BASIC AND BEST PPT ON LANGUAGES INCLUDING BASIC OVERVIEW OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

1. INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER
LANGUAGES
By :-
NAUMAN MANSURI (17TMPA 039)

2. WHAT ARE COMPUTER LANGUAGES?
o Computer language is language which consists of
set of instructions given to a computer.
o This instructions include logical steps which are
arranged in a specific manner to get desired output.

3. TYPES OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES:
 There are mainly two types of computer languages
:-
1. Low level languages .
2. High level languages.

4. LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES
 Low level languages are languages in the form of
binary numbers (0 and 1) or language close to it.
 There are two types of low level language:-
1. Machine language.
2. Assembly language.

5. MACHINE LANGUAGES
 It is lowest and most elementry language. it is only in the
form of binary digits i.e. machine code.
 The set of binary codes which can be recognize by the
computer is known as the machine code.
 Advantages:-
1. It makes fast and efficient use of the computer
2. It requires no translator to translate the code i.e.
directly understood by the computer.
 Disadvantages:-
1. All operation codes have to be remembered
2. All memory addresses have to be remembered
3. It is hard to amend or find errors in a program written
in the machine language
4. These languages are machine dependent .

6. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
 It is written in form of mnemonic codes.
 It is also known as ‘symbolic programming language’.
 Advantages:-
 It is easier to understand and use as compared to machine
language.
 It is easy to locate and correct errors.
 It is modified easily.
 Disadvantages:-
 Like machine language it is also machine dependent.
 Since it is machine dependent, there programmer should have
the knowledge of he hardware also.

8. HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES:-
 These languages includes english words and
mathematical symbols instead of using mnemonic
codes .
 Types of high level languages:-
1. Algebric formula type processing.
2. Business data type processing.
3. String and list processing.
4. Multipurpose language.
5. Simulation.

10.  Algebraic Formula-Type Processing. These languages are
oriented towards the computational procedures for solving
mathematical and statistical problems. Examples are
 BASIC (Basic All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
 FORTRAN (Formula Translation).
 PL/1 (Programming Language, Version 1).
 ALGOL (Algorithmic Language).
 APL (A Programming Language).
 Business Data Processing. These languages emphasize
their capabilities for maintaining data processing procedures
and files handling problems. Examples are:
 COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)
 RPG (Report Program Generator).

11.  String and List Processing. These are used for string
manipulation including search for patterns, inserting and
deleting characters. Examples are: LISP (List Processing).
 Multipurpose Language. A general purpose language used
for algebraic procedures, data and string processing.
Examples are:
1. Pascal .
2. PL/1 (Programming Language, version 1).
3. C language.
 Simulation: These may be written in algebraic or
multipurpose languages. Examples are:
1. SPSS (Statistical Package System Simulator).
2. GPSS (General Purpose System Simulator)

12.  Advantages:-
 User-friendly (people based).
 Similar to English with vocabulary of words awl symbols
therefore it is easier to learn.
 They require less time to write and maintain.
 Problem oriented' rather than 'machine' based
 Shorter than their low-level equivalents.
 It is independent of the machine
 Disadvantages:
 A high-level language has to be translated into the -machine
language by a translator and thus a price in computer time is
paid.
 The object code generated by a translator might be inefficient
compared to an equivalent assembly language program.