Cryotherapy Research Paper

Cryotherapy Research Paper
If you're a woman who struggles with ugly cellulite, you're not alone. In fact, about 95 percent of
females have this problem. Although there wasn't much that could be done reducing cellulite until
recently, thanks to cryotherapy, you don't have to settle for cellulite. Here's how cryothetrapy can
help reduce cellulite.
As this type of therapy is relatively new, perhaps you may be unfamiliar with it. Cryotherapy is a
noninvasive treatment that entails using exceptionally low temperature for destroying the abnormal
cells. Originally, it was used for treating benign skin growths, but today is used on malignant
growths, as well as internally.
How Cryrotherapy Reduces Cellulite
Cellulite is the result of subcutaneous fat deposits, mainly found ... Show more content on
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This is because of controlled low humidity.
Following a treatment, your skin feels tightened, as well as refreshed and rejuvenated. What's more,
the stimulation of collagen gives your skin more elasticity.
Other Considerations and Warnings
It's been proven that cryotherapy is the most successful method for helping in skin cells to
regenerate following microdermabrasions or skin peels.
Treatments are exceptionally brief, especially for whole–body cryotherapy, which only lasts for one
to four minutes.
Besides being quick and pain–free, treatments are also very affordable.
During the entire treatment, you continue to stay in contact with your therapist. Therefore, the
treatment can be stopped, regardless of the reason or the length of time.
Doctors take extreme safety measures so that it's unlikely your treatment will turn out negative. For
example, your doctor will give you detailed instructions, following a treatment.
Warnings
You must have overall good health to have a treatment. Whole body cryotherapy is not for everyone,
such as pregnant women, people with severe high blood pressure, and many types of heart

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Outline The Anatomy And Physiology Of The Human Body
1.1 Outline the anatomy and physiology of the human body in
There are different kinds of joints in the human body (hinge/ball joint and socket and spin for
example). They are joined together ball joints and socket joints fit together nicely do you can move
your ankles, toes and fingers. These are all surrounded by ligaments and tendons which you can
cause damage o by moving them incorrectly. such as not moving a person up the bed correctly such
as putting your arms under their armpit, and dragging them u the bed. Lifting a person off the floor
without a hoist but instead lifting them under their arms, this could cause their joint to dislocate or
new hip joint ruined by incorrect handling, or muscles, tendons to be hurt. There are 3 different
layers to the skin the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and
creates our skin tone.
The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat
glands. The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue.
There are different pressure areas on the human body depending on if you are sat down or lying
down. Here are some pictures to demonstrate. Pictures would not download due to security on VLA
email All these pressure areas can break down if a person is left lying in the same position in bed for
long periods of time. This happens when people who are unable to move themselves and the carers
who look after them do not turn regularly.

Explain The Key Components Of The Skin
i. DRAW AND LABELLED DIAGRAM OF THE SKIN AND DESCRIBE ITS STRUCTURE
AND FUNCTION, INCLUDE ALL KEY PARTS.
The skin is the largest organ of the body, it covers the whole body and they are water resistant.
The skin consists of two layers, EPIDERMIS and DERMIS
Epidermis : this is the layer of skin that we can see, it has the thickest layer which can be found on
the soles of the feet and palms of the hands, thinnest layer on the eyelids and nipples. The cells on
surface are constantly shedding (the dead cells) this is called Desquamation.
Structure (Epidermis is composed of five layers)
Stratum corneum (surface layer)
Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Germinativum (basal layer)
STRATUM CORNEUM: is the surface layer of epidermis and also the layer of skin you see, and it
is made up : ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dead keratinocytes with a layer of protein around them. That means they have go through
keratinisation
. They are frequently shedding the dead cell.
. Cell membrane is not visible.
STRATUM LUCIDUM: Is the clear layer of the epidermis.
. It contains dead keratinocytes which means, there is no real distinction other than the poor
keratinocytes that have died but not finished the keratinisation process.
. Denucleated cells they are not completely hard.
. Location: it can only be found on the palms of hands and soles of the feets.
. Cell membrane is becoming less visible.
STRATUM GRANULOSUM: THE GRANULAR LAYER
. The keratinocytes are still on the move; at this point they have kertahyalin granules.
. The cells have a distinct nucleus and cell membranes are

Dermis Research Paper
Dermis The dermis is another layer of skin found under the epidermis. The dermis is made of
connective and nervous tissue, blood, and blood vessels. The dermis gives the skin its strength and
elasticity. There are two regions in the dermis: the papillary layer and the reticular layer.
Hypodermis
Underneath the dermis is another layer of connective tissues known as the hypodermis. The
hypodermis is a flexible connection between the skin, muscles and bones underneath.
Hair
Hair is an organ of the skin made of epidermal cells that produce keratin. Hair protects the body
from UV radiation and also helps with insulation. The hair shaft and root are made of 3 layers of
cells: the cuticle, cortex, and medulla.
Nails
Nails are another organ of the skin made of sheets of hardened keratinocytes. Fingernails and
toenails protect the fingers and toes. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are 2 major types of sudoriferous glands: eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands.
Sebaceous Glands
Sebaceous glands are exocrine glands found in the dermis of the skin that produce sebum. Sebum
increases the elasticity of the skin and lubricates the cuticles of hair.
Ceruminous Glands
Ceruminous glands are exocrine glands found in the dermis of the ear canals. Ceruminous glands
produce cerumen which is a waxy substance used to protect the ear canals and lubricate the
eardrum.
Temperature Homeostasis
The skin regulates the body's temperature by controlling how the body interacts with its
environment. For example if the body is in a state of hyperthermia, the skin reduces the body's
temperature through sweating and

Chemical Safety Assignment On The Use Of Potassium Nitrate...
Chemical Safety Assignment
Student's Name:
Institution:
Chemical Safety Assignment
Answer 1
The chemical that will be analyzed in this section is potassium nitrate. There are different types of
information related to the chemical the student needs to gather to ensure proper air sampling is
carried out. It is necessary to determine the fire properties of this chemical and the level of damage
it might cause when left in the open. Significantly, the assessment must find out about other
processes that affect the usage of potassium nitrate in different environments within the organization
(McDermott, 2004). This knowledge will enable the worker to recognize how various control
measures can be used to deal with various hazards associated with the chemical that might cause
harm to different people. Therefore, evaluating the real magnitude of different dangers involved will
enable all those involved to come up with appropriate methods that limit workers' exposure to the
hazards.
It is important for the student to determine how the risk of fire and explosion after exposure to
potassium nitrate can be dealt with. In effect, this knowledge will equip the student with skills to
deal with the dispersal effects of potassium nitrate dust at the workplace when it occurs. More
importantly, it is vital for the analysis to determine if the dust has harmful effects to the respiratory
system when inhaled and the levels of protection an organization can initiate to prevent

Symptoms And Treatment Of A Pressure Ulcer
A pressure ulcer is defined as "a localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue, usually over a
bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear," according to the
National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, abbreviated NPAUP (2007). NPUAP (2007) redefined the
definition and classification of a pressure ulcer in 2007. As a result of the modification, stages I–IV,
the four original stages, underwent alterations to their existing classifications and definitions. In
addition, two stages, deep tissue injury and unstageable resulted. Through an explanation and
description of the development of a pressure ulcer and the stages, the anatomy is shown. For a
pressure ulcer to develop, damage to the lining of blood and lymphatic vessels, or endothelial
damage occur over a bony prominence as the result of several processes such as a disrupting and
shearing force (Gillick & Sheerin, 2004, p. 34). Once a pressure ulcer begins to develop, deep tissue
damage gradually rises to shallower tissues. According to Gillick and Sheerin (2004), the extent of
damage caused by a pressure ulcer is related to the pressure and repeated pressure applications and
the length of time that a body part is exposed to pressure (p. 34). Therefore, locally reduce blood
flow, which could cause complications if the endothelium is impaired, and locally reduce oxygen
levels and increase carbon dioxide levels are a direct result of irregular pressure. When the pressure
is relived,

Epidermi Skin Cancer
Introduction. The skin is one of the body's largest and multifunctional organ. Depending on body
size and mass it can weigh between 7 to 22 pounds (1). The skin's roles are: protection from
microbes and harmful substances, thermoregulation and sensation receptiveness of touch, heat and
cold. The skin consists of three layers: the epidermis, dermis and the hypodermis. The outermost
layer of skin, the epidermis, provides a waterproof barrier and consists of melanocytes. Melanocytes
produce and store the pigment melanin which creates skin tone. Underneath the epidermis is the
dermis; it contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis has an
arrangement of nerve fibers and blood vessels. Blood vessels carry nutrients and oxygen to the cells
of the dermis and the epidermis, which are avascular (2). The ... Show more content on
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Melanoma can spread quickly to other parts of the body and organs. In addition, it can begin
wherever there is pigment, most appear spontaneously, and about one–third develop from
preexisting moles. An estimated 9,940 people will die of melanoma in 2015 according to American
Cancer Society (2015) (6). Although it accounts for less than two percent of skin cancer cases,
melanoma composes the vast majority of skin cancer deaths. Indeed, certain populations are at a
greater risk of getting skin

Summary: Comparing The Body's Skin
comparing the body's organs, none is more easily exposed to disease, infection and injury than the
skin. Understanding a burn injury requires much more recognition of the skin anatomy and
physiology. Structurally, the skin consists of two principle parts. The superficial, thinner portion,
which is composed of epithelial tissue, called the dermis. Deep to the dermis is a subcutaneous layer
called the hypodermis, consisting of areolar and adipose tissues. Fibers from the dermis extend into
the subcutaneous layer and connects the skin to it. This layer, in turn, attaches to underlying tissues
and organs. The skin serves several functions, the first being regulation of body temperature. It also
plays a vital role in protection, acting as a physical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first step involves inflammation, a vascular and integumentary response that serves to dispose
of microbes and dying tissue in preparation for repair. During this phase, a blood clot will form in
the burn in an attempt to loosely unite the wounds edges. As there is an increase in permeability of
blood vessels, it will enhance the delivery of white blood cells like neutrophils and monocytes, these
will then develop into fibroblasts. These fibroblasts will migrate and assist the blood vessels in
growing. During this phase tissue filling the wound is called granulation tissue. The next phase will
consist of the growth of epithelial cells. In the final phase the epidermis is restored to normal
thickness. Referring back to the case study, regeneration will be slow, and much granulation tissue
will form before being covered by the epithelium. In Pablo's case, scar tissue will form which will
be elevated above the normal epidermal surface, with fewer blood vessels which may not contain
hair, skin glands and sensory

Layers Of The Skin Essay
The skin is one of the most important organs of the body because it protects the
body from outer dangers, like, bacteria that can cause infections. There are many
structures that compose the skin, such as, the epidermis layer is the first layer of the
skin that is made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells and has no blood
supply, and therefore it gets its nutrients through diffusion. This layer has many layers
before it reaches the second layer of the skin. The deepest layer is called the stratum
basale, this layer has a row of stem cells that are the most mitotic and nourished out of
all the layers of the epidermis. When the mitotic basal cells divide, one of the
keratinocytes daughter cells continue into the second deepest layer of ... Show more content on
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The second deepest layer is called stratum spinosum, which is
composed of cells that contain thick intermediate filaments made from pre–keratin
proteins that connect to desmosomes. In this layer the keratinocytes develop a spike
appearance and there is cell division, but not as much as the basale layer (1). This layer
also gets nourishment, but not as much as the basal layer, so when the keratinocytes
move to next layer of the epidermis they will slowly die until they get to the most
superficial layer, there they will become dead cells. The next layer of the epidermis is
the second superficial layer compared to the two deepest layers and it is called the
stratum granulosum. In this layer the keratinocyte go through a process called

keratinization, this is when the keratinocytes start getting filled with nothing but keratin
and they start to get flat. During this process, the keratinocytes organelles break down
and there are two type of granules that are taken in, which are lamellar granules that
contain water – resistant glycolipids and keratohyaline granules that help

Skin Thermoreceptors
–Skin is composed of 3 layers– the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat/hypodermis.
–In addition to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat, the skin also has sebaceous glands and
sensory receptors (located in the dermis).
–Sensory receptors are either interoceptors (detect stimuli in the body) or exteroceptors (detect
stimuli outside the body).
–These receptors can be further categorized into chemoreceptors (react with chemicals),
photoreceptors (react with light energy), mechanoreceptors (react with mechanical forces), or
thermoreceptors (react with changes in temperature).
–Skin color is caused by melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Melanin is located in the epidermis
and is produced by special cells known as melanocytes when they ... Show more content on
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Allergies can cause a variety of symptoms such as inflammation, swelling, irritation, itching, hives,
or anaphylactic shock.
–There are various types of infections that affect the integumentary system. Some of these infections
include boils, impetigo, folliculitis, tinea pedis (athlete's foot) and warts. Some symptoms and
effects of these are blisters, inflammation, pus, and itching.
–Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer and there are many types. The most common are
basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. These cancers cause lesions, spots,
bumps, or

Ehsm 5163 Week 7 Assignment
OLANREWAJU VICTOR FADARE
EHSM 5163
Week 7 Assignment
Question 1
A. Ans
The outermost layer of the epidermis is known as the stratum corneum, it is water resistant and
when not damaged, it protects the body from foreign substances such as bacteria, virus etc. it also
ensures the protection of muscles, blood vessels, nerves and internal organs. The skin is also thicker
in regions that requires more protection such as the sole of the feet and palms.
It protects the body from ultraviolent rays from the sun due to the presence of melanin from
melanocytes. This radiation can damage the DNA and lead to diseases such as cancer
B. Ans
The dermis contains elastic and fibrous tissues such as fibrillin, collagen and elastin. These tissues
gives ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These substances includes aftershave lotions, coal tar, sunscreens etc.
Contact dermatitis causes rash and itching. The itching is usually more when allergic but the rash
depends on the level of reaction from mild to severe swellings. These rash affects only the areas in
contact and can spread to other areas.
Touching the blister fluid and rash would not affect other body parts or people that fail to come in
contact with the substance.
Irritant contact dermatitis causes more pain than itch as it causes direct damage to the skin
Body fluids such as urine and saliva can cause irritation contact dermatitis to the skin
Question 3.
Ans
Psoriasis: This is a common, chronic and recurring skin disorder that changes and alters the life
cycle of skin cells. It causes cells to accumulate quickly on the skin surface. The extra cells from the
skin forms a thick, itchy, silvery scale and a red patch. It can appear at any part of the body such as
the knee, scalp, elbow etc. it is treated with drugs applied to the skin, ingested and with ultraviolet
radiation. This disease has affected about 1%–5% of the world population and it is more common to
the light skinned people. Psoriasis may persist throughout a person's life as it comes and goes but it
is usually reduced during the summer period when the skin is exposed to ultraviolent radiation and
flare ups are common during

Fingerprint Patterns And Genetic Identification
Abstract
How many times have you heard, you look just like your brother or sister? Have you ever wondered
why people tell you that you look like your mother and father when they were your age? Many
related people appear to have several similar physical traits because they inherit half of their parents'
DNA, the genetic plan. What about fingerprint patterns? Are they inherited traits too? Fingerprints
are used to identify Homo sapiens because each person has a unique fingerprint detail but has
similar patterns. While doing this project, we will determine if fingerprint patterns are genetically
inherited or randomly created. These different fingerprint patterns will be examined through both a
magnifying glass and a microscope that will be compared and contrast with other fingerprints to
figure out whether or not they relate to one another. Keywords: related, physical traits, inherit, DNA,
fingerprint patterns, Homo sapiens, genetically, microscope, compare, genetic plan
Genetic Fingerprint Patterns Several people have many physical traits which are inherited from their
parents, but can fingerprint patterns also be inherited from parents? For this experiment, it requires
voluntary participation from participants willing to contribute by allowing their fingerprints to be
examined (Science Buddies Staff, 2014). The purpose of this is to assist the data and observations of
fingerprint patterns to see if the patterns are inherited or not. We will be examining each

Integumentary System Research Paper
Have you ever realised how amazing our skin is? It's waterproof, stretchy, very durable and keeps
our whole body in one piece. It's also the largest organ in our body. Can you imagine if we didn't
have any skin? All of our organs would just fall all over the place. Your hair, nails, skin, sweat
glands, and oil glands are all part of the integumentary system. By definition, your integumentary
system is a complex group of tissues working together to ensure your survival. Your skin has two
layers. The outer layer is called your epidermis. It's made up of epithelial cells. The main purpose of
your epidermis is to protect your body from germs and from getting injured. If we didn't have an
epidermis, we'd be sick all the time, and any little cut would hurt extremely bad. On ... Show more
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When this happens water seeps into your epithelial cells, causing them to swell up, and your skins
gets red and puffy. Do you know how some people have dark skin, and some have white skin? It's
from the pigments in your epithelial cells. The two main pigments that affect the color of our skin
are melanin and carotene. There are two types of melanin. Most people have dark brown melanin,
which gives your skin a brown, olive, or black color, but some people have red–orange melanin and
they usually have red hair, and a lot of freckles. Melanin is produced by cells deep in your epidermis
called melanocytes. All of us have the same amount of melanocytes, but the color of our skin is
determined by how much melanin your melanocytes make, which is controlled by your DNA. When
you're in the sun for awhile, your body starts generating more melanin, and can sometimes result in
a freckle. A freckle is

The integumentary system is an organ system that consists of skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands.
This system's most important function is to protect the body from outside harm. Other functions
include retaining body fluids, protecting against disease, ridding of waste products, and regulating
body temperature. The skin is the largest organ of the body; although, it is only a few millimeters
thick. It helps to protect the body from chemicals, ultraviolent light, disease, and physical damage.
The epidermis is the outer layer of skin that covers almost the entire body. This layer lies above, and
protects the dermis, which is the inner layer of the skin. The epidermis does not contain blood or
blood vessels; however, the dermis does. There

Age Related Changes
"The skin is the largest, most visible, and most complicated of the body systems. In an average
adult, it covers more than 3,000 square inches and weighs about six pounds. It is served by one third
of all the blood circulating the body" (Saxon, 2010, p. 17).The skin has many functions in which one
needs in order to stay healthy and living. The skin protects the underlying tissues and structures of
one's body, and prevents them from drying or obtaining an excessive loss of water and electrolytes.
It also regulates the temperatures in the body through mechanisms such as sweating and shivering.
Acting as a physical, chemical, and biological barrier, the skin protects from harmful bacteria and
foreign substances contacting with the body. Most importantly, ... Show more content on
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It presents as a hyperkeratotic, sometimes painful, nodules and ulcers. Squamous cell carcinoma is
observed as an isolated firm nodule, red or reddish–brown in color, with ulceration and scales. It is
painless, bleeds easily, and usually is found on sun–exposed areas (Saxon, 2010, p. 17). This type of
skin cancer is usually treated with surgical excisions with wide margins of "normal" skin to ensure
tumor clearance. Moh's micrographic surgery and radiotherapy are two common procedures for this
type of carcinoma" (Lacy,

Study Guide Ch 5 Integumentary System K
1
Name:
Lab Time:
Integumentary System
Study Guide, Chapter 5
Part I. Clinical Applications
1. Mrs. Ibanez volunteered to help at a hospital for children with cancer. When she first entered the
cancer ward, she was upset by the fact that most of the children had no hair. What is the explanation
for their baldness?
Chemotherapy drugs used to treat cancer kill the most rapidly dividing cells in the body, including
many matrix cells in the hair follicles; thus the hair falls out.
2. A new mother brings her infant to the clinic, worried about a yellowish, scummy deposit that has
built up on the baby's scalp. What is this condition called, and is it serious?
The baby has seborrhea, or cradle cap, a condition of overactive sebaceous glands. ... Show more
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Therefore, although they will feel warmer superficially, body temperature will decrease. They
should wear their coats. 10. A hypodermic needle is used to introduce drugs into the loose
connective tissue of the hypodermis. Beginning on the surface of the skin in the region of the thigh,
list, in order, the layers of the tissue the needle would penetrate to reach the hypodermis.
Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum germinativum, dermis (papillary
layer, reticular layer).
3
11. Two teenagers are discussing their problems with acne. One says to the other, "Sure wich I could
get rid of these whiteheads." The other replies, "At least you don't have blackheads like I do." What
is the differences between a "whitehead" and a "blackhead"?
"Whiteheads" contain accumulated, stagnant secretions. "Blackheads" contain more solid material
that has been invaded by bacteria.
12. Even though the skin is water resistant, it is not waterproof. When the skin is immersed is water,
osmotic forces may move water in or out of the epithelium. Long–term exposure to seawater
endangers survivors of a shipwreck by accelerating dehydration. How and why does this occur?

The ocean is a hypertonic solution, thus causing water to leave the body by crossing the epidermis
from the underlying tissues
13. Tretinoin (Retin–A) has been called the anti–aging cream. Since it is applied topically, how does
it affect the skin?
Retin–A increases blood flow to the

The Skin Lab Report
Fact 1: Biology – The skin
The skin is the outer most layer of most animals and is seen as the largest organ of the body
consisting of 3 layers, namely the epidermis, dermis and sub–dermis or hypodermis. These layers
contain different specialized structures, as can be seen on the diagram on the cover page, which
perform functions that are essential for our survival. The skin separates the internal body from the
surrounding environment and thus it protects the body against water loss, radiation, toxic chemicals
and infections in the surrounding environment. One of the structures that is further discussed are
melanocytes in the epidermis and melanin production. The melanocytes are stored in the basal
keratinocytes which causes the brown or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Discrepancies between the investigational and model outcomes indicate the necessity to restructure
auxiliary variables of the model. The addition of constituents to the model e.g. skin whitening,
promotes improved explanation of the investigational data, and novel biological and physical
experiments may be endeavoured to investigate unidentified procedures involved in and affecting
melanin production in the skin with regards to UV radiation. Critical parameters e.g. UV radiation,
act as a guide for new experiments to concentrate specifically on the model of melanin

Describe The Difference Between First And Second-Degree Burns
Burns are classified by the depth of the skin affected; There are two categories of burns partial
thickness burns, first and second–degree burns, and full thickness burns, third–degree burns. First–
degree burns can be obtained through sunburns or brief exposer to very hot or cold objects and are
the least serious with only damage to the epidermis or top layer of the skin. You can identify first–
degree burns through red skin with possible slight swelling and pain. Since these burns are not very
serious medical attention is not usually needed but homecare options include soaking the affected
area in cool water these burns have a recovery time of about a week. Second–degree burns can be
obtained by severe sunburns, severe scalding, touching a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This loss of water affects homeostasis and until skin is repaired and the patient is on their way to
recovery they may not have the ability to properly maintain their water levels to remain in a
homeostatic state. This results in the need for fluids to be given to the patient through an IV at the
same rate the patient is losing fluid to avoid both death and shock. The amount of fluid being lost
can be calculated using the Rule of Nines and the patients body weight. While burns may not spread
to others it may spread to affect more than just the integumentary system; severe burns may reach
bone infecting the skeletal system, severe burns damage or destroy nerve endings causing an effect
on the nervous system, the inability to retain fluids in severe burn patients causes dehydration
affecting the urinary system.
Key terms
Skin grafts– A skin graft is a piece of unburned skin which is surgically removed to cover a burned
area
Rule of Nines–method used in calculating body surface area involved in burns: Head and neck, 9%;
anterior thorax, 18%; posterior thorax, 18%; arms, 9% each; legs, 18% each; and genital,

The Effects Of Melanoma On The Integumentary System Essay
Integumentary System The Integumentary system is defined as "an organ system consisting in the
skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands" (Integumentary System, 1999). This systems main purpose is
to protect the body from the environment around it. The skin covers and protects tissues, nerves,
veins, and muscles of the body. The hair and nails give extra strength in reinforcing the skin while
keeping the body warm and protecting the skin from harmful UV rays. The exocrine glands of the
skin include the sudoriferous glands, sebaceous glands, and the ceruminous glands. Each exocrine
gland has a different function as well as location in the skin. The following text will explain the
effects of melanoma on the integumentary system.
Skin
The skin is divided into three different parts including the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The
epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. This region of the skin has no blood cells or blood
vessels running through it. All of the nutrients that the epidermis needs are received through
diffusion from the dermis. The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells. The
epidermis is made of five separate layers: the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum
granulosum, stratum lucidum, and the stratum corneum. Starting at the innermost layer, the stratum
basale is where mitosis of keratinocytes takes place. This layer of the epidermis also contains
melanocytes which give the skin it's pigment. As mitosis takes place in the stratum

Nursing Education is Necessary in the Prevention of...
Roles of the Registered Nurse (RN) are ever changing where it is key to continue to educate for the
protection and well being of the patient. Pressure ulcers have become a main issue in healthcare in
an attempt to lower cost as well as prevent further morbidities and complications for the patient.
According to the National Institute of Health (NIH) a pressure ulcer is defined as an area of skin that
breaks down when something keeps rubbing or pressing against the skin. An increase in immobile
and elderly patients has increased the risk for the development of pressure ulcers. The education and
prevention of pressure ulcers should be implemented as a key goal for a nurse during the care of a
patient. Pressure ulcers is tissue damage ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shearing is when the patient is pulled against the bed while in a stationary position usually as a
result of gravity. (Ignatavicius, 2013) Managing the incontinent patient is key in the prevention of
pressure ulcers because moist skin is more vulnerable when the external mechanical force is applied.
(Ignatavicius, 2013) A diligent nurse who pays attention to the risks and causes and implements a
plan of care can avoid the development of most pressure ulcers. Assessment of a patient is key in
preventing a pressure ulcer from occurring as well as keeping a pressure ulcer from getting
progressively worse. A history of the debilitated patient can often determine the cause and risks.
Some risk factors include bed rest/immobility, incontinence, diabetes mellitus, inadequate
nutrition/hydration, and altered mental status. (Ignatavicius, 2013) Nurses must meticulously assess
a patient history to determine the severity of developing an ulcer. The Braden Scale is a widely used
tool for predicting a patient's risk for developing a pressure ulcer. It uses 6 categories that include
sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction and shear and rates the risk of
1–4 for each category. A patient with a score of <11 is at severe risk, 12–14 puts a patient at
moderate risk, and a score >14 is at low risk. (Ignatavicius, 2013) When physically assessing a
patient, the nurse must inspect the entire

Pressure Area Care Essay
The skin is the largest organ of the body and it acts as a waterproof protector for all of the internal
organs, it is comprised of several layers including the Epidermis which is the outer layer and is a
protective multi–layered self renewing structure which varies in thickness depending on which part
of the body it covers. Under this is the Dermis, this is a layer of connective tissue which provides
the skins elasticity and strength, it also contains sensory nerve endings, blood and lymph vessels,
sebaceous and sweat glands. Under this layer is the Subcutaneous fat layer, this layer separates the
skin from the underlying bone and muscle with a rich blood supply it also serves as an insulator and
energy store. Pressure ulcers develop ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is essential that team work is used as this would be the safest way to ensure that the individual is
assessed in a prompt and correct manner and given the correct pressure relieving equipment and
where necessary the correct dressings are used on the individual and to ensure that all necessary
documentation is carried out.
It is important to ensure that the agreed care plan is followed to ensure that all precautions that are
deemed necessary for the prevention or care of pressure ulcers are carried out, it is also important
that the agreed care plan has been checked and agreed with the individual to ensure that any
concerns that either the individual or the health care worker may have regarding the plan of care are
addressed and where necessary any changes be made to the plan of care, and to ensure that valid
consent has been obtained from the individual concerned..
The pressure risk assessment tools which is used in the area I work is a Risk Assessment Booklet,
which contains a comprehensive check list on the

Melanoma Skin Cancer Research Paper
There are three primary layers of the skin: the outer layer, the epidermis and the layer beneath, the
dermis and the hypodermis. The epidermis is thin, tough and waterproof while protecting the body
from outside bacteria invading the body. It also contains keratinocytes which are from the basal
layer which is the deepest layer of the skin. The keratinocytes reach up to the epidermis, shed and
new ones form again. The dermis is the second layer of the skin and is the thickest. It is made from
fibrous and elastic tissues which are made from fibrillin, elastin and collagen to create the strength
and flexibility. It also contains sweat and oil glands, nerve endings, blood vessels and hair follicles.
Sweat glands help the body cool off during heat ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If they are spotted early in development, they can be treated, however if not, can turn into squamous
cell carcinoma. Actinic keratosis can be treated in three different ways: medications, therapy or
surgical procedures. Medications such as fluorouracial cream or ingenol mebutate gel which kills
the abnormal cells that cause actinic keratosis. Therapy such as photodynamic therapy is when an
oral medication is taken that makes the damaged skin photosensitive and then exposed to an intense
laser light to destroy the cells. Surgical procedures can into cryotherapy which is also known as
freezing and is used of liquid nitrogen applied directly to the skin. Another procedure is curettage
which is also known as scraping and consist of using a curet to scrape off the damaged cells in the

The Importance of Function of the Integumentary System
The integumentary system consists of the skin, the hair follicles, the nails, the sweat glands, and the
sebaceous glands. The functions of this system are protection, temperature regulation, sensation,
excretion and production of vitamin D.
The skin is the body's largest organ. The skin is made up of two dermal layers.
Epidermis– "its surface consist of dead cells packed with the tough protein keratin." (Saladin p.178)
Dermis–"is mainly composed of collagen, but also contains elastic and reticular fibers, fibroblasts,
and the other cells typical of fibrous connective tissue."(Saladin p. 181)
The most important function of the integumentary system is protection. Skin serves as a barrier

Two Main Layers Of Skin
Katherine Pina
The human body has two main layers of skin. The first layer is the epidermis which is above the
second layer, the dermis. These two are separated by the basement membrane. This first layer is the
most superficial layer of skin, which means that it is visible to the human eye without an injury. The
epidermis contains no blood vessels, and is thinner than the dermis. However, these do not stop the
epidermis from taking care, and protecting the body. There is a good number of layers of cells
within the epidermis, they are split up into regions, also known as strata. These layers are named,
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granuiosum, stratum lucidum, and lastly the most
superficial layer, the stratum corneum. These laers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is what connects the epidermis to the basement membrane, by means of hemidesmosomes, this
also anchors the basement membrane to the dermis. Every 19 days keratinocytes are undergoing
mitotic divison. These keratinocytes are held in place by desmosomes, and use keratin fibers to
supple strength. The stratum spinosum is the next layer up, as each layer goes up, it becomes more
superficial. These layers are between 8–10 many–sided cells. In this layer the desmosomes are
broken apart and create news ones, before this the cells push to the surface as they flatten. While
being seen through a microscope the cells appear to be spiny, which the name is referenced to.
Inside the keratinocytes lamellar are formed from keratin fibers. Mitosis doesn't take place in this
layer. The stratum granulosum is two to five somewhat flatten layers, of diamond shaped cells. This
layer produces keratin fibers which are used in the all the layers. Nonprotein membrane bound
granules called keratohyalin, migrate to the cytoplasm. A release of lipids causes the nucleus to
degenerate and die. However, the keratin fibers and keratinohylain

The Integumentary System In The Human Body
The Integumentary System plays an extensive role in our everyday lives. It consists of hair, skin,
nails, and glands. Therefore, it is one of the largest organ systems that can be seen and in the human
body. All these structures help protect the inner portion of the body. But the most important structure
overall is the skin.
The skin is used as a waterproof layer protecting everything on the inside of the body. The skin
regulates the temperature of the body and the moisture. It also works as a barrier keeping certain
diseases from entering the body, like bacteria and viruses. Likewise it also helps against harmful
rays like ultraviolet radiation. The skin is a sensory organ meaning it can distinguish if it is cold or
hot, touch, pain,

What Is Hair?
Slide 2: What is Hair? Hairs are flexible strands produced by hair follicles and consist largely of,
dead, kerantinized cells.
It contains hard keratin which is tougher and more durable than soft keratin of the skin.
Keratin is a fibrous protein that makes hair hard and water resistant.
Slide 2: What is Hair (continued) The Chief Regions of Hair
The Shaft is the portion in which kerantinization is complete. It projects from the skin, extends
about halfway down the portion of the hair that's embedded in the skin.
The root has keratinization that is still ongoing. It's the remainder of the hair deep within the follicle.
Slide 3: Hair Shaft Shapes
If the shaft is flat and ribbonlike in cross section, the hair is curly; if it's oval, the hair is silky and
wavy; if it's round, the hair is straight and tends to be coarse. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It's the only part of the hair that contains soft keratin, and absent in fine hairs.
Cortex is the bulky layer surrounding the medulla. It has several layers of flattened cells. Cuticle is
the outermost and is formed from a single layer of cells overlapping one another. It helps separate
neighboring hairs so the hair doesn't mat. The cuticle is the most keratinized part of the hair; it
provides strength and helps keep the inner layers tightly compacted.
Slide 5: Hair Color
Hair pigment is made by melanocytes at the base of the hair follicle and transferred to the cortical
cells.
Various proportions of melanins of different colors ( like yellow, rust, brown and black) combine to
produce hair color from lightest blond to pitch black.
Pheomelanin is a type of pigment that colors the hair red.
Black and brown hair are dominant, which means they are the most common hair colors.
Blond and red hair are recessive, both are the least common hair

Essay On Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (ep–i–der–mo–lie–sis bu–low–suh), also known as JEB, affects
about 25,000 people in the US and roughly 500,000 people around the world. Most of these people
are young children because JEB is often lethal and 40% of those with the disease do not survive
until adolescence. JEB is a recessive genetic connective tissue disorder, but there are currently no
genetic tests that can be done to see if parents may be carriers of the disease. Parents usually find out
that they are carriers after their child is born with the condition.
JEB can be characterized by symptoms including fragile skin that results in blisters and skin erosion,
and is prone to bacterial infections and skin cancers, such as squamous cell ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
An article in the New York Times recently mentioned a promising new treatment for JEB. After
losing ⅔ of his epidermis due to a bacterial infection, a 7–year–old boy with JEB was sent to a burn
unit in Germany, as burn units typically have treatments for people that lose a majority of their skin.
The boy was put in a medically–induced coma and doctors attempted to treat him with antibiotics,
bandages, special nutritional measures and a skin transplant from the boy's father. None of the
treatments worked and the boy was expected to live for only an additional two months.
Doctors at the hospital reached out to Dr. Michele De Luca, the director of the Center for
Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia in Italy. Dr.
De Luca had previous experience with smaller skin grafts for JEB, larger skin grafts for burn victims
and corneal grafts for eye injuries. His team removed ½ in2 of the boy's skin in an area where his
skin was not yet affected and genetically engineered his cells with a retroviral vector to the full
version of the LAMB3 complementary DNA, which was a precursor to the normal version of his
mutated gene. The cells were grown into sheets totaling 9 ft2 and grafted back onto his body. 80%
of the patient's skin was replaced and the treatment was successful. The boy remains recovered two
years after the treatment and is now

Cellulite
Cellulite is a condition of adipose origin in which adipose tissue protrudes through the dermis
causing an 'orange peel' or 'cottage cheese' type dimpling of skin seen most commonly on the thighs
and buttocks of many post–pubertal women. The initial changes leading to cellulite formation
appear to be deterioration of the capillary network, vascular changes and abnormal deposits of
glycosaminoglycans, leading to excess fluid retention within subcutaneous tissues. A variety of
treatments ranging from topical creams to laser therapies are currently available, claiming to reduce
the dimpled skin appearance however successful results are often anecdotal, subjective or not
present at all.
Cellulite can be primarily found in any area of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The inability to repair tissue damage due to continued oedema and vascular congestion can lead to
thickening and sclerosis of the fibrous septae in the superficial adipose tissue and deep dermis,
creating the clinical appearance of cellulite.
Cellulite is an unwanted condition and a rising demand for cellulite reduction has new non–invasive
treatment modalities becoming popular. Currently there are numerous medications, devices and
diverse therapies that allegedly treat cellulite however there is little evidence to support long term
effectiveness. Due to the nature of cellulite, effective treatment would need to repair and strengthen
the dermis as well as expel the fat protrusion back underneath the dermis. Retinoids are thought to
increase dermal collagen fibres, allowing the dermis to prevent further herniation of fat as the
collagen deposition makes the dermis much stronger, therefore reducing the appearance of cellulite.
Endermologie is a hand–held mechanical system used to simulate manual massages of the skin. It is
hypothesized that it is able to reduce the appearance of cellulite by causing damages to the
subcutaneous fat cells by positive (rolling) and negative (suction) pressures, disrupting fat cells and
allowing for better distribution of subcutaneous fat.
The long–pulsed 1064–nm neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) produces a non–
specific dermal heat to trigger a wound healing response resulting in

Persuasive Essay : Good Care Of Your Skin
It's common for people to think that to remain a healthy lifestyle, you just have to work out and eat
healthy. What we tend to take advantage of the most is our skin, until one day we fall down and
realize how much it hurts to have even the tiniest scrape on our body. Now a days the science behind
skin care on the face is becoming a trend, but it's not just our faces that help us remain youthful. It's
important to take good care of your skin because skin is your body's largest organ, it serves as a
protective barrier between your insides and the outside world, and it helps regulate body
temperature. Skin has three main layers that protect our bodies. The hypodermis is the deeper
subcutaneous tissue that is made out of fat and connective tissue, storing most of the bodies fat. The
dermis is a thick layer of fibrous and elastic tissue made of mostly collagen, that gives the skin it's
strength and contains sweat glands, hair follicles and blood vessels. The epidermis is the outer layer
of skin that provides a waterproof barrier and gives people their skin tone. Within the epidermis are
multiple other layers that are also protecting us. "The outermost layer of the skin, the stratum
corneum, contains the skin's main barrier. This is made up of 15–20 layers of skin cells, depending
on the area of the body covered" (Collier 1)." There are many simple ways to maintain good skin.
For example, if you are one who suffers from dry skin, but loves those long hot showers, then you
need

Skin: Physiologic Changes To The Skin
Skin is made up of three major layers, the outermost layer being the epidermis, the deeper layer
being the dermis, and the layer below the dermis or the hypodermis layer. The skin provides
protection against pathogens, dehydration, UV light and mechanical trauma: 1) epithelial cells
provide a barrier, sebaceous glands produce an oil called sebum, it has antifungal, and antibacterial
properties, provides lubrication, hydration by preventing water loss from the epidermis, and
increases the surface film that blocks toxic and caustic irritants. 2) contains somatic sensory
receptors that can distinguish pain, heat, cold, and touch; 3) contains elastic and recoil properties
that allows for growth and movement; 4) hormone production, vitamin D; 5) ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
One regulatory standard that influences nursing practice for pressure ulcers is the Deficit Reduction
Act (DRA) of 2005, for discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2008, hospitals will not receive
additional payment for cases in which one of the selected conditions was not present on admission.
If a pressure ulcer was not present upon admission but occurred after admission, a hospital will not
receive additional payment related to this hospital acquired condition because it comes have been
prevented (USCMMS, 2016). When hospitals lose financially, it impacts staffing and patient care.
Hospitals are now more proactive about preventing pressure ulcers, nurses document the condition
of a patient's skin upon admission, we have skincare/wound nurses that help us to apply evidenced
based practices in order treat and prevent pressure

Persuasive Essay On Facial Rejuvenation
The craving to have healthier, clearer and even more beaming skin is universal. Everybody wants to
look their best and throughout time, skin challenges can develop which must be addressed for us to
meet that craving. Age, weather, climate, and lifestyle can affect the way the skin appears and plays
its role. One option for those eyeing to attain good skin health is facial rejuvenation, which
encompasses confiscating skin which has been impaired in various ways, either because of age,
undesirable marks, scars and any number of other skin challenges. Some of the facial rejuvenation
treatment options that we offer take account of:
 Chemical Peel – Pumpkin peel, Yellow Peel, Black Peel
 Hydra facial
 IPL Photo facial
 Vampire Face Lift
 Laser Skin Toning
 Dermabrasion
Chemical Peel
A chemical peel is a process for overall skin improvement for a specific issue, most common being
post inflammation, hyperpigmentation or acne. Chemical peel causes the skin to get dry and
exfoliate. Renewed skin is fine, smooth and less wrinkly. The method works for face, neck and other
body portions as well. We offer numerous peels for diverse indications.
 Cosmelan Peel
 Yellow Peel
 Melano Tx Peel
 Salucylic Acid with combinations
 Glycolic Acid peel in combination
 Phenol Peel
 Glutathione Skin Whitening Peel
 TCA peel
Hydra Facial
Hydra facial is a pioneering breakthrough in today's skin care. As the name infers, it hydrates the
skin. Virtually everybody knows that red, dry,

Integumentary System: Providing Protection from the...
The integumentary system establishes a barrier between the inside of the human body and the
outside world. The purpose of this system is to provide protection from the external environment,
sensation in terms of pressure, pain, and temperature, production of vitamin D after exposure to
ultraviolet light from the sun, temperature regulation so as to not overheat the body, and excretion
through means of sweating (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew, 2011). The skin is able to provide the
body with all of the aforementioned features because of its composition. The skin itself is made up
of two layers: the epidermis and the dermis.
The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis and is made up of stratified squamous epithelium.
The epidermis does not contain any blood vessels and is vastly made up of keratinocytes. These
cells secrete a protein called keratin which contributes to the tough feeling of skin and its water
resistance. The epidermis also contains melanocytes that are responsible for skin pigmentation and
Langerhans cells that work as a part of the immune system to provide an immediate defense if a
foreign substance were to come in contact with the skin. There are also Merkel cells in the epidermis
that are responsible for sensations such as light touch and slight pressure (Patton & Thibodeau,
2009). Aside from these features, the epidermis is also made up of five distinct layers called strata.
The deepest and innermost layer of the epidermis is the stratum basale.

Decubitus Ulcers Essay example
Over the years, nursing homes patients haven't been given the attention that they need. Because
elders are so vulnerable and they require a lot of attention, this type of treatment has been labeled as
nursing home abuse. One of the signs of ongoing abuse and neglect include decubitus ulcers also
known as "bed sores. These types of sores are created when excessive pressure is applied to a certain
area. They can range from a mild pink coloration of the skin, which disappears in a few hours after
pressure is relieved from the area, to a very deep wound extending to and sometimes through a bone
into internal organs. Although these are some of the first signs of nursing home abuse, skin burns are
another sign of abuse. A burn is a harmful ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Treatment of a stage 1 decubitus ulcers consists of relieving pressure form the infected area and then
covering, protecting, and cushioning the area as best as possible. Increased nutrition is also a part of
prevention at this stage. An increase in vitamin C, proteins, and fluids is recommended.
A stage 2 or Partial Thickness decubitus ulcer is a partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis,
dermis, or both. This stage presents clinically as a shallow crater, blister, abrasion, or skin tear. The
blister can be either broken or unbroken.
The primary goal of treatment in this case is to cover, protect, and clean the area as quickly as
possible. Skin lotions or emollients are used to give hydration to the surrounding tissues and to
prevent the wound form spreading or getting worse. Any types of padding or protective substance
that decrease the pressure on the area are important. Close attention to prevention, protection,
nutrition, and hydration is very important at this point also. With proper care and quick acting, a
stage 2 wound can heal very rapidly.
A stage 3 or Full thickness decubitus ulcer is a full thickness skin loss involving damage to or
necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to, but not through underlying fascia. This
stage presents clinically as a deep crater with or without undermining of adjacent tissue.
The treatment of relieving pressure is still very important in this stage as in both stage

Burn Research Paper
PART A –
The skin is the largest organ of the body, the skin protects us from microbes and the elements, it also
helps regulate body temperature, and permits the sensations of touch, heat, and cold. There are three
layers of skin, this includes the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier
and creates our skin tone, the dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, which
gives the skin flexibility and strength, hair follicles, produce the various types of hair found
throughout our body, sweat glands, these produce sweat in response to stress and heat, blood vessels
of the dermis are what help regulate our body temperature, and nerve ending, which sense pain,
pressure and temperature and the hypodermis, the deeper internal tissue is made of fat and
connective tissue, this functions as a protective shield for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There are three main types of burns, beginning with first degree burn, the most minor burn, this
degree of burn only affects the epidermis, it will cause redness, swelling and pain, as the burn is
healing dry skin will begin peeling off. The next type of burn is a second degree burn; these burns
are more harmful because they damage more than the epidermis, it will blister and become
extremely red and sore. Over time a thick, soft called tissue fibrinous exudate may develop over the
wound. Excluding fourth degree burns, third degree burns are the most severe, they cause the most
damage, extending through every layer of skin, there is a misconception that third degree burns are
the most painful, however, with this type of burn the damage is so extensive that there may not be
any pain because of nerve damage. This degree results in white or blackened, charred skin that

Synthetic Fibers And Its Effects On The Body
2.2.2.2 Elastic fibres
Elastic fibres are 1 µm to 3µm in diameter and are loosely arranged in all directions in the dermis
[90]. These fibres are scattered among the collagen bundles and become thicker in the deeper layers
of the dermis [90]. Elastic fibres, as their name indicates, are extremely elastic and help in the elastic
recoil of the skin and that is the reason why they are more abundant in the dermis of the face, scalp
and the extensible organs, such as tendons and arteries [91, 92].
2.2.2.3 Extrafibrillar matrix
The extrafibrillar matrix includes a ground substance (glycosaminoglycans), dermal fibroblasts,
dendritic cells, mast cells, histiocytes, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics [85]. Ground substance
is a gelatinous amorphous substance of sugar and proteins (glycoproteins and proteoglycans) that is
observed between the fibres and between the cells. It provides support to the dermis and has an
extraordinary capacity to store water. Moreover, it facilitates the passage of nutrients, hormones, and
other molecules through the dermis [72, 73].
Fibroblasts, the major cell type of the dermis, produce and maintain most of the ECM proteins.
Indeed, they produce collagen, elastic fibres, and glycosaminoglycan [93]. The dermal fibroblasts
are differentiated from the mesenchymal cells and appear as thin spindle–shaped cells. The dermis
includes other types of cell such histiocytes, mast cells and dermal dendritic cells. Histiocytes are
star–shaped cells with a small

Summary: Surprising Facts You Didn T Know About Your Skin
8 Surprising Facts You Didn't Know About Your Skin
Introduction
The skin is in charge of safeguarding our inner organs and it also performs several functions that
help us to maintain a healthy life. But there is much more to know about skin that are not commonly
known, some of which can even be surprising.
The Skin
The human skin is the outer covering of the body.
It has several layers of tissue and shields the muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs that lie
beneath.
Because it borders with the environment, skin plays a vital immunity function in defending the body
against bacteria and extreme loss of water.
The skin is also responsible for the feelings, lining, production of vitamin D, safeguarding vitamin B
folates and temperature control.
Surprising Facts
There is so much more to the skin than what people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Skin Renewal
Your skin renews itself. The skin sheds every day, ending up with a new layer of skin every 28 days.
Those dead skin cells can stay on the skin, and it may be necessary to remove them with an
exfoliator. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/christine–chang/help_3_b_9996774.html 6. Skin Healing
The skin heals itself. When the skin is severely damaged, the skin creates a scab to close the wound.
7. Home for Bacteria
Millions of harmless bacteria live on the skin which help immune cells fight microbes that cause
diseases.
8. Skin Warnings
Changes to the skin can be a sign that something is wrong in the body. Any unusual changes on the
skin may signal anything from an allergic reaction to a sign of skin cancer.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/21/skin–health_n_5606968.html These facts are just some
of the important features of the skin. Now that we know how important skin is to our health, we
should make sure that we give it the basic support it needs in terms of nutrition and caring.

Skin specialists are all around to provide skin integrity. Consult with them regarding skin care and
the prevention of skin

Summary: The Most Common Skin Disorders
In this assignment the writer is going to talk about what skin is and how important it is. The writer is
going talk about the two forms of layers and how they function. The writer will then go onto
explaining one of the most common skin disorders and say what it is, the symptoms, how to prevent
it and what can happen if not treated straight away. Finally the evaluation will briefly sum up what I
have written.
When a baby is born their skin is covered in a substance that is thick and greasy which moistures the
baby's skin as well as preventing heat loss from the baby's skin. This thick and greasy substance is
called vernix (Glasper, 2007). A baby that is born after its due date may have higher chance of
infection, as its skin is likely to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A bacterial infection or the baby's skin not being dried properly after a bath can cause a nappy rash
(WebMD boots, 2015). If nappies are not changed it can produce a build–up of an alkaline called
ammonia which can cause ammoniacal dermatitis (Moules and Ramsay, 1998). There are many
obvious signs of a nappy rash which include the nappy area being sore with red, raw spots and some
of the areas may be raised or swollen (Valman, 1997). The most common way to avoid nappy rash is
to change diapers regularly or try a different brand of diaper (Paulaschoice.com, 2015). When
changing a baby's nappy use cotton wool rather than baby wipes to clean the skin and it is important
to clean inside the folds of the skin as this will avoid further irritation. Babies get nappy rashes
frequently as they wear their nappy all the time; however this can be avoided by allowing the baby
lie on the changing mat without wearing a nappy for a while (Nhs.uk, 2015). After patting the skin
dry apply ointments such as zinc, castor oil or Vaseline that will act as a barrier and soften the skin.
To prevent the skin rash it is better to use ointments than creams and lotions as they provide a better
moisture barrier (Morris, 2015). It is important to treat a nappy rash as soon as possible as it can
lead to further infection. If there is no improvement of the rash an infection called Candida albicans
should be looked into. A child that is taking antibiotics is more prone to the yeast infection as the
antibiotics kill the good bacteria in the body that keeps the yeast in check. This begins as small red
spots that increase and form into a big red blotch. Pus–filled pimples and a yellow rash can be
caused by another serious infection known as bacterial infection (rash, 2015). If the rash is severe
and disturbing the infant then the

Elastin Research Paper
The skin is the body's greatest organ, and it serves as a guarding deterrent. Its wellbeing and surface
appearance are controlled by common components and furthermore the limit of the parts that
incorporate the layers underneath
EPIDERMIS is the External layer of skin that demonstrations as an obstruction between the body
and the earth. Stratum corneum, highest layer, is made up of corneocytes (level, dead skin cells)
shaping skin's hindrance. Basal layer, lowest part layer, is the place color is delivered.
The center layer of the skin, DERMIS, lodging nerves, organs, fundamental proteins, chemicals, and
platelets, making it the skin's "operations" focus. Contains collagen and elastin which give help and
structure to skin.
HYPODERMIS Lies beneath the epidermis and dermis and embodied fundamentally of fat, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This oil, or sebum, greases up and waterproofs the skin and hair. Sebaceous organs are available all
over with the exception of the palms and soles of the feet.
ELASTIN is a vital protein that gives skin the capability to "bob once again" in the wake of
extending. The breakdown of elastin prompts hanging skin. Sun presentation and rehashed outward
appearances harm elastin.
COLLAGEN A vital protein that gives backing to skin and provides for it structure. It is one of the
"building pieces" of skin's establishment. The breakdown of collagen prompts almost negligible
differences and wrinkles. Sun introduction is the most obvious reason for collagen harm.
DERMAL EPIDERMAL JUNCTION known as the DEJ associate the dermis and epidermis. The
DEJ is home to a system of veins that pass supplements from the dermis to the epidermis. The DEJ
diminishes with age, making the skin more inclined to hanging
SEBUM this oil–overviewed substance is delivered by the sebaceous organs. Sebum helps
waterproof the skin. Sebum structures a film on skin that keeps water in and aggravations

Anatomy Quiz
Anatomy Quiz #2
Chrisheena Wills
1. The layers of the epidermis from deep to most superficial are the stratum basale, stratum
spinosum, stratum grandulosum, stratum lacidum, and the stratum corneum. Each of these layers are
unique due to the type of cells located in them which they are named after. They all together make
up the epidermis, an avascular, superficial, and made up of epithelial cells.
a. The stratum basale is the basal layer of the epidermis. It is the basement layer of the epidermis,
the deepest layer. This is a single layer of keratinocytes that are rapidly dividing. About of quarter of
the melanocytes that are found in this layer branch through stratum spinosum.
b. The stratum spinosum is also known as the prickly layer. It is superficial to the stratum basale.
This is many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The epidermis is made of melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans' cells.
a. The melanocytes synthesize melanin (dark brown/reddish pigment). They are in the deepest layer
of the epidermis, the stratum basale. The melanocytes are located on the superficial part of the
nucleus of the keratinocytes. The help protect the keratinocytes and the rest of the cells by shielding
and absorbing the UV radiation, forming the color. For those who have darker skin there is more
melanin produced from these melanocytes. The melanosomes (granules) which are transported
along the actin filaments is where the melanin accumulates.
i.
b. Merkel cells are those located in the epidermal/dermal junctions. They are the cells that branch
out into the dermis and connected to sensory neurons. They are the touch receptors located in the
deeper in the dermal layer of the skin.
i.
c. Langerhan's cells are macrophages that activate immune response. The immune system is
activated through the epidermis from the bone marrow. The langerhan's cells branch out and form a
network around the keratinocytes. They are found in abundance in the stratum spinosum, but found
in other parts of the epidermis.

Cryotherapy Research Paper

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