1. Aside from indicating whether or not we shout for joy if we get a p value above or below .05, explain what we mean when we state, the relationship between the Dependent and the Independent Variable is statistical significant at the .05 level. 2. After running several different statistical tests, a researcher may get several estimations regarding the value of the relationship between a dependent and independent variable. Explain what is meant by strength of association and how that concept helps a researcher convey the usefulness of an association between variables? 3. Researchers look for narrow confidence intervals. Explain why a narrow point estimate is useful to the researcher in their ability to evaluate the quality of their research as well as convey to policy makers the accuracy of their results. 4. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical Thinking Exercise (4).pdf, provide a clear explanation for what the R-Square value of .435 means in this case. Remember a full explanation defines r-square, interprets the value, and contextualizes the meaning of this value for future readers of your results. 5. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical Thinking Exercise (4)-1.pdf provide a clear explanation for the meaning of the Global F test for significance which in this case is 0.000. Remember a full explanation defines statistical significance in this case, interprets the value, and contextualizes the meaning of this value for future readers of your results. 6. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking Exercise Two Output:  Exam Two Berman Wang Critical Thinking Exercise (4)-2.pdf provide a clear explanation for the meaning of the unstandardized b coefficient for 'Receives job training" (-0.010) and its significance value of  0.010. Remember a full explanation defines the concept of unstandardized b coefficient, interprets, statistical significance, interprets the value of the unstandardized b coefficient, and contextualizes the meaning of this value for future readers of your results.  7. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking Exercise Two Output:  Exam Two Berman Wang Critical Thinking Exercise (4)-3.pdf Provide a clear explanation for the meaning of the unstandardized b coefficient for 'Number of Dependents" (0.000) and its significance value of  0.802. Remember a full explanation defines the concept of unstandardized b coefficient, interprets, statistical significance, interprets the value of the unstandardized b coefficient, and contextualizes the meaning of this value for future readers of your results.  8. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking Exercise Two Output:  Exam Two Berman Wang Critical Thinking Exercise (4)-4.pdf provide a clear explanation for the meaning of the unstandardized b for"Medical Condition" (0.013) and its significance value of  0..

1. 1. Aside from indicating whether or not we shout for joy if we
get a p value above or below .05, explain what we mean when
we state, the relationship between the Dependent and
the Independent Variable is statistical significant at the .05
level.
2. After running several different statistical tests, a researcher
may get several estimations regarding the value of the
relationship between a dependent and independent variable.
Explain what is meant by strength of association and how that
concept helps a researcher convey the usefulness of an
association between variables?
3. Researchers look for narrow confidence intervals. Explain
why a narrow point estimate is useful to the researcher in their
ability to evaluate the quality of their research as well as
convey to policy makers the accuracy of their results.
4. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking
Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical
Thinking Exercise (4).pdf, provide a clear explanation for what
the R-Square value of .435 means in this case. Remember a full
explanation defines r-square, interprets the value,
and contextualizes the meaning of this value for future readers
of your results.
5. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking
Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical
Thinking Exercise (4)-1.pdf provide a clear explanation for the
meaning of the Global F test for significance which in this case
is 0.000. Remember a full explanation defines statistical
significance in this case, interprets the value, and contextualizes
the meaning of this value for future readers of your results.

2. 6. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking
Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical
Thinking Exercise (4)-2.pdf provide a clear explanation for the
meaning of the unstandardized b coefficient for 'Receives job
training" (-0.010) and its significance value of 0.010.
Remember a full explanation defines the concept of
unstandardized b coefficient, interprets, statistical significance,
interprets the value of the unstandardized b coefficient, and
contextualizes the meaning of this value for future readers of
your results.
7. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking
Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical
Thinking Exercise (4)-3.pdf Provide a clear explanation for the
meaning of the unstandardized b coefficient for 'Number of
Dependents" (0.000) and its significance value of 0.802.
Remember a full explanation defines the concept of
unstandardized b coefficient, interprets, statistical significance,
interprets the value of the unstandardized b coefficient, and
contextualizes the meaning of this value for future readers of
your results.
8. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking
Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical
Thinking Exercise (4)-4.pdf provide a clear explanation for the
meaning of the unstandardized b for"Medical Condition"
(0.013) and its significance value of 0.012. Remember a full
explanation defines the concept of unstandardized b coefficient,
interprets, statistical significance, interprets the value of the
unstandardized b coefficient, and contextualizes the meaning of
this value for future readers of your results.
9. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking
Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical
Thinking Exercise (4)-5.pdfestimate the
unemployment duration for a welfare participant who has the

3. following profile:
· Received 5 months of Job Training (this coincides with their
welfare months received)
· Is married
· Has a medical condition ( coded as 1 for has a medical
condition, and 0 for does not have a medical condition)
· Has 3 dependents
· 10 years of education
10. Connell is also interested to know if gender makes a
difference in how people feel about the County’s promotional
system. The following three tables resulted from Connell’s
work. After reporting your assessment of the strength and
statistical significance of the relationship between gender and a
person’s level of agreement that "the people that are the best
qualified for the job get promoted in the county", help Connell
decide if women in the County perceive a glass ceiling
regarding the promotional system? Your data output to review is
as follows: Exam Two Connell and Promotional System Output
11_28_2012-1 (2).pdf
11. Connell also wants to make sure that people of all races
working in the County feel that their work is being recognized.
To test this assumption, he has created the following three
tables exploring the possible relationship between race and
employee perception of recognition. After reporting on your
assessment of the strength and statistical significance of the
possible relationship between race and employee perception of
recognition, help Connell decide if there a recognition problem
related to race in the County? Your data output to review is as
follows: Exam Two Connell Race and Recognition Output
11_28_2012-1 (1).pdf
12. Our favorite volunteer director Katie is back with a new

4. problem. Early this week she heard on the news that men
contributed more volunteer time and money to nonprofit
organizations than women. Before she spends time redoing her
volunteer literature to be more appealing to males, help Katie
interpret the following national Roper poll data about gender
and a ratio level charitable giving scale ranging from 0-30.
After interpreting the strength and statistical significance of the
following relationship please advise Katie if she should or
should not begin to put stereotypical masculine language into
the volunteer brochure or continue using her current
literature. Your data output to review is as follows: Exam Two
Katie Volunteers and Gender Output 11_28_2012-1-1.pdf
To receive full credit you must identify the test(s) and tell the
reader why that test(s) is appropriate for the given context.
13. The New Horizons Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center has
begun to collect data on client satisfaction. In addition to
offering individual counseling, the center has optional group-
activities programs for its clients. The director of the center
would like to know if clients who have participated in the
group-activities programs are more satisfied with their
treatment than those who have not participated in them. The
director is planning to gather data on 100 clients. Each client is
classified as having participated in-group programs (coded 1) or
not (coded 0). Data on client satisfaction are taken from an exit
survey that asked clients to rate their treatment as satisfactory
(coded 1), neutral (coded 2), or unsatisfactory (coded 3). If the
Director wants to use the results of this sample of 100 clients to
talk about client satisfaction for all 4,000 clients, what
statistical test or tests would he need to perform on the gather
data to understand the strength, association, and generalizability
of the sample’s data to the population?
To receive full credit you must identify the test(s) and tell the
reader why that test(s) is appropriate for the given context.
14. The director of prisons is interested in assessing the impact

5. that recent changes in state sentencing guidelines has had on the
length of prisoner stays for repeat offenders. The average stay
for a repeat offender was six months less than their stated
sentence. The director wonders if new sentencing guidelines
will reduce early release dates by two months. A random sample
of 50 repeat offenders reveals that in the 9 months since the
laws were changed; the average repeat offender’s sentence was
only 1 month shorter than their stated sentence. Before the
director starts revamping the prison budget to reflect the
increased inmate stay, what statistical procedure can the
Director use to investigate whether the longer prison stay is a
trend among all repeat offenders and not just this particular
sample of 50 people.
To receive full credit you must identify the test(s) and tell the
reader why that test(s) is appropriate for the given context.
15. The Director of Economic Development in Potto Gulch,
Wisconsin, is interested in studying the relationship between
businesses activity and spending on social welfare programs.
Specifically, she hypothesizes that as business activity
increases, boost to the local economy (mainly through job
creation) should result in lower spending on programs for the
poor. To test this hypothesis, the director gathers annual data
for the last 11 years on three variables. The dependent variable
is annual spending on social welfare programs (in millions of
dollars). The director feels that the number of business permits
issued each years is a good indicator of economic activity and
selects this as the first independent variable. The second
independent variable is the number of residents in Potto Gulch.
What statistical test should the Direct of Economic
Development apply in order to achieve her goal of testing her
hypothesis that as business activities increase the economy
should spend less money on the poor?
To receive full credit you must identify the test(s) and tell the
reader why that test(s) is appropriate for the given context.
16. John Rightly, research analyst for the Colorado Department

6. of Education, has begun work on a study examining the
performance of charter schools in the state. Dr. Rightly is
particularly concerned about the relatively high dropout rates at
these schools. Last year, the dropout rate for the state’s charter
schools averaged 15.1%. Dr. Rightly believes that the rate has
improved this year, but he does not have the data for the entire
population of schools at this time. Accordingly, he collects data
on the dropout rates (expressed as the percentage of students
who dropped out during the school year) for a random sample of
75 charter schools. Given this context, what statistical test or
tests should Dr. Rightly perform in order to estimate the
dropout rate for charter schools this year?
To receive full credit you must identify the test(s) and tell the
reader why that test(s) is appropriate for the given context.
17. A community planner sent out a survey to 300 residents out
of a city of 1,200 people. The planner asked how often residents
used the local park (0- Never; 1- Sometimes; 2- All the Time; 3-
I live there). The planner also asked residents to rate their
satisfaction level with the local park with a satisfaction scale
(0-Totally Unsatisfied; 1- Somewhat unsatisfied; 2-Satisfied; 3
Totally Satisfied). What statistical test(s) should the planner use
in order to assess the strength of the association between these
two variables as well as its statistical significance?
To receive full credit you must identify the test(s) and tell the
reader why that test(s) is appropriate for the given context.
18. Robert Tarter is the Head of the Federal Aviation
Administration and is skeptical of the recommendation that air
traffic controllers need a longer break during their shift than
other aviation workers. To help Tarter make his decision, a
group of twenty air traffic controllers was matched to a second
group of air traffic controllers based on gender, race, age, job
skills, and seniority . The first group of twenty controllers was
allowed to have two, one hour breaks during their eight hour
shift, while the second group of twenty controllers were only
allowed to have two, 30 minute breaks during their eight hour

7. shift. During the experiment, controllers were scored on an alert
index ranging from 0-250. What statistical test(s) should the
planner use in order to assess differences or similarities among
the traffic controllers alert level and their group assignment?
19. In 1999, the Human Resources Department staff
implemented a survey across of the departments of Seminole
County Government. The paper survey was placed in the
mailboxes of each employee and emailed to their government
email accounts. To ensure anonymity of members, participants
were instructed not to write their names on the survey and to
insert the survey into an unmarked white envelope that was
delivered to the outside researcher or to dump the completed
electronic survey into an electronic account that strips the
sender identity and IP address. Supervisors were notified when
their department participation had reached 70%, until then
supervisors received an email notice from County
Commissioner Dagon, reminding them to encourage employee
participation in the study. 977 surveys were received which
was 84.4% of the total number of county employees. Most
questions used the following coding schema:
Strongly Agree (5), Agree (4), Neutral (3), Disagree (2),
Strongly Disagree (1).
The following regression model was created to understand and
predict absenteeism in Seminole county government: Number of
employee Absences as a function of employee attitudes
regarding Job Satisfaction, View of Work, Job Challenge, Task
Freedom, Job Stress, and Pay Equity. (For additional
information, see employeestudent11_9_2011database). Note you
do not have to run the analysis, I provide the dataset only as an
option for those who would like to run the analysis themselves,
rather than using the Exam Two Seminole County Employee
Absenteeism Output PDF that contains the regression output for
this question.
The following regression output was provided to help County
officials predict employee absenteeism. Assess the model’s

8. value in terms of statistical significance, strength, and point
estimation. State clearly and support your answer, what your
recommendation would be based on your assessment of the
value of the model. What possible programs would you
recommend that the County look into in order to curb employee
absenteeism (and again, support your answer by referencing
data analysis)?
Exam Two Seminole County Employee Absenteeism Output
04_23_2014.pdf
20. There are three-parts to this short answer question.
Ian believes that you can predict a mid-sized city's violent
crime rate if you knew the city's unemployment rate (unempl),
median income estimate (income), and a high school or higher
education completion rate (HSGradorHigher).
Part One. Using the output from
the 'altercommunityindicators' in your exam two SPSS
output, estimate the violent crime rate for city that
with an underemployment rate of 7.6%, a median income of 43,
491 and an 80% high school or
higher education completion rate.
Part Two. Using the value of R-Squared and the ANOVA F Test
for Significance evaluate the value of Ian's model to predict
violent crime.
Part Three. According to the
"altercommunityindictators database", the violent crime rate for
Atlanta, GA, is 7922. The city's unemployment rate is 10.5%,
median income is $37,385, and high school or
higher education completion rate of 81.7%. Why is Atlanta’s
violent crime rate different from rate predicted by Ian's model?
See Exam Two Violent Crimes Output or you can run the SPSS

9. data yourself using the altercommunityindicator database.
Exam Two Violent Crime Regression Model 4_18_2017.pdf
21. A health advocacy nonprofit organization is trying to isolate
the sources of health problems in the city. Some debate centers
on whether health problems are related to family income or to
the frequency of city garbage collection. Given this situation,
how would you as a leader of the research taskforce design,
implement, and collect research on the city's health problem?
Please bullet point and put into context how you would
approach research problem? A complete answer addresses the
major steps of the research process.