Final review ppt on sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS) monitoring

1. Guided By:
Ms R.Aruna Devi M.E
AP/ECE
A SMART BABY WATCH FOR
MONITORING SUDDEN INFANT
DEATH SYNDROME
Presented By:
T.Abinaya (953513106002)
S.Athulya (953513106010)
RM.Naatchammai (953513106039)
R. Sindhuja (953513106068)

2. ABSTRACT
 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is one of the major cause of death among during
their sleep .To increase the safety of infants we are going to develop a Baby Night
Watch.
 This Smart Wearable System (SWS), developed under the context of the European
(TIIC) 2015 is composed by a Wearable IoT device, a Gateway and the H Medical
Interface. The Wearable IoT device is a wireless sensor node , it has the capacity to
monitor body temperature , heart and breathing rates and body positions. After data
processing it is sent to the Gateway via ZigBee technology and it is accessible
through H-Medical Interface. If any critical event occurs the device triggers an
alarm and sends a distress message to a mobile application.

3. LITERATURE SURVEY
TITLE AUTHOR NAME YEAR DISADVANTAGES
An Infant Monitoring
System using CO2
sensors.
HungCao April 2007 False Alarms and
desensitize
caregivers
Simple Predictions-
Based Power Control
for the On-Body
Area Communication
Channels.
David B.Smith 2011 Suitable only for
baseline method and
not for enhanced
method
Real Time Infant
monitoring by
Developing an
Embedded device for
incubator.
Kranti A Dive October 2013 Monitor externally
not internal
parameters
Infant Monitoring
using
Jaikumar Ambekar November 2015 Poses security issues
like hacking.

4. TITLE AUTHOR NAME YEAR DISADVANTAGES
A Report on the Top
10 CS Forum.
Jianhua Ma December 2015 Difficult for single
person to identify the
challenges in smart
world.
Wi Breathe :
Estimating respiration
rate using wireless
signals in nature
settings in the home.
Ruth Ravichandran 2015 Poor respiratory rate
and severe disruptions
in the signal strength.
Wearable sensors for
animal health
monitoring using
ZigBee.
Athira Vijayan August 2016 Two ZigBee model is
used.
Unlicensed frequency
band is used.
Development of
respiratory monitor
using smart phone via
bluetooth for bed
ridden elderly or
patients.
Z.Zakaria October 2016 Only small no. of
subject used for
testing .

5. SIDS
 “Sudden death of an infant or young child, which is unexpected ”
 A thorough post mortem examination fails to demonstrate an adequate cause
of death.
 Japan has the lowest reported SIDS rate
(0.09 case per 1000 infants)
 New Zealand has the highest rate
(0.80 per 1000)
 United States has an intermediate rate
(0.57 per 1000).

6. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Micro
controller
Temperature
sensor
Power supply
Heart beat
sensor
Accelerometer
sensor
Zigbee

7. PIC16F877A
 Heart of the system with clock circuit and power reset circuit.
 Purpose of the microcontroller is to control the speed of the DC shunt motor
according to the load.
 It reads voltage output and produces the digital output .
 There are three memory blocks in each.
 PROGRAM MEMORY
 DATA MEMORY
 DATA EEPROM &FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY

8. PROGRAMMING PIC 16F877A
 Step1: Install MPLAB
 Step2: Install PIC C Compiler
 Step3: Install ICPROG Flash Programmer
 Step4: Write C programs with Example codes as reference
 Step5: Create Hex file to load into the µC
Fig :Programming of PIC16F877A

9. POWER SUPPLY
 The operations are operated in 5V and 12V.
 Use 230V/12V potential transformer and 7805 regulator for 5V.
 Consists of bridge rectifier, ripple filter, regulator and line filter.
 Bridge rectifier is constructed using 1N4007 diode.
 Ripple filter is build around 1000uF/25V.
 Designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage
supply for electronics circuits and other devices

10. 5V REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
• Transformer - steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC.
• Rectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying.
• Smoothing - smooth the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple.
• Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage.
Fig : 5V RPS BLOCK DIAGRAM

11. TEMPERATURE SENSOR
 Measure the amount of heat energy or even coldness that is
generated by an object or system.
 Detect any physical change to that temperature producing
either an analogue or digital output.
 types of temperature sensor vary from simple ON/OFF
thermostatic devices

12. TYPES OF TEMPERATURE SENSOR
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
CONTACT
ELECTROMECHANICAL
THERMOSTAT
RESISTIVE
THERMISTOR
ELECTRON
IC
NON-
CONTACT

13. CONTACT TYPE
 Physical contact with the object being sensed
 Use conduction to monitor changes in temperature
 Used to detect solids, liquids or gases over a wide range of temperatures.
 Three groups of sensors
 Electro-mechanical,
 Resistive
 Electronic

14. NON-CONTACT TYPE
 Use convection and radiation to monitor changes in temperature
 Used to detect liquids and gases that emit radiant energy as heat rises and cold
settles to the bottom in convection currents or detect the radiant energy being
transmitted from an object in the form of infra-red radiation (the sun).
 Three groups of sensors
 Electro-mechanical,
 Resistive
 Electronic

15. THERMOSTAT
 A contact type electro-mechanical temperature sensor or switch.
 Consists of two different metals such as nickel, copper, tungsten or aluminum etc.,
bonded together to form a Bi-metallic strip.
 When it gets hot, one metal expands more than the other and the bonded bi-
metallic strip bends up (or down) opening the contacts preventing the current from
flowing.
 Snap-action type thermostats are commonly used in our homes for controlling the
temperature set point of ovens, irons, immersion hot water tanks
 Creeper types generally consist of a bi-metallic coil or spiral that slowly unwinds
or coils-up as the temperature changes

16. THERMISTOR
 Made from ceramic materials
 Negative Temperature Coefficient of resistance -their resistance value goes
DOWN with an increase in the temperature.
 Positive Temperature Coefficient-their resistance value goes UP with an
increase in temperature.
 Rated by their resistive value at room temperature.
 passive resistive devices
Fig
:Thermistor

17. MEASURING HEARTBEAT
 Heart contracting or expanding of heart valves is called heart beat.
 Two Ways to Measure a Heartbeat,
 Checked manually by checking one’s pulses at two locations- wrist (the radial
pulse) and the neck (carotid pulse).
 Measured based on optical power variation as light is scattered or absorbed
during its path through the blood as the heart beat changes

18. HEARTBEAT SENSOR
 Heartbeat sensor consists of a light emitting diode and a detector
 The heart beat pulses causes a variation in the flow of blood to different regions
of the body.
 The amount of light absorbed depends on the blood volume in that tissue.
 The detector output is in form of electrical signal and is proportional to the heart
beat rate.
 The digital pulses are given to a microcontroller for calculating the heat beat
rate, given by the formula-
BPM(Beats per minute) = 60*f Where f is the pulse frequency

19. PRACTICAL HEART RATE SENSOR
 Consists of an infrared led and an LDR embedded onto a clip like structure.
 Clip is attached to the organ (earlobe or the finger) with the detector part on the
flesh.
 A basic Heartbeat Sensor system can also be built using basic components like a
LDR, comparator, IC LM358 and a Microcontroller
Fig : Heartbeat Sensor system

20. HEARTBEAT SENSOR SYSTEM
 Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) is used as a light detector
 A comparator is used which compares the output voltage from the LDR
to that of the threshold voltage.
 The output is a series of pulses
 Pulses can be fed to the Microcontroller which accordingly processes
the information to get the heart beat rate and this is displayed on the
Display interfaced to the Microcontroller.

21. ACCELEROMETER
 Most common inertial sensors
 Measure acceleration in one, two, or three orthogonal axes
 They are typically use three modes:
 As an inertial measurement of velocity and position;
 As a sensor of inclination, tilt, or orientation in 2 or 3 dimensions, as
referenced from the acceleration of gravity
 As a vibration or impact (shock) sensor.

22. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
 Micro-Electro-Mechanical Sensors
 the displacement of a small proof mass etched into the silicon surface of the
integrated circuit and suspended by small beams.
 Consistent with Newton's second law of motion (F = ma)
 an acceleration is applied to the device, a force develops which displaces the
mass
 a second order lumped physical system source of the limited operational
bandwidth and non-uniform frequency response of accelerometers.

23. SPECIFICATIONS
 Analog/digital
 Number of axes
 Output range (maximum swing)
 Sensitivity (voltage output per g)
 Dynamic range
 Bandwidth
 Amplitude stability
 Mass
 Other specifications include Zero g offset ,Noise ,Temperature range, Bias
drift with temperature ,Sensitivity drift with temperature, Power consumption

24. OUTPUT OF
ACCELAROMETERS
 Acceleration is a result of the earth's gravitational pull.
 Common reference value - is ~9.8m/s^2.
 An accelerometer output value is a scalar
corresponding to the magnitude of the acceleration
vector.
 Detects velocity, position, shock, vibration, or the
acceleration of gravity to determine orientation.
 Highly accurate inexpensive sensors are available.

25. USES OF ACCELAROMETERS
 A system consisting of two orthogonal sensors is
capable of sensing pitch and roll. This is useful in
capturing head movements. A third orthogonal sensor
can be added to the network to obtain orientation in
three dimensional space. This is appropriate for the
detection of pen angles
Location Usage Frequency Acceleration
Head Tilt 0-8 Hz xx
Hand , Wrist, Finger Cont. 8-12 Hz 0.04-1.0 g
Hand, Arm, Upper Body Cont. 0-12 Hz 0.5-9.0 g
Foot, Leg Cont. 0-12 Hz 0.2-6.6 g

26. ZIGBEE
 Low-cost and low-power consumption .
 Makes suited for several embedded applications.
 Specially built for control and sensor networks on IEEE 802.15.4
 Product from ZigBee alliance.
 Defines physical and Media Access Control (MAC) layers to handle many
devices at low-data rates.
 Operate at 868 MHz, 902-928MHz and 2.4 GHz frequencies.
 Date rate of 250 kbps is best suited for transmission of data between sensors
and controllers.

27. ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY
 Widely deployed for controlling and monitoring applications
 It covers 10-100 meters within the range.
 Simpler than the other proprietary short-range
 Supports different network configurations
 Operated in different modes
 result the battery power is conserved
Fig : Zigbee Modem

28. APPLICATIONS OF ZIGBEE
TECHNOLOGY
 Industrial Automation
 Home Automation
 Smart Metering
 Smart Grid monitoring
Fig : Applications of Zigbee Technology

29. ADVANTAGES
 Powerful Medical Tool to understand the SIDS.
 Reliable monitor of Infants.
 Less Expensive.
 User friendly
 Easily supported by ZigBee.

30. CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK
 Capable of detecting unexpected events
 Register several physiological parameters
 With a small amount of hardware a huge number of parameters can be
measured
 Improve the users experience and safety of the infant.
 Data rate produced by the wearable iot device is in the order of 35 bytes per
minute, easily supported by zigbee.
 Placing the cloud storage center into a webserver
 Allowing the users to retrieve information without having to be connected to
the gateway

31. TIME CHART
REVIEW CONTENT PROCESS
1 Project Modules and
Requirement analysis.
Jan 27 to Feb 10
2 Heart rate and Infant Position. Feb 11 to Feb 20
3 Breathing Rate and Body
Temperature.
Feb 21 to Mar 10
4 Project Submission. Mar 31