Final ExaminationGED 130 Introduction to Civilization1.docx

Final Examination
GED 130 Introduction to Civilization
1
1) Which of the following statements about the Enuma Elish is
NOT true?
A) It probably dates to about 2000 B.C.E..
B) A rebelling god and goddess were destroyed by Marduk.
C) Humans were created by the gods out of earth and water.
D) It is the creation myth of the people of Akkad.
2) In the mid-1700s, the more astute natural scientists:
A) had questioned the idea that all plant and animal species had
been sepa-
rately created.
B) had provided a substantial body of evidence that the Earth
was many mil-
lions of years old.
C) had proved the biblical account of creation.
D) had developed the genetic theory of mutation transmission.
3) Charles Darwin:
A) argued that teleology was an integral part of all life.
B) refused to acknowledge that Alfred Russel Wallace had any
useful ideas
on evolution.
C) acknowledged that there was a “Creator”.

D) based his ideas on evolution on data he gathered while
traveling in south-
east Asia.
4) The remains of Homo sapiens have been found throughout:
A) Java.
B) Australia.
C) Eurasia.
D) Africa.
5) Homo first used fire about the year:
A) 5 million B.P.
B) 1 million B.P.
C) 30,000 B.P.
D) 200,000 B.P.
6) Homo sapiens:
A) was a tool user.
B) had the smallest brain capacity of any hominid yet
discovered.
C) were first discovered in fossils in the late seventeenth
century.
D) means “man with developed brain”.
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed
answer sheet)
2
Final Examination

GED 130 Introduciton to Civilization
7) Most archaeologists and paleoanthropologists believe:
A) Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens only on the
African continent.
B) Homo erectus first appeared in Africa.
C) Homo erectus first appeared in western Europe.
D) Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens in several regions.
8) Which of the following events in evolutionary history
happened first?
A) first birds
B) first amphibians
C) first dinosaurs
D) first reptiles
9) Which of the following is NOT a reason put forth in the text
for the disap-
pearance of Neanderthals?
A) Neanderthals interbred with Homo sapiens sapiens.
B) Homo sapiens sapiens destroyed the Neanderthals through
violence.
C) Homo sapiens sapiens out-competed Neanderthals for
resources.
D) Neanderthals warred with each other and drove themselves
to extinction.
10) Linguist Noam Chomsky argues that the ability to use
language is:
A) genetic.
B) learned from the environment.
C) learned from parents.

D) a gift of the gods.
11) The “Venus” figurine pictured in the text:
A) was made between 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.
B) is probably a fertility charm.
C) indicates that the people of that era were on a near-
starvation diet.
D) was found in southern Africa.
12) Which of the following stages of human development
happened first?
A) rapid brain growth
B) human migrations to America
C) development of speech
D) domestication of animals
Final Examination
3
13) The first animals to be domesticated in the “Fertile
Crescent” were:
A) goats and sheep.
B) dogs.
C) llamas and turkeys.
D) pigs and cattle.
14) Which of the following empires was organized first?

A) Persian
B) Assyrian
C) Neo-Babylonian
D) Hittite
15) The Bronze Age:
A) occurred before there were written records.
B) was a time of significant technological breakthroughs.
C) preceded the Paleolithic Age.
D) was a time when little of relevance occurred.
16) The world’s first system of writing evolved in:
A) southeast Asia.
B) the Indus Valley.
C) Khmer.
D) Sumer.
17) The Sumerians were finally conquered by:
A) Nefertiti of Egypt.
B) Hammurabi of Babylon.
C) Alexander the Great of Macedon.
D) Sargon of Akkad.
18) Although the Sumerians did not speak Semitic, their use of
Semitic names
suggests:
A) they had been ruled at one time by a Semitic-speaking
people.
B) Semitic-speaking people may have preceded them in the
area.
C) their language had evolved from Semitic.
D) that they had migrated from a Semitic speaking region.

19) Which of the following is NOT a Sumerian city-state?
A) Akkad
B) Kish
C) Uruk
D) Lagash
4
Final Examination
20) The city-states of Mesopotamia were especially vulnerable
due to:
A) inter-urban warfare.
B) their lack of organized armies.
C) inability to grow enough food to adequately feed their
populations.
D) powerful external enemies.
21) In Sumerian times, the idea of legal identity and loyalty was
based most
fundamentally on:
A) clan.
B) religion.
C) class.
D) geography.
22) Of the following, which has given us the best idea of
important Sumerian

values?
A) royal correspondence
B) lamentations
C) king lists
D) epics
23) This people invented writing:
A) Babylonians
B) Akkadians
C) Sumerians
D) Egyptians
24) Scholars know the least about this civilization:
A) Nile valley
B) Greek city-states
C) Indus valley
D) Tigris-Euphrates valley
25) Egyptians wrote on paper made from:
A) linen.
B) papyrus pith.
C) cotton.
D) limestone flakes.
Final Examination
5

26) The earliest known writing samples were concerned
primarily with:
A) the activities of royalty.
B) commerce.
C) law codes.
D) religious practices.
27) In ancient Egypt:
A) most pyramids were located near the fifth cataract.
B) Nubia was to the south.
C) the Red Sea was to the north.
D) Upper Egypt was to the north.
28) Horus:
A) was the father of Osiris.
B) represented the southern portion of Egypt.
C) ruled the underworld.
D) became the main god of the pharaohs.
29) Akhetaten:
A) was the site of worship of the sun god Aten.
B) was built by the pharaoh Ramses II.
C) was used as a capital for nearly 800 years.
D) is considered the best representative of the typical Egyptian
city of its
day.
30) The art and craftwork of the Indus Valley indicates:
A) they were a nomadic people.
B) that the civilization was not very well developed.

C) they did not possess metallurgical skills.
D) they participated in active interregional trade.
31) The settlements of Harrapa and Mohenjo-Daro could each
accommodate:
A) about 10,000 residents.
B) about 40,000 residents.
C) about 2,500 residents.
D) about 25,000 residents.
6
Final Examination
32) Which of the following is NOT one of the four legacies of
Harappa described
in the text?
A) Aryan invaders nearly completely destroyed the Indus
valley civilization.
B) Aryan invaders adopted some of the Indus valley
agricultural techniques.
C) Aryan invaders adopted some of the settlement
characteristics of the
Indus valley civilization.
D) Aryan invaders may have adopted some religious ideas of
the Indus valley
civilization.
33) The Indus valley civilization:

A) made little use of agricultural practices.
B) built numerous temples and palaces.
C) began around 7000 B.C.E.
D) reached its apex around 1000 B.C.E.
34) Neolithic groups in China began the transition from hunting
and gathering to
farming and village life as early as:
A) 1700 B.C.E.
B) 8000 B.C.E.
C) 9000 B.C.E.
D) 2700 B.C.E.
35) Chinese oracle bones:
A) were usually made from human bones.
B) first came to the attention of scientists after they were found
at excava-
tion sites.
C) have been useful to archaeologists, anthropologists, and
historians for at
least three centuries.
D) have provided useful information about the rulers of the
Shang dynasty.
36) The Xia dynasty:
A) was ruled by a single king who controlled all the powers of
the state.
B) did not leave any significant archaeological sites, so little is
known about
it.
C) had rulers that engaged in rituals and divinations.
D) apparently did not make pottery.

Final Examination
7
37) Anyang:
A) is one of the most extensively investigated archaeological
sites in China.
B) was the last capital of the Zhou dynasty.
C) was the center of a small empire about 30 miles in diameter.
D) was mentioned in Shang texts, though it was referred to by a
different
name.
38) Early urbanization in South America:
A) was spurred by the high volume of trade with Mesoamerica.
B) followed a much different path than that typical in
Mesoamerica.
C) was not significant until about 500 C.E.
D) centered on religious shrines.
39) The Inca empire:
A) forbade any use of the religion or culture of its predecessor
states.
B) practiced monotheism.
C) lasted for nearly 1000 years.
D) built an extensive network of roads and paths.
40) The Popol Vuh contains the creation myth of the:

A) Roman Catholic conquistadores from Spain.
B) the Aztec civilization.
C) the Inca civilization.
D) the Mayan civilization.
41) Which of the following Central American civilizations was
the first to develop
sophisticated astronomy?
A) Mayan
B) Olmec
C) Teotihu
D) Aztec
42) Of the following African cities, which one is NOT believed
to have followed a
development pattern introduced from other cultures?
A) Kush
B) Aksum
C) Jenne-Jeno
D) Malindi
8
Final Examination
43) Jenne-Jeno:
A) was founded around 250 B.C.E.
B) was a settlement on the Yellow River.
C) did not appear to engage in trade.

D) was first excavated in the early twentieth century.
44) Imperial dominance:
A) requires the use of sheer power to enforce rule.
B) is another term for imperial hegemony.
C) has little effect on the likelihood of revolt by subjugated
peoples.
D) exists when rulers make no attempt to gain the allegiance of
conquered
peoples.
45) The Hittite empire was centered:
A) on the upper Nile.
B) in Anatolia.
C) in Palestine.
D) in Mesopotamia.
46) Which of the following was at different times controlled by
the Hittites and
by the Mitanni?
A) Harran
B) Tarsus
C) Babylon
D) Nineveh
47) The Greek city-state:
A) typically had populations exceeding 100,000.
B) was kept small by wars with the Persian empire.
C) usually centered on a single city.
D) had political powers analogous to that of a state within the
United States.

48) The Persian Empire:
A) reached its greatest geographical extent under Cyrus the
Great.
B) easily conquered the Scythians.
C) failed to defeat Greece at the battle of Marathon.
D) maintained itself through a balance of power among the
major Middle
East states.
Final Examination
9
49) Which of the following events occurred first?
A) the Battle of Marathon
B) the 2nd Peloponnesian War
C) the construction of the Acropolis
D) the burning of Persepolis
50) Alexander the Great:
A) never managed to conquer Egypt.
B) saw his empire slowly disintegrate during the last years of
his life.
C) forced conquered peoples to worship Greek gods and
goddesses.
D) typically ruled through local hierarchies.
51) Which of the following explains why Alexander failed to
carry his empire as

far as the Ganges in India?
A) He lacked the financial resources to accomplish the task.
B) His troops mutinied.
C) The Persian forces overwhelmed his troops.
D) He died before he could reach India.
52) Which of the following empires began as city-states?
A) Egyptian and Persian
B) Mesopotamian and Egyptian
C) Macedonian and Greek
D) Mesopotamian and Greek
53) The city of Rome was founded in approximately:
A) 753 B.C.E.
B) 241 B.C.E.
C) 509 B.C.E.
D) 405 B.C.E.
54) Carthage:
A) was eventually defeated by Rome, but was given an honored
place within
the empire.
B) had little military success when Hannibal invaded Italy.
C) lost all three Punic Wars.
D) lay nearly 800 miles away from Italy.
10
Final Examination

55) The Roman patron-client relationship:
A) defined a state of reciprocity between the weak and the
strong.
B) applied primarily to the business sector.
C) allowed for an approximate equality between people of
different classes.
D) led to the end of the role of the paterfamilias.
56) The triumvirate formed in 60 B.C.E. did NOT include this
man:
A) Crassus
B) Pompey
C) Tiberius
D) Julius Caesar
57) Rome’s armies:
A) required few male citizens to actually serve in it.
B) were often made up in part by men from conquered regions.
C) were paid for primarily by taxes on Roman citizens.
D) spent little time developing new technology.
58) The belief system of Rome:
A) prohibited paganism.
B) did not allow any holidays.
C) incorporated Christianity within a few decades of the death
of Jesus.
D) centered on the emperor as a god.
59) The Silk Road linked which of the following cities?

A) Sarapion and Asabon
B) Luoyang and Bactra
C) Antioch and Alexandria
D) Luoyang and Guangzhou
60) The fall of the Roman Empire:
A) did not occur, according to most historians, until the
Byzantine Empire
was destroyed in 1453.
B) was due primarily to the disrupting influence of
Christianity.
C) occurred despite solid leadership over the final 200 years.
D) was hastened by the actions of Germanic peoples.
Final Examination
11
61) Confucius:
A) felt that some people were born evil and could not be
changed.
B) was made a high ranking advisor to a Chinese leader.
C) lived during the period of the Warring States.
D) had little lasting impact on the conduct of government in
China.
62) Daoism:
A) was developed primarily to guide statesmen.
B) is quite similar to Confucianism.

C) presents a detailed set of formal rules to guide society.
D) stresses a closeness to the natural world.
63) The Mandate of Heaven:
A) could allow a dynasty to rule forever.
B) was a personal god worshipped by emperors.
C) showed it was pleased by creating natural disasters.
D) blessed moral rulers.
64) Over the course of the Han dynasty, this group rose to the
top of the social
and political hierarchy:
A) generals
B) priests
C) scholars
D) merchants
65) Regarding economic policy of the Han empire, it is true
that:
A) Confucians opposed military expansion in part because it
was so costly.
B) the empire had to make do with what it had when it was
founded, since
no new sources of wealth were discovered.
C) Emperor Wu cut taxes.
D) Han emperors refused to nationalize private enterprise.
66) The Tang dynasty:
A) made major changes in the policies of the previous dynasty.
B) abandoned the imperial examination system.
C) presided during a major flowering of Chinese poetry.
D) persecuted Buddhism.

12
Final Examination
67) Japan:
A) modeled its art on that of the southeast Asian islands.
B) accepted the cultural hegemony of China.
C) was careful to keep its borders closed to immigrants during
its early
years.
D) was conquered twice by China.
68) The Aryan peoples in India:
A) spoke a Semitic language.
B) first arrived in the Indus valley in 1000 B.C.E.
C) were expelled from the region by the Maurya dynasty.
D) formed political groupings called janapadas.
69) Which of the following was written first?
A) the Bhagavad-Gita
B) the Mahabharata and Ramayana
C) the Puranas
D) Sangam poetry
70) The Kushana:
A) were supporters of Buddhism.
B) invaded India just prior to the rule of the Mauryan family.

C) left no artifacts traceable to the time of their rule.
D) came from the Iranian plateau.
71) India’s “adivasis”:
A) usually live in the less-accessible areas.
B) have rarely been able to assert any independence.
C) farm some of India’s richest soil.
D) are well described in ancient historical records.
72) Funan:
A) controlled only a small area around the mouth of the
Mekong River.
B) encouraged Hinduism.
C) built Angkor Wat.
D) did not allow the influence of Buddhism into its territory.
Final Examination
13
73) Asoka’s empire:
A) was not described in known historical records until a find
about 100
years ago.
B) was overthrown by barbarian invasions from the north.
C) expelled many Hindus.
D) included the island of Sri Lanka.
74) The oldest religion still in practice is:

A) Hinduism.
B) Christianity.
C) Judaism.
D) Buddhism.
75) The caste system in India:
A) is officially sanctioned by the Rigveda.
B) has no relevance in the India of today.
C) does not provide for a soldier class.
D) officially provides for six castes.
76) The Puranas focus least on this:
A) stories of gods
B) stories of goddesses
C) the deep philosophical concepts of Hinduism
D) folk tales
77) Mahayana Buddhism:
A) never presented a serious challenge to Theravada Buddhism.
B) believed in the bodhisattva concept.
C) took its name from the Sanskrit term for “lesser vehicle”.
D) argued there was no heaven.
78) Hinduism and Buddhism were similar in all of the following
aspects, except:
A) the degree of respect they gave to brahmins.
B) their development of sacred languages.
C) their belief in reincarnation.
D) their place of origin.

14
Final Examination
79) The Buddhist center furthest from the site of Buddha’s
enlightenment is
located in:
A) Kandy
B) Bamiyan.
C) Kotabangun.
D) Edo.
80) Jesus’ most important commandment was to:
A) honor your father and mother.
B) love your neighbor.
C) give to the poor.
D) love God.
81) Paul:
A) opposed slavery in both principle and practice.
B) sought to subordinate women in the church.
C) was Jesus’ most devoted disciple in the years prior to Jesus’
death.
D) felt that married clergy were closer to God than single
clergy.
82) Which of the following Jewish groups stayed aloof from
politics and
preached that the end of the world was imminent?

A) Essenes
B) Sadducees
C) Pharisees
D) Zealots
83) Monasteries:
A) were, after the Council of Nicea, exclusively for men.
B) were often located in urban areas.
C) tended to be complex political organizations.
D) usually contained members who were celibate.
84) In the eighth century, the advance of Islam into Europe was:
A) most rapid in Scandinavia.
B) most rapid in Italy.
C) stopped in southern France by Charles Martel.
D) of little consequence for the Catholic Church.
Final Examination
15
85) Which of the following areas was NOT a major area of
strength for Roman
Catholicism in the year 1200?
A) France
B) Kievan Russia
C) Germany
D) Italy

86) Muslims begin their calendar with this event:
A) the birth of Muhammad.
B) the birth of Abraham.
C) the death of Muhammad.
D) the date Muhammad moved to Medina.
87) Abu Bakr:
A) ruled for nearly 30 years.
B) was a direct descendent of Muhammad.
C) was the first caliph.
D) refused to use force to keep recent converts faithful to
Islam.
88) The campaigns of Genghis Khan extended as far west as:
A) the Caucasus Mountains.
B) Kaifeng.
C) Ain Jalut.
D) Liegnitz.
89) Ibn Khaldun held all of the following views, except:
A) the only differences between Westerners and Easterners are
cultural, not
innate.
B) tensions between peoples is often related to class.
C) nomadic peoples tended to conquer urban peoples.
D) scholars are often the wisest rulers.
90) Use of the decimal system and the zero was first developed
by the:
A) Indians.
B) Greeks.

C) Arabs.
D) Turks.
16
Final Examination
91) Before 1500 C.E., the greatest part of the exchange
economy consisted of:
A) international trade.
B) local transactions.
C) long-distance transactions.
D) medium-distance transactions.
92) West African trade:
A) was conducted primarily by sailing ship.
B) was centered in Great Zimbabwe.
C) was dependent upon the camel to deliver goods to Europe.
D) is extensively documented for the period from about 200
C.E. to about
700 C.E.
93) After the ninth century, Arabs provided the main trading
link between East
Africa and:
A) West Africa.
B) the Indian Ocean.
C) the Europe.
D) the Americas.

94) The primary focus of Polynesian sailors was:
A) to establish an empire in the Pacific.
B) to establish a trade system throughout the Pacific.
C) to locate new places in which to settle.
D) to explore the Pacific Ocean.
95) The bubonic plague:
A) was spread primarily due to the activities of the Mongols.
B) never reached China.
C) had less effect in Europe than in other places where the
disease struck.
D) is transmitted by flies.
96) The Annales school of history:
A) was named for a Parisian cafaccent(e) frequented by French
historians:
the Cafaccent(e) des Annales.
B) published a journal edited by historians for historians.
C) was centered in the University of Paris.
D) emphasized an interdisciplinary approach to history.
Final Examination
17
97) In the high Middle Ages, most European Jews:
A) lived freely among Christians.

B) sought to return to ancient Israel and Judea.
C) were forbidden to loan money.
D) were often successful traders.
98) Prince Henry the Navigator established a center for the
study of navigation
in order to:
A) control the eastern coast of Africa.
B) end Muslim control of the southern shores of the
Mediterranean.
C) to study navigation and build ships.
D) discover new lands.
99) Which of the following explorers was the first to clearly
recognize that
Columbus had NOT discovered a route to Asia?
A) Vasco Nutilde(n)ez de Balboa
B) Vasco de Gama
C) Amerigo Vespucci
D) Bartolomeo Dias
100) The sea voyages of exploration and discovery:
A) were spearheaded by the prosperous Italian city-states.
B) began with Columbus’ discovery of America.
C) included the first round-the-world voyage by Ferdinand
Magellan in the
first half of the sixteenth century.
D) were financed in large part by the Ottoman Empire.

© Allyson Skene, UTSC Writing Centre; updated by Sheryl
Stevenson, 2012. Handout also available at
http://ctl.utsc.utoronto.ca/twc/webresources.
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the context, it need not be cited:
In Woman and the Demon, Nina Auerbach helps explain this
infusion of power and meaning into
women’s hair by pointing out “the totemistic aura parts of a
woman’s body acquire in disjunction from
the woman herself” (48).
Source: (Gitter 941). See the back of this sheet for the full
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If your reference list includes more than one work by the

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Eustacia Vye’s thick, dark hair is described as animate; her
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Works Cited.
A page of quotations in 1927 included the New York Times’s
characterization of transition as
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of Literature’s complaint that the
publication consisted of “onslaught and ravage upon the English
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Detroit News that “Gertrude Stein, living in France, has
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CITING PRINT PUBLICATIONS
Book:
Auerbach, Nina. Woman and the Demon. Cambridge: Harvard
UP, 1982. Print.
Hardy, Thomas. Jude the Obscure. 1895. New York: Penguin,
1978. Print.
---. The Return of the Native. 1878. Ed. James Gindin. New
York: Norton, 1969. Print.
An Essay, Story, Poem, Play, or Other Text in an Anthology:
Murray, Stuart. “Hollywood and the Fascination of Autism.”
Autism and Representation. Ed. Mark
Osteen. New York: Routledge, 2008. 244-55. Print.
A Source with No Identified Author:

“Books Received.” Life 13 Oct. 1927: 30. Print.
CITING WEB PUBLICATIONS
Journal Article in an Online Database:
Gitter, Elisabeth G. “The Power of Women’s Hair in the
Victorian Imagination.” PMLA 99.5 (1984):
936-54. JSTOR. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.
Leick, Karen. “Popular Modernism: Little Magazines and the
American Daily Press.” PMLA 123.1
(2008): 125-39. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 9
Sept. 2011.
Quint, David. “The Genealogy of the Novel from the Odyssey to
Don Quijote.” Comparative
Literature 59.1 (2007): 23-32. JSTOR. Web. 9 Sept. 2011.
Article Published in an Online Scholarly Journal:
Jirón-King, Shimberlee. “Thompson's and Acosta's
Collaborative Creation of the Gonzo Narrative
Style.” CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 10.1
(2008): n. pag. Web. 3 Aug. 2011.
Article from a Newspaper or Magazine:
Lederman, Marsha. “Orwell’s Dystopia Comes Alive in a
Haunting Production.” The Globe and Mail
28 Mar. 2011: R3. ProQuest. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.
Dictionary Definition:
"Panopticon." Oxford English Dictionary Online. Oxford UP,
Dec. 2011. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.

A Work on the Web That Has Appeared in Print:
Peacock, Molly. “A Favor of Love.” Cornucopia: New and
Selected Poems, 1975-2002. New York:
Norton, 2002. 19-20. Representative Poetry Online. U of
Toronto Libraries. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.
Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own. London: Hogarth,
1929. [email protected] U of Adelaide
Library. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.
Remember that correctness in details of citations will
demonstrate your effort and reliability as a scholar!
VPSA63H3 BUT WHY IS IT ART? | STUDIO | ARTS, CUlture,
and Media, UTSC | Fall 2015 | OUTLINE (Essay 1) HANDOUT
ESSAY 1 OUTLINE ASSIGNMENT
Make a 2 to 3 page single-spaced sentence outline using the
outline structure belowfor the following essay question:
Write an analytical essay that identifies, examines, and
evaluates three distinct approaches that artists have embraced to
respond to the significant changes of the twentieth century.
Which approaches would you argue have had the most
influential effect on the development of twentieth century art:
from the social function of art (the role art plays in society) to
the reconsideration of the artistic subject, the art object, and the
spectator? Make sure you provide context for the approaches
you identify by connecting them to specific cultural,
intellectual, political, or technological changes. Use relevant
key terms and material from the reading assignments and
artworks by different artists discussed in the courseas evidence
to support each argument.

What is a sentence outline and why should you bother taking the
time to make one?
A sentence outline is a table with short sentences listed in
point-form that helps you to organize the arguments and
evidence that you want to present in a piece of writing. Outlines
are important because:
1. Creating an outline helps you save time by seeing problems
with your paper before you’ve started writing.
2. An outline speeds up writing the first draft because you don’t
waste time pausing to remember what it was you wanted to say
next.
3. Following an outline keeps you from getting lost or off-track
when writing so your composition will be well organized.
4. An outline captures all of your ideas and information so
nothing will be lost or forgotten.*
What is an analytical essay?
In an analytical essay you are expected to both examine
information and evaluate it. Make sure you pay attention to the
differences between “consider,” “explain,” and “evaluate” in the
essay question. Consider opposing viewpoints and address them
to strengthen your own argument. Finally, focus on the quality
of your arguments, not the quantity. There may be dozens of
reasons that support your view; pick only the best.**
ACADEMIC CITATION FOR YOUR OUTLINE
Use MLA citation for your outline. Below is an example of how
to cite a quote with an in-text citation followed by an entry in
the Works Cited list at the conclusion of your outline or essay.
See
ctl.utsc.utoronto.ca/twc/sites/default/files/MLA_Citation_REV2
.pdf for details.
In-text citation Option 1: "Newman's work explores the
experience of looking..." (Harrison 32)

Option 2: In the chapter "Barnett Newman's Eve" Charles
Harrison explains that "Newman's work explores the experience
of looking..." (32)
Works Cited list entry Harrison, Charles. "Barnett Newman's
Eve." Frameworks for Modern Art. Ed. Jason Gaiger. New
Haven: Yale University Press, 2004. 105-149. Print.
TIP
· Approaches are: positions, theories, artistic strategies,
working methods...
ASSIGNMENT OBJECTIVES
· To help you break down and organize an argument into a
structure that can be used as the basis for an essay.
· To help you identify, examine, and evaluate material in the
readings, viewing assignments, and lectures that you will use in
Essay 1.
EVALUATION
· The essay question is addressed properly; a diverse range of
examples have been used to address the essay question; relevant
material from reading assignments have used as evidence to
support your arguments. (Approx. 12 marks)
· Proper grammar, clarity, and organization. (Approx. 3 marks)
· Grade: 15%
SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS (Incorrectly submitted files
will not be graded.)
· Go to the Coursework page for this course in Blackboard,
click on the Outline (Essay 1) link, and scroll down to the
submission area.
· Upload a Word file in either .doc or .docx format. Do not
submit TextEdit or PDF files, orcut and pastetext into the
submission field.
· Due: 06 OCT 2015, 9:00am. Submit this assignment on
Blackboard

OUTLINE STRUCTURE
Use this table format for your outline. Copy and paste this to a
new Word document.
Introduction: A paragraph that provides context for the reader to
understand what they are about to read.
Explanation in your own words.
Reading quotes that you will use as support.
Use MLA in-text citations for all of your outline quotes (see
explanation above)
1.
2.
1.
2.
Thesis: A sentence or short paragraph that explains clearly and
directly how you will answer the essay question.
Major point #1
1. A distinct approach embraced by artists to respond to the
significant changes of the twentieth century.
1.
2. Connection to a specific cultural, intellectual, political, or
technological change in the twentieth century.
2.

3. Description of the artwork you will use as an example and
why the artwork/artists' approach is relevant to your argument.
3.
4. Why the approach has had an influential effect on the
development of twentieth century art.
4.
5. A counter-argument for #4.
5.
Major point #2
Follow structure above.
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
Major point #3
Follow structure above.

1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
Works Cited (see explanation above)
*Source: "Developing an Outline." Jennifer Duncan. The
Writing Centre, UTSC: ctl.utsc.utoronto.ca/twc/webresources.
**Source: "Analytic Essay." Allyson Skene. The Writing
Centre, UTSC:
utsc.utoronto.ca/twc/sites/utsc.utoronto.ca.twc/files/resource-
files/AnalyticEssay.pdf
VPSA63H3 BUT WHY IS IT ART? | STUDIO | ARTS,
CULTURE, AND MEDIA, UTSC | FALL 2015 | PROF. WILL

KWAN | GRADING CODES
This list explains the codes that you may see on your graded
writing assignments. If you want further explanation please
come talk to
me during office hours.
ISSUES WITH GRAMMAR AND WRITING MECHANICS
SEN Poor sentence structure, confusing sentence, or sentence
fragment.
GRM Improper use of adjectives, adverbs, prepositions,
pronouns, subject/verb agreement, verb tenses, or irregular
verbs.
WC Poor word choice.
PUN Incorrect punctuation.
SP Incorrect spelling.
NP New paragraph.
ISSUES WITH CONTENT
GEN Avoid generalizations or clichés like this. Replace vague
words/statements with specific words/concise examples.
EXP This term or concept needs explanation.
TS Poor topic sentence. A topic sentence should introduce what
the paragraph is about.
OP This statement is out of place. It is unrelated to what you
are discussing in the rest of the paragraph.
CON This statement, paragraph, or section is confusing.
FAL Avoid logical fallacy. This statement is a circular
argument (restates the argument rather than actually proving it),
an
either/or conclusion (oversimplifies an argument by reducing it
to two sides or choices), an ad hominem (attack on the
character of a person rather than his or her opinions or
arguments), an ad populum (emotional appeal that speaks to
positive

or negative concepts rather than the real issues, or relies moral
equivalence (compares minor misdeeds with major
atrocities).
APL Use appropriate language. Avoid using slang or idiomatic
expressions in academic writing.
LPS Sentence lacks parallel structure.
CIT Citation needed.
WHY YOU SHOULD LEARN TO WRITE
The most important skills you can learn while you are at UTSC
are effective writing and communication skills. Your ability to
succeed in
a job or a field after you graduate will be affected by how well
you can present yourself and your thoughts through text and
language.
Take proactive steps to improve on these skills while you are
here.
WRITING SUPPORT RESOURCES
Purdue University has an excellent website that explains the
mechanics and structure of good writing in short and clear
summaries:
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/1/
Some of the learning resources/services offered at UTSC
include:
• The Writing Centre utsc.utoronto.ca/~ctl/twc/index.htm
• English Language Development
utsc.utoronto.ca/~ctl/eld/reading.html
• Centre for Teaching & Learning
utsc.utoronto.ca/~ctl/index.html

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