The document outlines a hierarchy of different turbine types, showing that turbines can be classified as water turbines, steam turbines, gas turbines, or wind turbines. Water turbines are further broken down into impulse turbines like the Pelton wheel and reaction turbines like the Francis turbine. Steam turbines include extraction turbines and non-condensing turbines. Gas turbines include jet engines, turboprop engines, and aeroderivative gas turbines. Wind turbines include horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines.