Community medicine - Health indicators - mortality indicators

1. MORTALITY INDICATORS(cont.)
SREEHARSHA.P
ROLL NO. 78
3rd year M.B.B.S

2. INDICATOR
Indicator or index is an indication of a given situation or a
reflection of that situation.
*Indicators help to measure the extent to which the
objectives and targets of a programme are being attained.
health
indicators
health status
indicators
health
determinant
indicators

3. CLASSIFICATION
• Mortality indicator *Health policy indicators
• Morbidity indicators *Indicators of quality of life
• Disability rates *Other indicators
• Nutritional indicators
• Health care delivery systems
• Utilization rates
• Social & mental health indicators
• Environmental indicators
• Socio-economic indicators

4. MORTALITY INDICATORS
1.UNDER 5 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY RATE
2.MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE
3.DISEASE SPECIFIC MORTALITY RATE
4.CASE FATALITY RATE

5. UNDER 5 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY RATE
• Defined as no.of deaths occuring in the under-5 age
group per 1000 live births.
• reflects both infant and child mortality
• rate accd. to world bank,2018 - 23 per 1000 live births.
• rate accd. to world bank,2019 - 34 per 1000 live births.
• Accd. to UNICEF report 2018, one child/young adolescent
died every 5 sec and the under 5 mortality of girls
exceeded that of boys.
• 5 countries - India, Nigeria , Pakistan, Congo , Ethiopia.

6. • India's NHP-->Target -
• 23 deaths/1000 livebirths for under 5 mortality by 2025
• 16 deaths/1000 livebirths for neonatal mortality by 2025
• 10 neonatal deaths/1000 livebirths by 2030

7. MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE
• Ratio of no. of deaths arising during pregnancy or
puerperal period per 100000 live births
• accounts for greatest no. of deaths among women of
reproductive age group in developing countries.
• current global MMR =211 deaths per 100000 livebirths
(reduced by 38% from 2000 to 2017)
*Accd. to SRS, MMR in india is 113 deaths per 100000
livebirths.(target -70/100000 lb by 2030 accd. to sustainable
devlp. goal.)(as per nhp - 100/100000 lb by 2020)

9. DISEASE SPECIFIC MORTALITY RATE
• It is a type of specific death rate where the analysis is planned
to throw light on specific disease.
• example - tuberculosis , cancer , accidents etc.
• specific death rate due to tuberculosis is calculated by no.of
deaths from tuberculosis during a calendar year x 1000 divided
by mid year population.

13. CASE FATALITY RATE
• Case fatality rate =
total no. of deaths due to a particular disease x 100
total no. of cases due to the same disease
*it represents the killing power of a disease
*used typically in acute infectious diseases like cholera,measles
etc.
*CFR if same disesase in may vary in different epidemics due to
changes in agent , host , and env. factors.
*case fatality is closely related to virulence.

14. EXAMPLE
*no. of covid cases in india as of 18 april,2021 = 1,47,88,109
*no. of deaths = 1,77,168
1,77,168 x 100
CFR = 1,47,88,109
= 1.2 %