Ongoing, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health data. Surveillance and notification of communicable disease 1-Closely integrated with the timely dissemination to those who need to know. Application of the data to preventing and controlling disease. 2-Authoritative or urgent, formal or legal notice. The action of notifying someone or something. Something that gives official information to someone : the act of notifying someone. 3-Monitor closely to all patients. Collect patient’s data for clinical decision making. Monitor different diagnostic tests and lab investigations if needed. Implement interventions on patients and evaluate for the outcomes. To conduct researches nurse can collect data. To assess status of community and identify problems. To detect changes in health care practices . Administration of general and specific health survey. Participation in early diagnosis and treatment Identification and notification of certain specific diseases. Health education. 5-Crude birth rate Crude death rate Infant mortality rate Morbidity rate Perinatal mortality rate Maternal mortality rate Life expectancy General fertility rate

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2. 7/7/2018 2
Surveillance And
Notification Of
Communicable
Disease
MUBEEN ASLAM BUTT
BSCN 3
ZIAUDDIN UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF NURSING

3. In the end of presentation learners will be able to
learn:
o Define term surveillance and notification of
communicable disease.
o Discuss the principles of surveillance and
notification of communicable disease.
o Describe different types of surveillance and
notification of communicable disease.
o Describe difference between incidence and
prevalence of disease
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4. o Identify nurses role in surveillance and
notification of communicable disease.
o Define term health indicators.
o Discuss health indicators.
o summarization.
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5. o Ongoing, systematic collection, analysis and
interpretation of health data.
o Closely integrated with the timely dissemination to
those who need to know.
o Application of the data to preventing and
controlling disease.
(The world bank, 2006)
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6. o Authoritative or urgent, formal or legal notice.
o The action of notifying someone or something.
o Something that gives official information to someone :
the act of notifying someone.
o (Business Dictionary)
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7. o To monitor disease trends so that planning can be
adjusted to meet new situations.
o To identify, investigate and help to control outbreaks
or epidemics.
o To identify specific population groups at high risk of
illness or death from priority diseases.
o To evaluate the impact of preventive and curative
control activities on the incidence of priority diseases
in the community.
o To confirm current priorities among disease control
activities.
WHO,guide to monitor and evaluation ,2006)
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9.  A treatment plan that involves closely watching
a patient’s condition but not giving any
treatment unless there are changes in test
results that show the condition is getting worse.
 It may be used in the treatment of certain types
of cancer, such as prostate cancer, urethral
cancer, and melanoma.
 It is a type of expectant management.
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10. o This form of data collection, in which health-care
providers send reports to a health department and
are part of a reporting network
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11.  Incidence and prevalence
 List of severity (case-fatality ratio)
 Mortality rate
 premature mortality
 An index of lost productivity (bed-disability days)
 Medical costs
 Preventability
 Epidemic potential
 Information gaps on new diseases.
(WHO,2016)

12. o Incidence
Incidence is the rate of new cases of the disease.
It is generally reported as the number of new cases
occurring within a period of time.
o Prevalence
Prevalence is the proportion of people in a population
who have a particular disease at a specified point of
time, or over a specified period of time.
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13. Case fatality rate is proportion of cases that resulted
in death from disease.
Formula:
Case fatality rate = Number of Deaths X 100
Number of Cases
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14. Assume A Population Of 100000 People Of Whom
20 Are Sick With Lungs Cancer And 18 Die In 1
Year?
Fatality Rate=number Of Deaths X 100
Number Of Cases
18 X 100
20
90
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15. o The number of deaths per population.
o Mortality rate or death rate is a measure of the
number of deaths in a particular population,
scaled to the size of that population, per unit of
time.
Formula:
No. of deaths during a specific period x 100
No. of people at risk of dying during the same period
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16. Assume a population of 100000 of whom ,20 are
sick with disease X and in that year 18 die from
the disease X and total death from all causes is 36.
*36 out of 100000
No. of deaths during a specific period x 100
No. of people at risk of dying during the same period
18/36 x100
50%
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17. o Premature deaths are deaths that occur before a
person reaches an expected age .
o According to the latest WHO data published in
2015 life expectancy in Pakistan is: Male 65.5,
female 67.5
(THE WORLD: LIFE EXPECTANCY, 2016)
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18.  Statistics are presented on the number of days of
restricted activity and bed disability per person
per year.
For example:
Days lost from work per currently
employed person 16-64 years of age per year.
(National Health Survey Series 10, No. 158)

19. o The medical cost ratio is one indicator of the
insurer's financial health.
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20. o To anticipate or counter in advance.
o Surveillance can effectively lead to prevention.
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21.  A definition of the term "epidemic potential,"
which refers to the biological capacity of a
pathogen to cause disease in a particular
environment, is presented.

22.  An information gap task is a technique in
language teaching where researchers are
missing information necessary to complete a
task or solve a problem.

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Difference between
incidence and prevalence
of disease

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Incidence Prevalence
Incidence is the rate of new (or
newly diagnosed) cases of the
disease.
It is the total no. of existing cases(old
+new) in a defined population at a
particular point in time.
It is generally reported as the
number of new cases occurring
within a period of time (e.g., per
month, per year).
It is generally reported as the number
of new cases occurring within Period
prevalence and point prevalence .

26. At manor nursing home 10 new cases of klebsella
pneumonia occurred in January there were a total
of 17 cases of klebsella pneumonia.
 Incidence-10
 Prevelence-17
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27. o Monitor closely to all patients.
o Collect patient’s data for clinical decision making.
o Monitor different diagnostic tests and lab investigations
if needed.
o Implement interventions on patients and evaluate for
the outcomes.
o To conduct researches nurse can collect data.
o To assess status of community and identify problems.
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28. o To detect changes in health care practices .
o Administration of general and specific health
survey.
o Participation in early diagnosis and treatment
o Identification and notification of certain specific
diseases.
o Health education.
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29.  A health indicator is a characteristics of a
population or environment which can be use to
describe the aspect of health system and
population health.
(Wellness Dictionary)

30. Characteristics of Indicators
o Valid, i.e., They should actually measure what they are
supposed to measure.
o Reliable and objective, i.e., The answers should be the
same if measured by different people in similar
circumstances
o Feasible, i.e., They should have the ability to obtain data
needed.
o Relevant, i.e., They should contribute to the
understanding of the phenomenon of interest

31. o Crude birth rate
o Crude death rate
o Infant mortality rate
o Morbidity rate
o Perinatal mortality rate
o Maternal mortality rate
o Life expectancy
o General fertility rate
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33.  Leon Gordis, January(2008).Epidemiology. Forth Edition
 Adnan, Ahmad. Khan (2008) The HIV Epidemic In
Pakistan. Retrieved June 8, 2017 From Http;//Www.Com
 Communicable Disease Surveillance And Response System
(2006)
 HIV/AIDS In Pakistan. June (2005).WWW.World Bank.
Org /Pk
 Gorin, S. S. & Arnold, J. H. (2006). Surveillance And
Notification Of Communicable Disease: John Wiley & Sons.
 Https://Www.Youtube.Com,hiv Spread In Pakistan.
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