The document provides information about the anatomy of the heart. It describes the heart as pyramidal in shape with an apex, anterior surface, inferior surface, and base. It notes the location of the apex on the left side of the heart and the base on the right side. It also discusses the internal and external features of the heart, including the pericardium, surfaces, valves, and coronary arteries.

1. DR.MUSADDIQ KHAN DURRANI
Mbbs,MCPS®
‫ا‬َّ‫م‬
ٍۢ
‫ور‬ُ‫ط‬ُ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ٰ
‫ى‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫ل‬َ‫ه‬ َ‫ر‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ٱل‬ ِ‫ع‬ ِ‫ج‬ْ‫ٲر‬َ‫ف‬ ۖ ٍۢ
‫ت‬ُ‫و‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ِ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َّ‫ٱلر‬ ِ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ٰ
‫ى‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬
٣
َّ‫م‬ُ‫ث‬
ًۭ
‫ير‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ح‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ًۭ‫ئ‬ِ‫س‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬ ُ‫ر‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ٱل‬ َ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ت‬َّ‫َر‬‫ك‬ َ‫ر‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ٱل‬ ِ‫ع‬ ِ‫ج‬ْ‫ٱر‬
٤
You will never see any imperfection in the creation of the Most Compassionate.1 So
look again: do you see any flaws?
Then look again and again—your sight will return frustrated and weary.
-Surah Mulk 3-4

2.  MUSCULAR ORGAN/PUMP
 PYRAMIDAL SHAPE
 LIES IN PROTECTIVE
THORAX,POSTERIR TO STERNUM,
RESTS ON SUPERIOR SURFACE OF
DIAPHRAGM
 OBLIQUE POSITION IN THORAX
 2/3RD TO THE LEFT OF MIDLINE

3.  The Heart is somewhat pyramidal in shape, having:
 1. Apex
 2. Sterno-costal (anterior surface)
 3. Diaphragmatic (inferior surface)
 4. Base (posterior surface).
 The heart is shaped like a pyramid so it has a base and apex. But the base is not at
the bottom because the pyramid is inverted or upside down. So the heart doesn’t
sit on its base. It sits on the inferior or diaphragmatic surface.

6.  The narrow end of the heart is called the apex.
 It is directed downward and to the left and lie
just above the arch of the diaphragm at the
approximate level of the fifth or sixth rib.
 The broad end of the heart is called the base
and gives rise to the major blood vessels,
which is directed upwards and to the right
and lies at the approximate level of the
second rib.

7.  The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the
great vessels. Its function is to restrict excessive movements of the heart as a whole
and to serve as a lubricated container in which the different parts of the heart can
contract

8.  Directed downwards, forwards and to the left.
 it is formed by the left ventricle.
 lies at the level of left 5th intercostal space 3.5 inch from midline.

9.  The surface is formed mainly by the right atrium and the right ventricle.
 divided by coronary (atrio-ventricular) groove into
 :Atrial part, formed mainly by right atrium.
 Ventricular part, the right ⅔ is formed by right ventricle, while the left ⅓ is formed
by left ventricle. So, it is also formed of some of left ventricle
 The 2 ventricles are separated by Anterior interventricular groove,
 which lodges (contains or embedded in):
 Anterior interventricular artery (branch of left coronary).
 Great cardiac vein
 ● The coronary groove lodges the right coronary artery.

11.  Try Pulling My Aorta
 The Heart Valves
 Four valves regulate blood flow through your heart:
 The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right
ventricle.
 The pulmonary valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the
pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to your lungs to pick up oxygen.
 The mitral valve lets oxygen-rich blood from your lungs pass from the left atrium
into the left ventricle.
 The aortic valve opens the way for oxygen-rich blood to pass from the left ventricle
into the aorta, your body’s largest artery.

14.  Left main coronary artery carries 80% of the flow to the heart muscle. It is a short artery that divides into
two branches
 Left anterior descending artery that supplies anterior two-thirds of the inter-ventricular septum and
adjoining part of the left ventricular anterior wall
 Circumflex coronary artery that supplies blood to the lateral and posterior portions of the left ventricle.
 2. Right coronary artery: branches supply the right ventricle, right atrium, and left ventricle's inferior
wall.
 Left main coronary artery carries 80% of the flow to the heart muscle. It is a short artery that divides into
two branches
 Left anterior descending artery that supplies anterior two-thirds of the inter-ventricular septum and
adjoining part of the left ventricular anterior wall
 Circumflex coronary artery that supplies blood to the lateral and posterior portions of the left ventricle.
 2. Right coronary artery: branches supply the right ventricle, right atrium, and left ventricle's inferior
wall.