell frameworks where a mobile station (MS) speaks specifically with a base station (BS) [1]. Another idea of
mobile communication is multi hop ad hoc systems, which are infrastructure less, self–sorting out and quickly deployable with no site arranging,
dissimilar to traditional cell systems. At the point when associations need to move between heterogeneous systems for performance and
high–accessibility reasons, consistent

Radio Waves And Transmission Of Mobile Station
Radio waves Transmission
Mobile Station
Base Station
Antennas/Base Station
A Base station or Antenna act as transmitter and receiver of the signals to connect to the mobile stations. The strength of the network is also affected by
the number of mobile station communicating with the same base station/cell at a given time and the distance from the antennas.
1)For example, the connecting signal between wireless phone and the base station could drop or end as person calling from that phone drive into a
tunnel or walk into a building because the walls of the building or tunnel blocks the signal to reach to mobile phone . These locations are referred as
"dead zones," "coverage holes," "dead spots" or "obstructed areas."
2)When many people use a same network at the same time and its capacity is overloaded then the others trying to connect may not be able to connect
and may hear a busy tone
3)A cellular network is a wireless network distributed over land areas called cells, each served by at least one base station/antenna known as a cell site.
In this network each cell uses a different set of frequency so that no neighbor cell can interrupt other's signal.
4)In a mobile phone network these cells are joined together to provide coverage over large areas, due to the connectivity of these cells a mobile phone
can remain connected to the other while moving from one place to another. Cellular networks offer a number of features:–
More capacity than a single

Reliance on Technology
Rodger Covino 21NOV13 COM/150 Week 7– Introduction and Conclusion Today, the world is more dependent on technology than ever before.
More than 90% of Americans own a computerized device (Gahran, 2011). People received text messages and emails on their cell phones, go online to
order food, cars are able to park themselves, and while driving, the lights are controlled by centralized computer system (Greenman, 1998). The truth of
the matter is, that people have become so dependent on technology that they are not prepared for any type of service interuptions. With non–disaster
related blackouts up 124% since the early 90's (Patterson, 2010) and the increase in disruptive weather patterns, people should start taking steps to
sever their... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Amazon has many reports of fraud concerning both buyers and sellers. Since Amazon is only the company who brings the two parties together,
they will investigate but are not liable for fraud. The ads that Google uses have been unknowingly infected with viruses and malware (Mills, 2010).
The people behind the Google viruses and the Amazon fraud have one goal; to steel your money. With these sites being accessible on mobile
devices, makes it that much easier to acquire. Devices such as cell phones and laptops can make people lose focus on what they are doing. For
example, in the article "Tweet less, kiss more", Bob Herbert talks about a certain female driver who almost caused an accident along the
Washington–New York Highway. She was talking on her cell phone while driving recklessly by changing lanes carelessly. That careless driving
could have caused a serious accident in which could have led to severe bodily injury or, worse, death to her or other drivers. This act shows that
over reliance on communication devices may cause people to lose concentration and focus when it is needed the most. Technology has had a huge
effect on the way people communicate. A lot of people have gotten rid of their old wired phones in favor of only having a cell phone. A study in June
2010 showed that more than one in four homes only has cellular service, up from 13.6 percent in 2007 (Blumberg, 2011). It is not just urban areas that
have seen an increase in cellular

Mobile Network Advantages And Disadvantages
Enhance the network reliability and reduce the cost efficiency always been a major challenge for the cellular network operator and there is no magic
solution to that demand [14]. With evolution of mobile network, the capacity requirement of transport network from the core raises significantly [18].
The major backhaul challenges that mobile network operator had to deal with up to 4G network includes capacity, availability, deployment cost, and
long distance reach [16]. But, 5G network will interconnect billions of new start devices with the numerous use cases and services, which will support
machine–to–machine (M2M) services and Internet of Things (IoT) to the mobile network [6, 8]. This new smart devices will not only enhance the
backhaul capacity requirement, but it will also add two additional challenges in the backhaul network–(a) ultra–low latency of ~1ms (round trip)
connectivity requirements, and (b) denser small cell deployment. This section describes the 5G backhaul requirements and potential challenges.
A.Capacity It is envisioned that 5G will interconnect everything to the mobile network wirelessly that can be characterized by the tremendous
increase in the number of connectivity and traffic volume density [25]. According to the forecast, the capacity density (i.e., the required capacity for a
given area) will increase by 1000 times compared to the capacity density in current mobile network (i.e., 4G/4.5G) [26]. The clear effect of this
increase is more capacity

Pros & Cons
CELLULAR NETWORKS
Pro 's:
Cost:
Most wireline phone companies charge more than what you 'd pay for most alternatives, and some are taxed more as well. There are some locations
where getting new wired phone service is prohibitively expensive or even impossible. Long Distance and extra features like Call Waiting are normally
included with alternative phones.
More Features:
Cellular and broadband phones normally include Long Distance, Voice Mail, Caller ID, Call Forwarding and more, usually at no additional charge.
They also have Text Messaging and various forms of data service which are unavailable with a landline.
Portability:
If you move your home more than average (or if it 's on wheels), your phone and your number can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It does work with some broadband phone systems. Your satellite service can still work without it, but you will most likely pay an extra charge.
Reliability:
Wired telephone services have come as close to 100% reliable as is practical. Their network has substantial power backup, redundant circuits and
years to get it right. Alternatives are improving but their networks can vary significantly. Cell sites and other communications nodes have a limited
amount of backup power. In an extended power outage, such as after a hurricane or snowstorm, the service may not work, leaving you with no
service. Corded phones work in power failures. Cable phones also have a lower level of reliability.
Sound Quality:
Some alternative phones don 't sound the same or as good as a landline. While your alternative phone may sound fine to you, it may be difficult for
others. Also, some broadband phone services just dump their audio into the Internet resulting in widely varying data travel times giving you significant
sound delays.
Lack of Service:
You may be in a location where there are no wireless broadband alternatives or may have poor cellular coverage. This might be rectified by adding a '
cell site ' to your home.
Broadband Speeds:
While there are some fairly fast wireless broadband connections, it may be some time before they will compare to wired or cable connections.

Malfunctions:
Cell sites can stop working for various reasons. Repairs often need

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