introduction in sociology & health

1. By
Prof. Dr. Amany Aboseoud
&
Prof. Dr Mona Aboserea
Professors of Public Health
Faculty of medicine –
Zagazig University

2.  Definitions, sociology in relation to health and
disease.
 Health concept, Determinants of Health
 Health promotion
 Changing health behavior
 Communication & Health Education
 Social Marketing
 Life style
 The role of health institutions and health
professionals in society

3. Society: ‫مجتمع‬ a large group of people who
live together in an organized way, making
decisions about how to do things and
sharing the work that needs to be done.
May be country, village, school, factory…… etc
‫تعيش‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫من‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫المجتمع‬
‫منظمة‬ ‫جماعة‬ ‫وضمن‬ ‫م‬ّ‫منظ‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫في‬ ‫سويا‬.
‫علوم‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫ترتكز‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫والمجتمعات‬
‫االجتماعيات‬
Social science deals with man behavior in his
society, including history, geography, civics and
politics…etc

4. Medical sociology: deals with relation between
health and social factors as environmental
conditions surrounding man and affects his health,
traditions ‫,تقاليد‬ lifestyle behaviors, self treatment,
values ‫,قيم‬ customs ‫عادات‬ and cultures ‫.ثقافات‬
It is concerned also with the distribution of health
care services and in particular the inequalities in
health care (health disparities ‫الصحية‬ ‫)الفوارق‬

5.  Social security/ Social insurance: ‫االجتماعى‬ ‫الضمان‬
security given to man by social governmental or private
organizations for risks he is exposed as sickness‫,المرض‬
loss of work, violence, death, accidents, fire and
disability
 Social diseases: diseases that have social stigma ‫وصمة‬
and human interactions as TB, AIDS and leprosy‫الجزام‬
Continued

7.  Social problems: poverty, crime, starvation, alcoholism,
STD, addiction, street children, lonely elderly ,
discrimination.
 Social factors affecting health & disease: level of
socioeconomic standard determine health status of
individuals as per-capita income, family size, literacy,
poverty, malnutrition, unemployment.
Continued
Health &
disease
Social
conditions

8. Comprises different elements including:
 Social epidemiology: the study of socioeconomic,
demographic, and behavioral factors in relation
to the causes of disease and mortality diagnosis
 Development and organizational dynamics of
occupations and professions in healthcare services, hospitals,
health maintenance and long-term care organizations.
It includes inter-organizational relationships between patient
and physicians ttt

9. The reactions of societies to illness, including
cultural meanings and normative expectations
The social policies, social movements, and
economic conditions that shape and are shaped by
health and disease within countries, as well as in a
comparative, international context
The social patterns of the utilization of health
services, the relationship of health care delivery
systems to other social institutions, and social
policies toward health.
continued

10.  Social behavior plays a critical role in determining
or/and influencing the health of individuals, groups,
and the larger society.
 The most important thing for all specialties in Medicine
is the diagnosis of disease in patients but studying the
underlying cause of disease, spread, cultural effects, the
ability to control among all family members and
friends, neighborhood (family diagnosis) is also
important for control that disease in the community.

11. Many facts relating social conditions to
diseases as low social classes had higher
morbidities and mortalities than higher
classes
The spread of diseases is heavily influenced
by: the socioeconomic status of individuals,
ethnic traditions or beliefs, cultural factors
and types of nutrition
More than one individual in the same family
are affected by the disease
Continued

12.  Socioeconomic / demographic data: as age, family size,
education, occupation, habits, income, residence, position in
siblings, ….. etc..
 Conditions of house: available facilities
 Nutritional status, breast feeding, types of food, food
habits………..
 Marital status: divorce, death of parents
 Satisfaction with available services; attendance,
immunization coverage…..
 Prevailing health services, types
 Political, legal, religious aspects affecting Health

13. Health promotion of all people: life style
modification, health education.
Co-operation with other sectors affecting health,
change polices, put legislations
Research studies to improve health, prevent
diseases, help handicaps
Diagnosis & treatment of diseased, prevent spread
to others. Acceptable, qualified health services
Health impact assessment for all projects

14.  Community participation,
- increasing advocacy ‫الدعوة‬
- in planning or in solving social problems related to
health
- Counseling
- Share in controlling disasters
 Assessment of QOL ,quantify pensions for
disabled ‫للمتقاعدين‬ ‫المعاشات‬ ‫تحديد‬
Continued

15.  What is the basic unit
of the community or
Society????????/

16. It is the primary unit of society
It consists of group of biologically related
individuals living together and eat from the
same kitchen
Family members share common genes,
physical, social, cultural and environmental
conditions.

18.  Formation: marriage
 Extension: birth of 1st child
 Complete extension: birth of last child
 Contraction: 1st child leave home, death of
members
 Complete contraction: last child leave, death of
parents.
 Not all family cycles are the same

20.  Nuclear family: married couples &
Their dependent children
 Joint family: extended, includes married
couples and their children, in rural areas,
usually men are related by blood. All
properties in house belong to all. Senior
man has the authority, they give strength to
each other, continue family name.
 Three generation family: children, parents
and grandparents.
 Broken family: divorce, died , separated
Which is the best?? And why?? Justify your
answer?????????? Assignment??????

23. Types of families
Broken
family e.g.
divorce, died
or separated
3 generation
family
Children Parents grandparents
Joint family
Nuclear
family
Married
couples &
their
children

25.  Residence: to offer comfortable place
 Education
 Reproduction, child rearing,
 Socialization of children before school
 Economic support * Health care
 Social support during labor, stress, insults, care of
elderly, handicapped
Family acts as placenta feeding its members with
filtered beneficial habits required to be physically,
socially & mentally healthy

26. Family is the backbone of the
society

27. How??????????
Assignment for you

29.  Concept of disease etiology, treatment: evil eye,
god’s will, past mistakes, spirit or ghost‫شبح‬ ‫او‬ ‫.روح‬
use of folk remedies‫الشعبي‬ ‫,العالج‬ plants, zar, hegab
 Unsanitary environment as disposal of sewage,
refuse in street, public places, in water, animal
breading inside houses.
 Food habits: vegetarians, fasting, certain type of
cooking, utensils, additives, food staffs, male eats
more and before female
 Child labor: by daya, no antenatal care, kohl
wrapping, no bath, breast feeding

30.  Personal hygiene: bath, oral /teeth hygiene,
shared shaving, circumcision, drinking from
same cup, cutting nails, wearing shoes.
Smoking sheesha
 Early marriage, childbirth
Continued

31. Thank you