1. A Informative Slides On HERB + DRUG Interaction VANDANA JANGHEL Assistant Professor (M. Pharma, Pharmacognosy) (Siddhi Vinayaka Institute of Technology & Sciences, Bilaspur, C.G.) What comes from Nature + What we change in nature + What we don’t want 2. 1. What are Herb-drug interactions? 2. How herbs interact with other co administered drug ? 3. Whether they are diagnoised? 4. Are they neglected? 5. Any reports available ? 6. What is the significance of the study ? 7. Need for the study We will discuss on following points HERB + DRUG Interaction 3. Herb drugs + Allopathic drug = Some Reactions HERB + DRUG Interaction 1. When herbal medicinal products and western drugs administered together may interact each other in body leading to kinetic and dynamic alterations. 2. Herbs are often administered in combination with therapeutic drugs, raising the potential of herb-drug interactions. 3. Herbs or Herbal drugs often taken with the Allopathic drugs with belief that it will have some Beneficial effect. 4. Most of the herbal drugs are taken because of- Availability, Economic consideration and its safety 4. PharmacodynamicPharmacokinetics Herb may causes Additive Synergistic Antagonistic Unidentified Response activity in relation to conventional drug Change the Absorption Distribution Metabolism Protein binding Excretion of the drug thus changing blood level of drug HERB + DRUG Interaction 5. Diagnosis Evidence of Interaction Preclinical Trials Clinical Trials Case studies from pharmacovigilance 1 2 3 6. 1. Drug interaction is the 4th to 6th cause of death in the world. 2. About 70-80 herbs may increase the risk of bleeding. 3. Aristolochic acid from Kidamari (Aristolochia Bracteolata) is toxic. 4. Ephedra (Somlata) caused more than 54 deaths and 1600 cases of adverse reaction. Facts about Herbal Drug Interactions 7. 1. Clinician lack of adequate knowledge about Drug-herb Interaction 2. No quality control and assurance for the purity and safety. 3. No advance research in this field. 4. Blind believe or over believe in Ayurverdic medicine 5. Avoidance of patient history about drug sensitivity 6. Adulteration in herbal drug Reason for Herb-Drug Interaction Less Knowledge No Quality Control No Documentation Mythological Believe Herbal-Drug Interaction 8. PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTION Parameter Increases Decreases Absorption Ginger Fibers Green tea Mucilage containing herb Black pepper Mucilage containing herb Metabolism Guggul Grape juice Elimination Laxative (Aloe) Liquorices Diuretics herbs 9. ALOE VERA Interferes with drug absorption through Laxative action (Aloe latex) Decrease transit time Decrease Intestinal Fluids GINGKO BILOBA Decrease effectiveness of Alprazolam by decreasing its absorption. Ginkgo decreases absorption of Alprazolam rather than inducing hepatic metabolism of alprazolam. GINGER Enhance the absorption of sulfaguanidine and decreases blood sugar PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTION Herbal drugs which shows Interaction related to Absorption 1

1. Pharmaceutical Marketing
Product part 2
Lecturer: Enas Abu-Qudais

2. Product portfolio
• A product portfolio is the collection of all the products or services offered by a
company
• Many companies are multi products and serving multiple markets segments
• Portfolio planning: Managing group of brands and products

3. Portfolio Planning(analysis)
• Involves decisions on the choice of which brands/product lines
to build, hold, harvest or divest.
• Companies must decide how to distribute their limited
resources among the competing needs of products to achieve
the best performance for the company as a whole.
• Portfolio planning is done using the BCG matrix.

4. BCG growth-share matrix
Boston Consulting Group Growth-share matrix
Market
Growth
Relative Market share

5. BCG Elements
• Stars
• The market leaders in high growth markets.
• Already successful products.
• Have the Highest Profitability
• Objective is to build sales and/ or Market share
Question Marks
o They are cash drains.
o They have low profitability
o Needs investment to keep up with the Market growth
o The company has to choose(Objective): Build to turn into stars
Harvest( raise prices) or Divest (dropping or selling it)

6. • Cash Cows
• High profitability in low growth markets
• Objective: Hold sales and market share
• Excess cash is used to fund stars and
the selected question marks
Dogs
o Weak products that compete in low growth
markets
o Failed to achieve market dominance
o Objective: Harvest or divest

7. Build, harvest or
divest
Hold
Build
Harvest or divest
Question marks
Question marks
Growth Strategies

8. Product life cycle (PLC)
Conceptualizing the changes that may take place during the time that the
product is in the market

10. Stages
• Introduction : Product’s sales growth is typically low and losses
happen due to heavy development and promotional costs and no
profit.
• Growth: faster sales and profit growth.
• Maturity : peak of sales as saturation occurs
• Decline: sales and profit fall. For example due to a new technology or
change in consumer taste or demand

11. Stages objectives
Introduction Growth Maturity Decline
Strategic
marketing
objective
Build Build Hold Harvest/manage
for cash/ divest
Strategic focus Expand Market Penetration Protect share/
innovation
Productivity
Brand objective Product
awareness/Trial
Brand preference Brand Loyalty Brand
exploitation
Product Basic Differentiated Differentiated Rationalized
Promotion Creating
awareness / Trial
Creating
awareness/
Repeat purchase
Maintaining
awareness/Repeat
purchase
Cut/eliminated
Price High Lower Lowest Rising
Distribution Patchy Wider Intensive Selective

12. Product strategies for growth
(Ansoff matrix)
A matrix the determines how growth can be achieved through product
strategy to look for growth opportunities.

13. Ansoff matrix
Market penetration: growing existing products in existing
markets(Growing sales).
Product development: Developing new products for existing markets.
Market development: taking existing products and marketing them in new
markets.
Diversification: developing new products for new markets.
Most risky strategy