A Psychodynamic Treatment Approach Essay

A Psychodynamic Treatment Approach Essay
Susanna would benefit most from a psychodynamic treatment approach, with a specific emphasis on
clarification, confrontation, and interpretation/transference interpretation. As highlighted by
McWilliams (1999), recurrent themes emerge within the therapy which constitute the client's
internal and external world. With this in mind, Susanna's internal object relations would
undoubtedly unfold in the relationship with the therapist. As Susanna evidences a lack of insight, it
will be the therapist's responsibility to clarify Susanna's experiences for her. In this view,
clarification refers to the reformulation of the patient's verbalizations to convey a more coherent
view of what is being communicated. The therapist may want to clarify what it was like in Susanna's
household growing up, and gather further information on Susanna's romantic relationships.
Clarifying sentiments might include "you stated that at times you felt loved by your mother, and
hated at other times, but overall do you feel that your mother loves you?" While this technique alone
will not lead to therapeutic change, it will be essential for helping Susanna develop a rapport with
the therapist, and establishing a therapeutic alliance. As borderline pathology is characterized by
negative affects, and impulsive, dangerous behavior, the therapist's ability to keep Susanna in
treatment will be essential. The therapist can do this by presenting him/herself non–judgmentally, as
well showing Susanna that s/he is
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Difference Between Psychodynamic Theory And Humanistic Theory
In order to practice effectively, social workers implement various theories in practice. Theories play
an important role in providing knowledge for generalist social workers. There is a total of four
different types of practice theories: psychodynamic theories, cognitive–behavioral theories,
humanistic theories, and postmodern theories. Each theory implements important ideas that are
applicable when meeting with a client. Two of the theories that have many similarities and
differences are psychodynamic theories and humanistic theories. To begin with, the psychodynamic
theory was first started by Sigmund Freud, a psychologist. He based the theory that traumas and
childhood experiences link to current issues. This theory has a strong emphasis ... Show more
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For example, the psychodynamic theory likes to look at defense mechanisms to see how people
behave. Defense mechanisms are the impulse reactions people have to stressful events that occur in
their life (Engard, 2017). In contrast, the humanistic theory researches the personality as a whole.
The theory does this by providing the what would make one achieve greatness, no matter the good
or bad a person has. For example, a humanistic therapy approach would be the therapist pointing out
the strengths and the positive qualities in a

Minor Breaches Within The Boundary
Minor breaches in boundary such as briefly touching the clients hands to show support when they
are very emotional is considered insignificant and can sometimes be beneficial to client, however,
major breaches such as regularly answering client's call outside of workplace is more severe, and
can be harmful to client's treatment (Williams and Swartz, 1998). Britzman and Pitt (1996)
described transference as impression of unresolved past conflict with others that is projected into the
new interaction and relationship. Usher (2013) suggested that transference occurs when the client
makes fabricated connection to the therapist. Freud proposed that transference occurs unconsciously
in two ways: Template is when the client attempts to categorises all their later relationship based on
the earlier relationship; and repetition compulsion is when the client replays traumatic past
relationship or situation (Kahn, 2003). For example, if a client has a critical mother, then, they will
categorise all women of certain age and characteristics to that template. And client sees the therapist
as the critical mother and repetition causes them to act in certain ways to get the reaction they want
from the therapist. Freud found that transference occurs everywhere, and it is not isolated to just
therapy setting.
Freud found that all types of transference was indispensable for the therapist in understanding their
client's unconscious memories or wishes and gaining insight

Systemic Psychodynamic Coaching in the Workplace
Systemic Psychodynamic Coaching in the Workplace: Workplace coaching is a term that refers to
the process of equipping people in the working environment with necessary tools, opportunities, and
knowledge for total development in order to enhance their effectiveness from an individual,
organizational, and work perspective. Workplace coaching has emerged as a major concept in
modern organizations since leaders, researchers, and organizations have identified it as a crucial
competency in leadership and management (Cacioppe, n.d.). The increase in this practice has also
been attributed to the fact that employees continue to request for coaching. As an important
competency in leadership and management, workplace coaching has assumed different perspectives
and approaches because of the existence of various coaching models such as Systemic
Psychodynamic Coaching model. The Concept of Workplace Coaching: As previously mentioned,
the concept of workplace coaching can be defined as the knowledge, skills, and processes through
which people engage themselves in making the maximum impact and continually developing
themselves and organizations in light of constant change. While this coaching process utilizes
similar communication processes with therapy or counseling, it is not the same as counseling or
therapy. The difference between the two is attributed to the fact that therapy focuses on resolution
and healing of the past while workplace coaching focuses on creativity, action,

Compare and contrast CBT and psychodynamic approaches to...
Compare and contrast CBT and psychodynamic approaches to counselling focusing particularly on
trauma and PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder): Theory and therapy. When working with clients
in today's society it's extremely important to take into consideration the specific needs of each
individual. Serious contemplation is given to the approaches and methods regarding the client's need
and presenting matters. Trauma appears in many forms in society, even from the 1960's due to the
impact on returning soldiers from war. Since this, trauma has been categorised and widely
researched leading to numerous theories. Psychotherapies were one of the first approaches to be
founded in the 1970's, which were the foundations to counselling ... Show more content on
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This treatment approach is based on cognitive and learning theories, tackling–misleading beliefs
related to the traumatic events of acknowledgments related to the abuse and provides a supportive
environment of which individuals are encouraged to talk about their traumatic experience. A
numerous amount of research has been carried out to investigate into how effective CBT really can
be for PTSD. (Resick et al, 2002) carried out an investigation comparing CBT with strong cognitive
restructuring focus and CBT with a strong exposure focus and to a waiting–list control of rape
survivors. Prior to this experiment approximately 80% of patients who completed either form of
CBT no longer met the criteria for PTSD. Once this investigation was complete a follow up
treatment took place of which it was noted 2% of the waiting list group had lost the PTSD
diagnoses. Only a year after this investigation Bryant, Moulds, Guthrie, Dang & Nixon, (2003)
restructured the experiment comparing exposure alone, exposure plus cognitive restructuring, and
supportive counselling in civilians with PTSD resulting from various traumatic events. At this
particular follow up 65–80% of participants who either completed either form of CBT were now
clear of PTSD diagnosis, compared to less than 40% of those who completed supportive
counselling.

Strengths And Weaknesses Of A Psychodynamic Approach To...
While psychodynamic and behavioural approaches are the two major approaches to personality, they
view personality from different perspective. Psychodynamic approach argues personality is caused
by forces in the unconscious but not learnt. Individuals have little control over their behaviour as it
is predetermined, and early childhood plays a crucial part in shaping one's personality. Behavioural
approach, on the other hand, recognizes personality as learnt and focuses only on present behaviour
matters. Given the differences, it has been argued whether, in terms of scientific merit,
psychodynamic or behavioural approach is more comprehensive. The strengths of psychodynamic
approach are consideration of childhood experiences and recognition of the unconscious part. On the
contrary, behavioural approach focuses on behaviour that can be scientifically measured and
verified, and recognizes the importance of external environment on personality. From the above
arguments, it is finally concluded, in term of methodology and testability, behavioural approach is
more comprehensive. Introduction The scientific merit of psychodynamic and behavioural
approaches to personality is quite different in terms of supporting whether personality is largely
inborn or learnt. The term "scientific merit" here is defined as the methodology employed and
testability of the approaches. On one hand, it has been argued psychodynamic approach relies too
heavily on unconscious mind whose existence is hard

Psychodynamic Counselling Overview Essay
Psychodynamic Counselling – Overview.
Psychodynamic counselling has a long history and vast literature to condense so only a brief
overview is possible here – following on from the themes already discussed and with particular
focus on four psychologists: Freud, Jung, Adler and Klein.
"The primary purpose of psychodynamic counselling is to help clients make sense of current
situations; of memories associated with present experience, some of which spring readily to mind,
others which may rise to consciousness as the counselling develops; and of the images that appear in
fantasies and dreams." (Jacobs)
In essence it is concerned with the presenting past, the use of the counselling relationship in terms of
its meaning for the client, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So it is possible to say "I don't like her behaviour" which is about a relationship in the external
world or to say "I don't feel like my usual self today" which suggests a relationship between two
parts of the self, the dynamic of the internal world.
Great importance is attached to past experiences and feelings. Aspects (objects) of the psyche
develop in parallel with external relationships in childhood, i.e., with mother and father. In addition,
the childhood perception of experiences, feelings and relationships may not match reality, so such
perceptions are significant.
Object relations theory
A third type of relationship is added to those of the outer and inner worlds, to non–human objects.
The activity is going on all the time, but is increased in some circumstances – in stressful and
anxious times, in dreams.
The Unconscious
Freud identified the unconscious, the preconscious and the conscious in terms of mental activity.
Within the unconscious are thoughts, experiences and feelings which are not easily accessible but
which have great influences on the current mental activity in the conscious. Memories, half
forgotten, but easy to access offer a route to the unconscious, thus belonging to the preconscious.
Feelings such as grief and anger can remain in the unconscious and remain unexperienced and
forgotten, that is, repressed; or

Psychodynamic Hypothesis In Social Work
Psychodynamic hypothesis, a hypothesis of identity started by Sigmund Freud (writing between the
1890s and the 1930s), has a long and complex history in social work. The youthful calling's want for
a logical base, Mary Richmond's decision on a therapeutic model to survey and treat customer
issues, and the wide effect of Freud's thoughts on the pop culture, added to the most noticeable part
of psychodynamic thought in the hypothesis base of social work (Germain, 1970; Greene and
Ephross, 1991). The hypothesis supporting psychodynamic therapy began in and is educated by
psychoanalytic hypothesis. There are four noteworthy schools of psychoanalytic hypothesis, each of
which has affected psychodynamic therapy. The four schools are: Freudian, Ego Psychology, Object
Relations, and Self Psychology. Freudian brain science depends on the hypotheses initially figured
by Sigmund Freud in the early piece of this century and is some of the time alluded to as the drive or
auxiliary model. The substance of Freud's hypothesis is that sexual and forceful energies starting in
the id (or oblivious) are regulated by the personality, which is an arrangement of capacities that
conservatives between the id and outer reality. Barrier components are developments of the sense of
self that work to limit torment and to keep up the mystic balance. The superego, shaped amid
inertness (between age 5 and adolescence), works to control id drives through blame (Messer and
Warren, 1995). Sense of self

The Perks Of Being A Wallflower
"We can't choose where we come from, but we can choose where we go from there." (Chobosky,
2012). This is told to Charlie by his psychiatrist in the movie "The Perks of Being a Wallflower". It
empowers Charlie to let go of the past, and gains the control over the life in the future. The movie is
like a mirror to reflect many things, emotions, and feelings of one person such as the struggles,
friendship, love, inferiority, eagerness of being a better person, and infinity. Charlie, the hero of this
movie, is an outsider of his high school. He is hoping to make friends since the first day of high
school after he was released by the mental hospital. But he can't find a way to get into other people's
social sphere. He gets bullied for being a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This exaggerated startle response when he feels threatens shows another sign of PTSD. He is
miserable of having these experiences and feelings. His "abnormalities" leads to the clinical
depression of him. Therefore, he's been hospitalized, and "damaged". Last year, his best friend has
committed the suicide. Charlie locks himself and sincerely believes himself of being a loser. He
can't protect his friend or anybody. He is fully isolated from the outside world. This could be the
reason why he loves to read and write. Even though the PTSD and depression put barriers on him to
make friends and blend into the social stream, he finds his passion for reading and writing, as well
as music. In addition, it gives him the chance to be connected with Mr. Anderson, his English
teacher, and Sam, his love. Charlie is mocked and bullied at school, and nobody wants to be friend
with him. He is counting down the days he has left since the first day of high school. He eats alone,
walks alone, and he is invisible. Even though, his family care about him and support him, he doesn't
share anything with them. Until he meets Mr. Anderson, his English teacher. He sees the potential in
Charlie, and encourages him to read and write, as well as participate in the outside world. Later on,
he becomes friend of Patrick and Sam. Sooner, he is introduced into their world, a group of people
of punks, film buffs, goths, music lovers, stoners, and writers. He goes to the party where he

Psychodynamic Abnormality
Abnormality can be portrayed as a misbehavior, disorder, depression, and dysfunction. With the
different types of abnormality models can very well describe what the individual is going through
and help that individual overcome the abnormality. With the correct treatment or therapy, the
abnormality can be cured for the moment or, it can be correctly cured for the rest of their lives. In
treatment or therapy there does not necessarily need to be medicine to treat the patient for many
reasons because, with the medicine it can have harmful effects on the person's body. My
abnormality model uses three different types of models to help cure patients of it abnormality
function such as biological, psychodynamic, and human existential. With these ... Show more
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The models are biological, psychodynamic, and human existential model all three have key
components that contributes but have to be in order. For example, I have an individual that is sixteen
years old named Mark and he is struggling with depression. First as a, therapists I would use the
biological model because it will help me find a starting point to the reason why it may have occurred
in this individual. Biological will help the therapist find maybe genetic connection to why this
abnormal behavior has been obtained. Second, the therapist should use the psychodynamic model to
look for the past experiences or interactions with such individuals such as mother or farther.
Psychodynamic will focus more on the forces such as the id, ego, and superego. Most likely it will
show that individual is having conflicts called fixation. Fixation is basically described as an error
between all three of the forces that causes the individual to struggle with great personality. Most
likely the id will show the therapists why individual is depressed this where the find that individual
may have been neglected by maybe the mother or farther. Third, the individual most go through the
first type of therapy in the psychodynamic known as free association and therapist interaction. Free
association will help the patient speak freely of thing that comes to mind and most likely them to

Psychodynamic Theories Of Psychology On The Subconscious Self
Psychodynamic theories of psychology focuses on the subconscious self, influencing behaviors of
an individual and are used to explain the development of mental illness and abnormalities. The basis
of psychodynamics is Sigmund Freud's theory in which he describes three states of mind vying for
their preferred goal: the Id concerned with obtaining pleasure, the Superego concerned with
upholding morality, and the Ego which uses reason to balance the desires of the two extremes. Freud
describes three levels of consciousness the conscious which is what ideas we always know about,
the preconscious which is ideas that we can make conscious, and the unconscious which is the ideas
that are underneath our understanding which may include suppressed memories of traumatic events.
He sees human motivation coming from a vague notion of instincts which include the life instinct
which drives people to stimulate themselves/survive and the death instinct which drives people to be
calm, serene, slipping into death. Freud gives great importance to human sexuality in his theories by
linking such dilemmas during the childhood stages of development of the "sex instinct" to mental
problems in adulthood in the form of subconscious ideas about the past influencing current actions.
He sees defense mechanisms in people's actions as an attempt to protect the person's view of self or
to protect from revealing something they don't want known, certain cues like forgetting what to say
reveal that there is

Case Study Essay
It is important when working with clients that consideration is given to the methods and approaches
used with regards to specific client's needs and personality as well as consideration regarding
presenting issues. Here a case study of Jane is used to argue /evaluate and assess how both a
psychodynamic counselor and cognitive behavioral therapist (CBT) would view the case study of
Jane from their perspectives. Consideration will be given from both a psychodynamic approach and
CBT approach of how a therapist might work with Jane. The main similarities and differences of
both the psychodynamic and CBT approaches will be analyzed. This will lead into an evaluation of
which is the most appropriate approach in working with Jane by ... Show more content on
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This would help Jane to recognise the unconscious past and how this relates to present interactions
facilitating change. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) perspective CBT is an integrated approach
using various combinations of cognitive and behavioral modification interventions and techniques
(Myers, 2005). The aim is to change maladaptive patterns of thinking and behaving that impact
clients in the present (Weiten et al., 2009). From a cognitive behavioral perspective Jane would be
diagnosed as having faulty thinking and dysfunctional behavioral issues suffering from depression,
and anxiety in the form of Agoraphobia (Weiten et al., 2009). A major focus will be on the rational
emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), while incorporating other behavioral and cognitive techniques
relevant in supporting Jane (Corey, 2005) A cognitive counsellor would facilitate a guided discovery
and Socratic dialogue to gather information about past events (Weiten et al., 2009). Therefore,
signaling evidence of potential cognitive distortions Jane has learnt and integrated that may have
established rigid and unrealistic thoughts patterns. Hence, the goal is to replace these distortions
with constructive automatic thoughts and core schemas by obtaining new ways to think and behave
(Weiten et al., 2009). A counsellor would help Jane to identify cognitive distortions that contribute
to behavioral problems and

Cognitive Theories And Theories Of Psychology
INTRODUCTION There are many approaches that psychologists have developed in order to
understand certain behavior. The most common approaches in psychology are psychodynamic,
behavior, cognitive, humanistic, and biological approaches. The ultimate goal of each method is to
help individuals change unhealthy thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. However, these different
approaches use different techniques to form assumptions and explanations about abnormality. In this
essay, cognitive and psychodynamic are the two approaches that will be discussed. Even though
these two approaches have a few similarities, their differences are more obvious. COGNITIVE
APPROACH The cognitive theory approach explains that people's thoughts or beliefs form certain
behaviors and emotions. This theory was developed in the early 1960s, and it attempts to describe
the behavior of humans by studying thoughts and reasoning process (Beck 1995). The automatic
thoughts that we have about ourselves can affect emotions and self–concept. Also, our global
assumptions about other people and the world can be either positive and helpful or negative and
destructive (Nolen–Hoeksema 2014). The two founders of this view, Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck,
claimed "the dysfunctional thinking that influences negative emotions and maladaptive behavior is
common to all psychological disturbances" (Beck 1995). With cognitive therapy, the therapist helps
the patient identify and challenge their negative thoughts and dysfunctional

Psychodynamic Theory And Social Learning Theory Essay
The two theories discussed here will be the Psychodynamic Theory and the Social Learning Theory.
Psychodynamic theories include the wisdom of Freud and Jung. Freud discusses, defense
mechanisms, understanding the ego as it relates to rational thinking and the superego in regard to
mortality. Whereas the Social Learning Theory includes those works from Bandura, Watson, and
Piaget among others. This theory will focus on imitation, observation and modeling another's
behavior to achieve a certain desired outcome. Although their conceptual theories differ, they both
reflect, shape, and interpret the very essence of the human psyche and how we have evolved and
developed over the years.
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Theories Used to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ego tells us we are invincible, or that we can achieve things that we may have not thought
through. Along with shaping our personality healing will also begin when we pay attention to
different transferences and the actual treatment of the relationship. Much of this type of therapy is
used for those individuals that have somehow attached their emotions to the object of relationships.
Hanging on to the favorite sweater, only listening to music that the other person loved. This can also
involve, defense mechanisms, and a struggle between the ego(rationality), and super ego (mortality).
"Such therapy usually involves once–weekly 50–minute sessions, the length of treatment varying
between 3 months and 2 years." Essentially this particular theory method deals with resolving
childhood or early in life conflicts.
The Social Learning Theory tells us a different story in how to address those with behaviors that
need addressing, like for instance when men abuse their partners, this is a learned behavior,
originating usually within their family dynamics and cultural aspects that reward anger or violence.
This is further identified with how we interact with their environment. And while this behavior
overall, is deplorable one reason it is left to go on, is because ultimately there are positive and or
negative reinforcers guiding or directing the outcome.
The disfunction needs to be redirected, the

Psychotherapy Strategies Drawn from Psychodynamic and...
The purpose of this paper is to analyze a video entitled Psychodynamic–Interpersonal Counseling &
Psychotherapy (Brooks–Harris &Oliveira–Berry, 2004). The video features Dr. Jeff Brooks–Harris
and Dr. Jill Oliveira–Berry demonstrating sixteen skills drawn from psychodynamic and
interpersonal approaches to psychotherapy.
Essential Elements of Psychodynamic and Interpersonal Approaches to Psychotherapy
Psychoanalysis is a unique form of psychological treatment founded by Sigmund Freud and later
modified by his followers including Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Harry Stack–Sullivan (Wedding &
Corsini, 2013). Although there is no one psychoanalytic theory Wedding and Corsini (2013) tell us
that there are basic principles that tend to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This transference may represent Mia's feelings about her past relationship with her parents or her
current relationship with her friends, and/or her boyfriend. Dr. Brooks–Harris encourages Mia to
blame him for her disappointment instead of blaming herself. By resolving her conflicts in the
therapeutic relationship, Mia may discover ways of resolving conflicts in a more healthy way
outside of therapy. Mia then describes a dream she had about leaving home for college. She also
describes her sister who is in her dream attempting to keep her from leaving. Dr. Brooks–Harris uses
dream interpretation to suggest that the characters in the dream may represent different parts of Mia
and her feelings about leaving her boyfriend. For instance, Mia's sister may represent the part of Mia
that doesn't want to leave her boyfriend. Once Mia has decided to break up wither boyfriend, Dr.
Brooks–Harris encourages her to build new relationships or strengthen those she already has. He
does this because if Mia has alternative relationships she is less likely to respond to changes in her
other relationships with anxiety and depression. The second session features Dr. Jill Oliveira–Berry
who is working with a female client named Suzy who has recently broken up with her boyfriend.
Suzy is at first unable to identify what she wants to talk about. Dr. Oliveira–Berry's encourages her
to use free association to

Lord Of The Flies Ego Superego Analysis
In every human being, a constant battle is occurring between two very diverse consciences. William
Golding portrayed this battle through his novel, Lord of the Flies, and with Sigmund Freud's
psychoanalysis theories of ID, Ego, and Superego. ID usually delineates the avarice and guile side
of the soul. Superego, however, represents the euphonious and benign voice of the soul. The Ego is
a balance of the two and is gullible to the forces of both voices. Golding uses these three forces to
show that without the pureness of the conscience, human spirit is innately evil and corruptible. Thus,
Golding uses Freud's ID, Ego, and Superego to demonstrate the overall theme of the flexibility of
the human spirit towards evil through Jack's recklessness, Ralph's sense of balance, and Simon's
cherubic attitude.
The character of Jack symbolizes the ID side of the soul because of his recklessness through his
obsession with hunting and fun on the island. His obsession started when he felt the power from
killing his first pig, "He noticed blood on his hands and grimaced distastefully, looked for something
on which to clean them, then wiped them on his shorts and laughed ... 'We'll go hunting every day–'"
(Golding 69/70). This quote shows that when the ID receives power, it will take full advantage of it
and will enjoy it, just like Jack did when he saw the blood from the pig. This quote also shows that
how the ID treats everything as a game and something to laugh at, which is exactly what Jack

A Psychodynamic Therapist May Also Be Willing To Help Steven
A psychodynamic therapist may also be willing to help Steven explore these dynamic, internal
forces that have determine the trajectories of his life, thus far, since coming into contact with, or
being influenced by, his past experiences. Taken together, the overarching goal of a psychodynamic
therapist is to listen attentively to what the client is sharing, looking for abnormalities that the
individual finds hard to cope with, which give rise to the stated conflict amongst these forces,
subsequently leading to the presenting negative effects. In Steven's situation, we know that his
childhood was spent looking out for his two younger brothers because his parents were alcoholics
and "disinterested in us kids." Thus, Steven's chronic worry ... Show more content on
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Considering some common features and characteristics of psychodynamic psychotherapies, we can
also encompass a focus on Steven's affect and emotional expression, self–experience and
relatedness, maladaptive relationship patterns, transference and countertransference, exploration of
unconscious motives and fantasies, and relate his current experiences to his past experiences
(Friederich, Zeeck & Herzog, 2015).
Altogether, Steven's ego defense mechanism has failed to control his unacceptable id impulses,
which lead to his chronic worry and negative ruminations. Insofar, his childhood experiences
coupled with both his parents being alcoholics, has conflicted with Steven's unconscious forces,
since becoming aware that he is expecting his first child. Or perhaps, his fixation on the actions of
his parents could have impacted him. Irrespective of both, they are all important in helping us to
understand Steven's presenting concerns and allowing him to gain a deepened understanding of self
and others, recognize his strengths and challenges and develop or increase his capacities to cope
more effectively (Borden, 2000; Cortina, 2010).
Sociocultural Model of Abnormality According to the sociocultural model, abnormal behavior is
best understood in light of the broad forces that influence an individual (Comer, 2015), examining
the

Jenny Durra Character Analysis
Analyzation of Jenny Curran: Trait and Psychodynamic Theories Looking at Psychodynamic areas
in Jenny Curran's life, it is easy to see where the root of her problems lie and how she grew into
such a troubled young woman. Whether she realized it at any stage of her life or not, Jenny's
experiences as a little girl followed her for the rest of her life. After her mother's death when she was
only a little girl of five years old, she unfortunately lives with her alcoholic father in Greenbow,
Alabama. Her dad sexually and physically assaults her and her two equally unfortunate siblings
during the course of their troubled childhood. In an innocent and desperate attempt to run away from
her dad's alcohol–induced stupors, she and Forrest hide nearby ... Show more content on
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It was not uncommon that she found herself confused, wondering why she was dealt the cards given
to her and dwelling on why it was so hard for her to just disappear to a new place she didn't know.
Since Jenny's childhood was plagued by physical and sexual abuse from her drunken father, the
police whisked her away to coincide along with her grandmother during her teenage youth. The pain
and torture would nevertheless make an imprint upon her personality and make her the perfect
example of the psychodynamic theory. Upon a return visit to Greenbow, Alabama, Jenny sees her
father's abandoned house and is given an unhappy reminder of her abusive past. It was her unhealthy
home life that likely caused her to go astray, searching for the love and nurturing she never received
as a child. Her vulnerability as a child translated into pain and destruction as an adult. Jenny traveled
down a road to nowhere in her many pursuits, she had no goals or final destination in mind. She
lived by the seat of her pants. She led a whimsical, spontaneous life, but somewhere down the road
she got lost. Jenny was often confused and ran away from her true happiness. Jenny didn't care
where the road–or more explicitly, life–took her. For example, after an anti–Vietnam rally in
Washington, D.C., Jenny once again abandons Forrest and hitches a ride from a random truck

Evaluating the Main Theories of Counselling Essay
This essay will attempt to highlight and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the three main
theories of counselling within the module covered this term. The three approaches in discussion are
psychodynamics, cognitive behavioural and humanistic.
The psychodynamic theory originated from Sigmund Freud, a medical doctor and philosopher (1856
– 1939) founded in the 1900s. Freud developed his ideas whilst working as a psychiatrist in Vienna,
collecting information from his patients such as feelings, thoughts and early childhood experiences.
The psychodynamic theory focuses on the unconscious mind. Freud's credence is that different
mental forces operate in the mind. The unconscious mind can be described as being like an iceberg.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Id is the unconscious state of mind; it is responsible for our voluptuous and immediate
satisfaction. It is our basic drives such as life instincts (Eros) and death instincts (Thantos); it is also
responsible for our libido (sexual instinct).
The Ego is the conscious state, the rational mind which organises our thoughts and makes sense of
them. This develops during the first two years of life.
The Super Ego aims for perfection, it works in contradiction to the Id. It controls our sense of right
and wrong.
Part of Freud's theory was that the Id, Ego and Super Ego were in constant conflict with each other.
It involves the Id wanting immediate satisfaction and the super ego who wants the id/person to
behave leaving the ego constantly trying to resolve the issue.
The Ego uses a number of defence mechanisms to protect itself; these mechanisms are designed to
reduce anxiety and stress. Some defence mechanisms include; repression, displacement, projection,
denial and intellectualisation.
Techniques used by Psychodynamic therapists consist of; dream therapy (making sense of dreams
and interpretation into reasons behind them), hypnosis and free association.
While most psychodynamic theories did not rely on experimental research the methods and theories
of psychodynamic thinking contributed to experimental psychology.
Psychodynamic Therapy was the first therapy used in attempting to explain mental illness and has
had great

Amy Landon 's The Emergency Room At Marshall I
Client System Problem
A white, middle class, 48 year old female by the name of Amy Landon (alias name) was brought
into the emergency room at Marshall I. Pickens Hospital in Greenville, SC by her husband Dalton
Landon (alias name). The husband reported he has been married to Amy for 17 years and they have
two children: a son age 9 and a daughter age 7. Amy has been seeing a psychiatrist ever since her
first anxiety attack 4 years ago.
My patient has also been diagnosed with having agoraphobia. Individuals diagnosed with
agoraphobia experience the symptoms of a fast pounding heart, breathing problems, nausea,
dizziness and sweating (Melinda Ratini, 2005). My patient experiences all of these symptoms at
once and it causes her body to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The two theories I will utilize from this course in order to explain my patient's behavior are the
psychodynamic theory and the systems theory.
Theories to Explain Behavior The psychodynamic theory would explain an individual's personality
in terms of conscious and unconscious forces, such as unconscious desires and beliefs. In the early
20th century, Sigmund Freud proposed the psychodynamic theory consists of the id (accountable for
instincts and pleasure–seeking), the superego (attempts to submit to the rules of parents and society),
and the ego (which facilitates between the id and superego according to the stresses of reality)
(Cherry, n.d.). Psychodynamic theories believe childhood experiences shape a person's personality.
The systems theory would focus on the micorsystems, which are the interpersonal relations
experienced by the developing person. Amy's challenge will also be explained through her
mesosystem, this would be the linkage and processes that take place between two or more setting
containing the developing person (ST article ). Lastly through the systems theory Amy's challenge
will be analyzed through her macrosystem which is a societal blueprint for a particular culture. (ST
aritlce )
Psychodynamic Theory Explained through Narrative Utilizing the psychodynamic approach is a
useful theory when trying to analyze

Psychodynamic Theory And Family Counseling
Psychodynamic Theory and Family Counseling Advantages and Disadvantages Psychodynamic
therapy has been around for ages, and has been very beneficial for clients who are suffering from an
array of difficulties in life. This form of therapy has the client focus on the past and understand how
it has positively or negatively affected his/her behavior and outlook on life. There are many
advantages and disadvantages to taking this historical approach when working with families.
Starting with the advantages of psychodynamic therapy, a client is able to re–examine past conflicts
and work though unresolved issues that could be hindering his/her present day life. Going through
life and never really dealing with what is troubling you, can cause stress and anxiety all the way into
adulthood. When an individual decides to seek help for the first time, it is beneficial for the
counselor to know about the client's past experiences to fully understand why they are the person
they are today. A historical approach helps the counselor focus on the root of the problems, and how
events along the way have become overpowering struggles that has brought the family into
counseling. Understanding one's past can help a person heal and learn to deal with new issues that
may come along in the future. This type of therapy is also beneficial because it helps the client and
counselor identify reoccurring behaviors that have led to negative outcomes. Being aware of why
the behaviors occur and recognizing

Compare and Contrast Psychodynamic and Humanistic Essay
Compare and contrast how the psychodynamic and person–centred approaches to counselling
understand the person, and how these two approaches explain psychological distress experienced by
individuals. In part 2 reflect on and write about which of the two models appeals most to you and
why? INTRODUCTION Psychodynamic and person–centred approaches to counselling have many
differences in the way they understand the person and explain psychological distress. Part one below
reviews both approaches separately, followed by a comparison of the main similarities and
differences. Part two explains why I feel psychodynamic therapy appeals to me most. PART ONE
PSYCHODYNAMIC Psychodynamic counselling has its roots in the work of Sigmund ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Person centred therapists believe that people are driven by two distinct needs. The first is self–
actualisation (the ability to be the best we can be), the second is the need to be loved and valued.
'Self concept' or the way we view ourselves is highly relevant in person–centred therapy. Should
there be a separation between actual experience, and the way our 'self' believes something should be
incongruence is said to occur. McLeod (2008) describes this as, "Where there is a disjunction
between feelings and the capacity for accurate awareness and symbolization of these feelings, a state
of incongruence is said to exist. Incongruence is the very broad term used to describe the whole
range of problems that clients bring to counselling" (p. 179). Rogers 'conditions of worth' are
explanation of how a person's self–concept is shaped by parental influence, and 'locus of evaluation'
considers how the self–concept is shaped by internal versus external influences. It is worth noting
that 'conditions of worth' are the only explanation Rogers used of childhood influences on current
behaviour. Rogers had a very positive view on humanity and believed that if a normal, self–aware
person follows their own internal thoughts and feelings, they would come to the correct conclusions
which would not only satisfy themselves, but others

The Chicago School Of Professional Psychology Essay
CC505 Midterm
Noopur Shah
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology
1. What are some strengths and weakness of Freud's ideas?
Strengths:
Freud introduced us to unconscious motivations and how they determine our behavior. The study of
the unconscious mind became a base and paved the way for other therapists. Also, the psychosexual
stages were introduced which explain the biological and instinctual drive of children. The structure
of personality is the foundation of our impulses, behaviors, and our interactions in our mental life.
These include the id, ego, and superego. The superego prevents actions the id wants to accomplish;
which is important because we all have irrational impulses and the superego saves us from those. It
is important to look at the weaknesses of psychoanalysis and Freud's ideas. The psychosexual stages
stop at the age of six when development happens throughout someone's lifetime. These
psychosexual stages are his main focus and there is not much of a focus on how important social
factors are on our mental health and development. Psychoanalytical therapists can sometimes be
seen as subjective. The therapist analyzes the dreams and that is subjective. There is no empirical
research to support his psychodynamic model, although the theory does explain reasons for
irregularities in development. A common criticism is he blamed for inadequate parenting on mothers
while the father was not in the equation. The time

Object Relations Theory Is A Psychodynamic Theory
Object Relations Theory Object relations theory is a psychodynamic theory that observes our
capability to form long–lasting attachments, and is based on our early experiences of disconnection
from and connections with out primary caregivers. We internalize our initial relationship examples,
which means that our first relationships make lasting impressions on us, determining how we
approach future relationships. Also, object relations theory studies how people form various
attitudes towards others and how those attitudes affect their view of themselves as well as social
relationships. There is a central notion of object relation's theory, which is that all people naturally
search for relationships with others, what this theory looks at is how well an individual can form the
interpersonal relationship and what, if any, deficiencies in social functioning may have occurred. For
social workers, this theory is helpful in seeing an individual in the framework of the relationship
rather than an individual being. According to object relations theory, the ultimate situation is to be
raised by caregivers who in turn help us to progressively and appropriately move away from their
physical and emotional direct care while they continue to convey their availability for support
(Hutchison, 2013). These early associations are a major determinant of our personalities and the
quality of our interpersonal performance (Hutchison, 2013; Dorfman, Meyer, & Morgan, 1998).
Essentially, an

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PP) rooted from traditional psychoanalysis theories. PP operates
with the basic assumption that focuses on unconscious processes that recognise how a person's
behaviour and feelings in the present are rooted from childhood experience in the past. The
objective of PP is to facilitate client to reach self–awareness and to have a better understanding of
the problems by identifying where the origin of the issue as well as underlying causes that may be
present. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy places heavy emphasis on client's relationships and
interpersonal experience (Shedler, 2010).
Therapeutic Relationship
Gelso & Carter (1985) suggested therapeutic relationship as "the feelings and attitudes that the
counselling participants have toward one another and the manner in which these are expressed". The
establishment of a therapeutic relationship between the therapist and the client that is open, non–
judgmental and empathic serve as the basis of new internalisations. It allows the client to develop
trust towards the therapist and bring about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These adaptive behaviour, feelings and thoughts that are projected, stemmed from past interactions
with significant figures in the client's life. There are two types of transference.
Positive transference. Occur when client experiences positive feelings such as fondness, trust,
concern, admiration. It may contribute to forming a healthy alliance, however, it may become an
obstruction when love and sexual desire strongly involved (Chua, 2017). In the case study, Mei Lin
observed to developed a positive transference of trust as she was able to share her past painful
experience as well as her marital issue to the

Ted Bundy and Psychodynamic Theory Essay
Theodore Bundy was born on November 24th 1946. He was born to an unwed mother who was told
that she was his sister. He was raised by his grandparents who portrayed themselves as his parents
throughout his early childhood years. According to the article I read Ted's grandfather was abusive
towards Ted and his other siblings (Montaldo). Ted was shy and said to be sociably awkward, but
during high school he developed into good looking guy and was liked by many. Ted met his first
girlfriend in college and eventually falls in love. His girlfriend did not see Ted as someone who
would be successful and eventually broke up with him and this broke his heart. This was about the
time he learned the truth about his family too. He developed ... Show more content on
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Psychodynamic theorists believe that this disorder begins during infancy when infants either
develop trust or mistrust towards their caregivers. In the case of Ted this very issue caused a lot of
turmoil for him. He grew up thinking that his grandparents were his parents and that is sister was his
mother. I think that this was very hard for him to accept and he felt like he could not trust anyone.
Researchers have supported the psychodynamic theory by claiming that people with disorder have
been subjected to family violence and parental conflict or divorce. Ted's grandfather was said to be
violent towards Ted and his other siblings. I believe that Ted's environment played a huge role in his
developing antisocial disorder and that these factors would be listed under axis IV of the DSM–IV–
TR. Michael Packard who was an editor for DSM–IV's criteria developed a way to determining the
GAF or the Global Assessment Functioning. He suggests moving up and down the scale until the
person's status at that moment is described. I chose the time in Ted's life when he was killing and
found his GAF to be a 4 or lower according Packard's method. At this level the DSM–IV's criteria
would be that Ted was a persistent danger of severely hurting others (Midwest Behavioral Health
Network, 2009). Psychodynamic theorists would believe that Ted's past experiences would
contribute to his disorder. They believe that psychological

Sigmund Freud's Psychodynamic Theory and Crime
Psychodynamic (Psychoanalytical) theory was developed by Sigmund Freud in the late 1800's and
has gained increasing popularity in the history of criminality (Siegel, 2005). Freud believed that
every individual carries "[the] residue of the most significant emotional attachments of our
childhood, which then guides our future interpersonal relationships" (Siegel). Freud theorized that
the personality is a three–part structure made up of the id, ego, and super ego. These three
components work together in creating a behavior. The id creates the demands, the ego put the
demands created by id into a larger context using reality, and finally the superego suppresses the id
and attempts to make the ego behave morally, rather than realistically. Psychodynamic theory is
significant to criminology because it explains "criminal" or "abnormal" behavior is the result of
irregular development of the psyche. The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which seeks
immediate gratification of all needs, desires, and urges. The pleasure principle that drives the id
strives to fulfill our most basic needs and primitive urges, such as hunger, thirst, emotions, and sex.
When one or more of these needs or urges are not met, the result is a state of anxiety or stress. It is
important to note that during infancy children are ruled entirely by the id, and as they age the other
components of personality develop, allowing us to control the demands of the id and behave in
socially acceptable ways (Cherry,

Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, And Traditional Psychodynamic...
Psychodynamic Theories
What is traditional psychodynamic theory? Who and where did it come? How did contemporary
psychodynamic theory develop and expand upon those ideas? Who were the key players?
Theories
The traditional psychodynamic theories of personality were introduced to us through Sigmund
Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Alder. From there many other great minds were able to build upon the
framework of the ideas of those who had gone before them. Most notably was Melanie Klein, Karen
Horney, Eric Fromm, and Erik Erikson. Traditional psychodynamic theorists focused more on the
unconscious and how it relates to personality, whereas contemporary psychodynamic theorist
focused more on how the individual develops their personality.
Traditional Theories The traditional psychodynamic theories put great emphases on the importance
of the unconscious mind and believed that personality traits were something people are born. The
consensus being that the traits everyone expressed as being inherent and coming from within. There
was not a huge amount of focus on how the outside world may have contributed to an individual's
personality. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Alder believed that what occurred in the
unconscious mind had a significant impact on what went on in the conscious mind. The main
propositions and components of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory are that an adult's
personality is largely determined by their experiences during childhood and that people are

Psychodynamic Theory During The 's Dr. Paul Weston
In Treatment's Dr. Paul Weston appears to largely use psychodynamic theory during his sessions
with Sophie, the teenaged gymnast who is seeing him after an accident which is believed to have
been a potential suicide attempt. However, as is the case with most therapists, Paul does not focus
solely on psychodynamics when treating Sophie, drawing on the universal qualities of all therapists
as well as some cognitive techniques. There are several instances of this unique blend of techniques
throughout Sophie's episodes, as well as the continual theme of psychodynamics that seems to be
Paul's main practicing theory. The role of the therapist – regardless of their theoretical orientation –
is to convey to their clients that they are there to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the claim itself is important for creating a sort of holding environment within the therapy
room, it is also more likely to be effective if it is actually practiced and backed by actions – which
Paul does. Regardless of the number of times that Sophie accuses him, yells at him and in one
memorable instance, destroys a decoration in his office, he remains and calm and does not criticize
her for her anger or resentment, merely tries to help her understand what is causing it, without
passing judgement on her for it.
While those are some of the more universal aspects of both therapy and the nature of the therapist
that Paul recreates with Sophie, there are also some theoretical perspective specificities that come
through their sessions. While it doesn't play a major role and only truly appears during their later
sessions, there are instances where Pau employs some cognitive therapy techniques to try and help
Sophie. The key feature of cognitive therapy is that it is our general thoughts – or schemas – that
shape how we interpret and perceive the world around us and that it is those thoughts and
interpretation that produce our emotional and behavior reactions to situations and events, not the
situation itself. In Sophie's case this would reflect

Psychodynamic Personality Profile of Johnny Depp Essay
Personality, like most core Psychology subjects, is difficult to define. Personality is essentially the
science of describing and understanding people. No two people are the same; even identical twins
will tell you that they are very different to their identical counterpart. There are some who are
anxious and there are those who are risk–takers. There are some who are carefree while there are
those who are highly–strung and there are those who are over–confident while some are just plain
shy. It is this issue of differences that are fundamental to the study and examination of personality.
Johnny Depp, born June 9th, 1963 in Owensboro, Kentucky – self–proclaimed "barbeque capital of
the world" – has led an interesting life filled with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Research also shows indicates that the Big Five has distinct biological substrates thereby linking
trait perspective with the biological perspective (DeYoung, Quilty & Peterson, 2007). However this
convergence of perspectives is actually productive in that all perspectives by themselves have their
disadvantages as well as their advantages. If all perspectives can coincide with one another,
explanations of personality will become so much easier.
The psychoanalytic perspective is the most interesting theory of the analysis of an individual and
their personality. Initially developed by Freud during the latter half of the 1900s, it deals with,
among other things, the irrational and less predictable patterns of behaviour and human thinking,
which is what most other theories of personality often leave out and are criticised for it. In
understanding Johnny Depp, a psychodynamic perspective best accounts for his personality: as a
complete theory, it can explain his behaviour from when he was a child to becoming a famous
movie star, integrates other theories into its analysis, such as Evolutionary and Learning
perspectives, thus providing a fairly reliable and accurate interpretation of his personality.
As a kid, Johnny Depp had a troublesome childhood. His father was continually searching for secure
work in order to support his family, resulting in them moving around a lot, living in motels, shifting
from place to place. This no doubt took a

Essay about Evaluating the Main Theories of Counseling
This essay will attempt to highlight and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the three main
theories of counselling within the module covered this term. The three approaches in discussion are
psychodynamics, cognitive behavioural and humanistic.
The psychodynamic theory originated from Sigmund Freud, a medical doctor and philosopher (1856
– 1939) founded in the 1900s. Freud developed his ideas whilst working as a psychiatrist in Vienna,
collecting information from his patients such as feelings, thoughts and early childhood experiences.
The psychodynamic theory focuses on the unconscious mind. Freud's credence is that different
mental forces operate in the mind. The unconscious mind can be described as being like an iceberg.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Id is the unconscious state of mind; it is responsible for our voluptuous and immediate
satisfaction. It is our basic drives such as life instincts (Eros) and death instincts (Thantos); it is also
responsible for our libido (sexual instinct).
The Ego is the conscious state, the rational mind which organises our thoughts and makes sense of
them. This develops during the first two years of life.
The Super Ego aims for perfection, it works in contradiction to the Id. It controls our sense of right
and wrong.
Part of Freud's theory was that the Id, Ego and Super Ego were in constant conflict with each other.
It involves the Id wanting immediate satisfaction and the super ego who wants the id/person to
behave leaving the ego constantly trying to resolve the issue.
The Ego uses a number of defence mechanisms to protect itself; these mechanisms are designed to
reduce anxiety and stress. Some defence mechanisms include; repression, displacement, projection,
denial and intellectualisation.
Techniques used by Psychodynamic therapists consist of; dream therapy (making sense of dreams
and interpretation into reasons behind them), hypnosis and free association.
While most psychodynamic theories did not rely on experimental research the methods and theories
of psychodynamic thinking contributed to experimental psychology.
Psychodynamic Therapy was the first therapy used in attempting to explain mental illness and has
had great

Psychodynamic Theories And Theories Of The Psychodynamic...
This paper attempts to explore psychodynamic theory in depth as well as its presentation in real life
as presented by Sigmund Freud. It presents an analysis of the theory in terms of its historical
developments and perspectives as well as the ideas of its main supporters. Further, the paper also
attempts to bring to light the hidden and unambiguous assumptions made by the theory concerning
individuals, groups, families, systems and communities. Additionally, It will attempt to highlight the
relationship that exists between the theory and other theories. The key concepts discussed by Feuds
psychodynamic theory have also been discussed in this paper. In addition, the paper also focuses on
the application of the psychodynamic theory in social work direct practice and how the theory has
influenced various aspects and beliefs in the field. Finally, the paper will attempt to expose the main
criticisms of the psychodynamic theory as presented by various psychological researchers. Amongst
these three theories this paper will explore and explain family counseling approach of the
Psychoanalytic therapy and its approach. This paper will also explain five commonly used family
therapy theories which are strategic, systematic, intergenerational, structural, and experimental. This
paper will also go into biblical views to the psychodynamic theory and its biblical approach.
Background History Initially, the Psychodynamic theory was developed by a famous theorist known
as

Personal Views On Music Therapy Philosophies
Personal Views on Music Therapy Philosophies There are many different views and approaches
used in therapy and in society in general. These views include: cognitive, behavioral, cognitive–
behavioral, psychodynamic, biological, and humanistic (Comer, 2014). Some of the approaches
used include the Orff approach, Dalcroze approach, Kodaly approach, Bonny Method of Guided
Imagery and Music, and Nordoff–Robbins approach (Darrow, 2008). Darrow explained the different
philosophies, populations, and applications of these diverse approaches. In music therapy, the theory
that is practiced by a music therapist will determine the types of approaches and terms used and how
they use them. The approaches used will also affect how they interact with clients. The different
approaches can elicit very different interactions with clients (Darrow). There are three main theories
used in therapy. These three main theories are known as psychodynamic, behavioral, and
humanistic. The psychodynamic view is based on repressed thoughts and feelings, the behavioral
view is based on behaviors, and the humanistic view is based on self–actualization (Comer, 2014).
Each of these views will be further explored as I piece together my own personal philosophy and
views on each main theory. The first theory, psychodynamic, was developed by Sigmund Freud. He
believed that our behaviors are determined by our unconscious thoughts and instincts. He also
believed that our behaviors are

The Similarities and Differences Between Client-Centered...
The similarities and differences between client–centered and psychodynamic therapies are:
Client–centered therapy: An approach to counseling where the client determines the general
direction of therapy, while the therapist seeks to increase the client's insightful self–understanding
through informal simplified questions. The client is the focal point of the sessions, the therapist
takes a "back seat" to learn about the person, and watch as the client moves toward the achievement
of their full potential through creativity.
The difference with client–centered therapy than psychodynamic therapy is the client directs their
own development and moves at their own pace. The therapist is a source of understanding and
encouragement, with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite the many differences there are some main similarities between client– centered and
psychodynamic therapy in that they are both approaches to counseling helping clients overcome
obstacles to personal growth and to bring a better quality of life for the client. Also both are focused
on the problems/issues that may or have already hindered the client from successful relationships.
They are both based on empathy, acceptance and understanding providing ways of responding to a
wide range of human needs and providing opportunities for those seeking help to work towards
ways of living in more satisfying and resourceful ways.
My article for this week was The Client–Counselor Match and the Corrective Emotional
Experience: Evidence from Interpersonal and Attachment Research written by Annie Bernier and
Mary Dozier from the University of Delaware. The article suggest the client–counselor match as a
helping condition for a healing emotional experience and revisits the appropriate facts from
attachment and interpersonal studies. In reading the article this week I believe it does lend validity
to client–centered therapy, with client–centered therapy, the therapist and client must have a building
relationship, understanding and a meeting of the minds so to speak.
It is generally recognized that the

The Personality Characteristics Of Personality
The notion of personality can be defined as a specific set of organised characteristics that influence a
person's everyday actions. These actions are guided by different motives and cognitive processes
causing the large range of behaviours in a person. Each person's characteristics are unique and come
together to create an individual personal identity (Burger, 2011). Therefore a personality is
subjective to each individual person, it is these unique characteristics that make it so. Characteristics
such as likes and dislikes, fear and strengths and weaknesses are what create the individual
personality that is seen by others (D. Schultz and P. Schultz, 2005). It is an important endeavour to
discern where these characteristics are derived from, the question whether or not a personality is the
product of free will has many relevant explorations. Free will in personality would suggest that a
person has a free choice over how their aforementioned personality characteristics may turn out
(Maslow, 1943). This idea that a person can determine their personality through a series of life
choices directly contravenes the idea of a pre–determined personality that is shaped by biology and
life events, called determinism (Skinner, 1957). Determinism is championed by Sigmund Freud in
his psychodynamic theory (Freud, 1912), although it will not be the focus of this essay, despite
Freud's theories constituting as part of the main crux of the latter part. In order to address the
question

Erikson's Eight Stages Of Psychosocial Development : An...
Taking a look at the attachment theory right off the back you can see that with Chick not having his
mother around it was difficult for him to attach to a caregiver. Growing up, as a child in a neglectful
household would cause numerous difficulties throughout life. Not being able to form attachment
with the primary caregiver (usually the mother) would hinder social and emotional development,
confidence, the ability to make and maintain healthy relationships ("How can growing up without a
mother affect a child?," 2017). The list is endless, children who grow up in neglectful and abusive,
households learn to see the world in a 'unsafe' way and often suffer trauma as a result. I believe that
due to what happened to chuck it had the opposite affect with his strength "Positivity", because
People especially talented in the Positivity theme have an enthusiasm that is contagious, basically
they are upbeat and can get others excited about what they are going to do ("clifton strengthfinder,"
n.d.). This is true Chuck believed that he was capable of great things regardless of what he had to go
through without a mother, being bullied, and all the above. He chose to look at his situation as
positive as he could which carried on throughout his life. As the reader observes Erikson's Eight
Stages of Psychosocial Development, the fourth stage to be exact, you will be able to make ties
between Chuck's childhood and what Erikson says about a person's childhood phase. Erikson says at
the

Relational Theory
Relational theory is built on the assumption that there is an inherent tendency for people to maintain
relationships with others (Hutchinson, 2015). Relational theory is the integration of several
psychodynamic theories, such as object–relations theory, self–psychology, and interpersonal
psychoanalysis, into a larger perspective which acknowledges that the mind exist in relation to
others (Segal, 2013). This theory's origins in psychodynamic theory can be seen in key concepts
such as the assertion that human behavior is significantly impacted by past relational patterns
(Segal, 2013). Although past relationships are viewed as influential, relational theorist maintain
individuals' can exercise agency and that actions can be influenced but ... Show more content on
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Conjunctive faith allows one to consider the paradoxes of life and multiple truths of the universe and
expand their sense of connection with others (Hutchinson, 2015). Universalizing faith focuses on an
awareness of justice, injustices, and love resulting in selfless actions (Hutchinson, 2015). Although
many never reach the final stages of faith development, Fowler's theory of faith development can
still be used to critically evaluate how one utilizes faith to cope with life's challenges as the go
through the stages of faith

Psycho Dynamic Concepts And Therapies
Throughout the years and despite the endless scientific research, many have come to believe that
psycho–dynamic concepts and therapies are not as effective as other therapies. However, Shedler
(2010) believes that the misconception of the ineffectiveness of psycho–dynamic concepts and
therapies are mainly because of the distaste that exists in the mental health professions due to the
hierarchical medical establishment that used to "deny training to non–MDs and adopted a dismissive
stance towards research" (Shedler, pg. 98, 2010). As a result, research was disregarded and the spot
light was placed on the emerging new therapies that were widely welcomed by the academicians
whilst the psycho–dynamic therapies received very limited attention. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These concepts aid the client to become aware and explore aspects of themselves that are not aware
of. The therapy sessions are not as frequent as those of other therapies and treatment is not limited to
a particular number of visit. Psychodynamic therapy does not only focus on relieving the client's
presenting problem, but also positively influence other aspects of the client's life: relationships, self–
esteem, satisfying sexual experiences, understanding of self and others while encouraging self–
discovery, just to make a few. Psychodynamic therapy assists the client in uncovering the layers of
one's self and allowing the client to reach deeper within them for healing.
When applying the theory to practice, a clinician yields for results by overall assessing the client's
current wellbeing and comparing that to the original baseline. A meta analytic review by Shedler
(2010), explores and confirms the effectiveness of Psychodynamic therapy. Shedler (2010) found in
a study by Abbass, Hancock, Henderson, & Kisely, 2006), that clients who received short term
psycho–dynamic therapy yield a 0.97 effect size and post treatment 9 month follow up showed an
effect size of 0.51. It is important to also note that post treatment outcomes "effect size of 0.81 for
change in somatic symptoms, which increased to 2.21 at long–term follow–up; an effect size of 1.08
for change in anxiety ratings, which increased to 1.35 at follow–up; and an effect size of 0.59 for
change in depressive

The And Change System Within Whole Deal Psychodynamic
The patching and change system envisioned in whole deal psychodynamic help usually obliges no
short of what 2 years of sessions. This is because of the destination of treatment is normally to
change a part of one 's identity or character or to fuse key developmental learning missed while the
client was stuck at a former period of enthusiastic change. Experts of brief psychodynamic treatment
acknowledge that a couple of movements can happen through an all the more quick process or that a
beginning short intervention will start an advancing strategy of advancement that does not require
the steady relationship of the authority. A central thought in short help is that there should be one
huge habitat for the treatment rather than the more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Pope KS, 1991) Psychodynamic help, overall called learning organized treatment, focuses on
unaware strategies as they are indicated in an individual 's accessible behavior. The goals of
psychodynamic treatment are a client 's care and understanding of the effect of the past on present
behavior. In its brief structure, a psychodynamic philosophy enables the client to take a gander at
questionable crashes and evidences that rise up out of past futile associations and show themselves
in the need and longing to misuse substances. A couple of different techniques to short
psychodynamic psychotherapyhave created from psychoanalytic theory and have been clinically
joined with a far reaching assortment of mental issue. There is a grouping of research that all around
sponsorships the sufficiency of these techniques. (Cogan, R, 2005) Psychodynamic treatment is the
most settled of the front line medications. (Freud 's investigation is a specific structure and subset of
psychodymanic treatment.) As such, it is arranged in an uncommonly made and multifaceted
speculation of human change and cooperation. This part displays how rich it is for modification and
further progression by contemporary consultants for specific purposes. The material presented in
this segment gives a lively take a gander at the worth and the complex nature of this kind of help.
The Theory The patching and change philosophy envisioned in long term psychodynamic help
regularly obliges

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