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3.  What is Biodiversity?
 Types of Biodiversity
• Species Biodiversity
• Genetic Biodiversity
• Ecosystem Biodiversity
 Benefits of Biodiversity
 Threats to Biodiversity
 Conservation of Biodiversity
• In-situ Conservation
• Ex-situ Conservation
 Biodiversity in India
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• Biodiversity, a contraction of
"biological diversity," generally
refers to the variety and variability
of life on Earth.
• It is a measure of the variety
of organisms present in
different ecosystems.
• Biodiversity include variability of
genes, variety of species and
population in different ecosystem
(terrestrial & aquatic).

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1. Genetic diversity : Variety in the
genetic makeup among individuals
within a species.
2. Species diversity : Variety among
the species or distinct types of
living organisms found in different
habitats of planet.
3. Ecosystem or ecological diversity :
Variety of forests, deserts,
grasslands, streams, lakes, oceans,
coral reefs, wetlands and other
biological communities.

7.  Biodiversity increases the
stability of ecosystems.
 Biodiversity increases resilience
of ecosystems providing them
with more strength to
recover/bounce back after something
happens.
 Biodiversity benefits agriculture.
More food=more option for
growing food and providing for
our growing population.
 Biodiversity provides an
environment rich with medicines
and related products.
 Biodiversity benefits the economy
by generating money through
tourism and recreation.
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11. • Climatic, water, soil instability.
• Productivity loss in natural &
agricultural ecosystems
• Loss of livelihood resources
• Loss of critical health/nutrition
inputs
• Less resilience for
farmers/pastoralists, narrowing
genetic base for country’s agriculture
• Loss of potential medicinal and
industrial benefits
• Erosion of traditional knowledge
base
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13.  Protecting the loss of biodiversity.
 Both in situ and ex situ methods of
biodiversity conservation are equally
important.
 Preserving the habitat is the most
important issue in the conservation of
biodiversity.
 Since chemical pesticidesare responsible
for a large no of animal deaths occuring
every year, minimizing the use of
chemical pesticides is another technique
for the survival of biodiversity.
 Conservation of biodiversity through
establishment of protected areas like
National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuary,
Biosphere Reserves, Marine Reserves etc.
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16.  India is one of the 12 mega-biodiversity
countries of the world.
 It is estimated that 70% of the world’s total
flowering plants occur in India.
 Indian gets 10th place in the world and 4th
in Asia among these 12 mega-diverse
countries.
 India has 10 biogeographic zones. They
are Trans- Himalaya, Himalaya, Desert,
Semi-arid, Western ghats, Deccan
Peninsula, Gangetic plain, Coasts, North-
East, Islands.
 It is among top 10-15 nations of the world
for its great diversity of plant life,
especially flowering plants.
 India is a source of traditional crop
varieties ranking first amongest the 12
regions of diversity of crops plants and
seventh in the contribution of agricultural
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