The document discusses C++ concepts like static data members, static member functions, static objects, constant data members, and constant member functions through examples. It includes code snippets demonstrating how to declare and use static data members and static member functions. It also shows examples of constant data members, constant member functions, and constant objects in C++.

1. Prepared by
Mohammed Sikander
Technical Lead
Cranes Software International Limited

2. This document will help you to understand the
concepts of C++ through simple programs.The
topics covered in this document are
 Static Data Members
 Static Member Functions
 Static Objects
 Constant Data Members
 Constant Member Functions
 Constant Objects
mohammed.sikander@cranessoftware.com 2

3. class TestStatic
{
int a;
static int s;
};
int main( )
{
cout << sizeof(TestStatic ) << endl;
}
mohammed.sikander@cranessoftware.com 3

4. class TestStatic
{
public : int a;
static int s;
};
int main( )
{
TestStatic obj;
obj.a = 5;
obj.s = 8;
cout << obj.a <<“ “ <<obj.s << endl;
}
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5. class TestStatic
{
public : int a;
static int s;
};
int TestStatic::s ;
int main( )
{
TestStatic obj;
obj.a = 5;
obj.s = 8;
cout << obj.a <<“ “ <<obj.s << endl;
}
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6. class TestStatic
{
public : int a;
static int s;
};
int TestStatic::s ;
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int main( )
{
TestStatic sagar , maha;
sagar.a = 5 ; sagar.s = 5;
maha.a = 10 ; maha.s = 10;
cout <<sagar.a << sagar.s << endl;
cout << maha.a << maha.s << endl;
}

7. class Student {
public :
int m_regno;
string m_name;
static int count;
Student(string name) {
m_regno = ++count;
m_name = name;
}
void display( ) {
cout <<m_regno << m_name;
}
};
int Student::count = 0;
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int main( )
{
Student s1(“CHETHAN”);
Student s2(“ATHIRA”);
Student *ptr;
ptr=new Student(“NAVEEN”);
s1.display( );
s2.display( );
ptr->display( );
}

8. class Student {
public :
int m_regno;
string m_name;
static int count;
//Appropriate constructors
are written
void display( ) {
cout << m_name << count;
}
static void print( ) {
cout << m_name << count;
}
};
int Student::count = 0;
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int main( )
{
Student s1(“CHETHAN”);
Student s2(“ATHIRA”);
s1.display( );
s2.display( );
s1.print( );
s2.print( );
}

9. class Student {
public :
int m_regno;
string m_name;
static int count;
//Appropriate constructors
are written
void display( ) {
cout << m_name << count;
}
static void print( ) {
cout << count;
}
};
int Student::count = 0;
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int main( )
{
Student s1(“CHETHAN”);
Student s2(“ATHIRA”);
s1.display( );
s2.display( );
Student::print( );
Student::print( );
}

10. class Student
{
Student obj;
};
Int main( )
{
cout << sizeof(Student);
}
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class Student
{
static Student obj;
};
Int main( )
{
cout << sizeof(Student);
}

11. mohammed.sikander@cranessoftware.com 11
class Student
{
static Student obj;
Student( ) { }
public :
static Student *getInstance( )
{
return &obj;
}
void display( )
{
cout <<“Display Function”;
}
};
Student Student::obj;
int main( )
{
Student s1;
Student *ptr;
ptr = Student::getInstance( );
ptr->display( );
}

12.  Can static objects invoke non-static
functions. Demonstrate through code
mohammed.sikander@cranessoftware.com 12

13. class Student{
int m_regno;
string m_name;
public :
Student(int regno ,string name) {
m_regno = regno;
m_name = name;
}
void display( ) {
cout <<“Non-static Function n”;
cout << m_regno <<“ “<<m_name << endl;
}
};
int main( ) {
static Student s(1 , “SIKANDER”);
s.display( );
}
mohammed.sikander@cranessoftware.com 13

14. class Test
{
int a ;
const int b;
public : Test( ) {
a = 0;
b = 0;
}
void print( ) {
cout <<a <<“t” << b << endl;
}
};
int main( )
{
Test t1;
t1.print( );
}
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15. class Test
{
int a ;
const int b;
public : Test( ) : b(0)
{
a = 0;
}
void print( ) {
cout <<a <<“t” << b << endl;
}
};
int main( )
{
Test t1;
t1.print( );
}
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16. class Test
{
int a ;
const int b;
public : Test(int x , int y ) : b(y){
a = x;
}
void print( ) const ;
};
void Test::print( )
{
cout <<a <<“t” << b << endl;
}
int main( )
{
Test t1 = Test(5 , 10);
t1.print( );
}
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17. class MyStack
{
public :
int *buffer;
int top;
const int SIZE ;
public :
MyStack(int sz = 5)
{
top = -1;
SIZE = sz;
buffer = new int[sz];
}
};
Sikander 17
int main( )
{
MyStack s1 = MyStack(10);
cout << sizeof(s1);
}

18. 1. classTest {
2. int a ;
3. const int b;
4. public :Test(int x , int y ) : b(y){
5. a = x;
6. }
7. void print( ) const {
8. ++a;
9. ++b;
10. }
11. void display( ) {
12. ++a;
13. ++b;
14. }
15. };
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1. int main( )
2. {
3. Test t1 =Test(5 , 10);
4. t1.print( );
5. t1.display( );
6. }

19. 1. classTest {
2. int a ;
3. const int b;
4. public :Test(int x , int y ) : b(y){
5. a = x;
6. }
7. void print( ) const {
8. ++a;
9. ++b;
10. }
11. void display( ) {
12. ++a;
13. ++b;
14. }
15. };
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1. int main( )
2. {
3. Test t1 =Test(5 , 10);
4. t1.print( );
5. t1.display( );
6. }

20. 1. classTest
2. {
3. int a ;
4. const int b;
5. public :Test(int x , int y ) : b(y) {
6. a = x;
7. }
8. void print( ) const {
9. cout <<a << b << endl;
10. }
11. void display( ) {
12. cout <<a << b << endl;
13. }
14. };
15. int main( )
16. {
17. const Test t1 =Test(5 , 10);
18. t1.print( );
19. t1.display();
20. }
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21. 1. classTest
2. {
3. int a ;
4. const int b;
5. public :Test(int x , int y ) : b(y) {
6. a = x;
7. }
8. void funa( ) const {
9. }
10. void funb( ) {
11. }
12. };
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1. Data member a can be modified in funa;
2. Data member a can be modified in funb;
3. Data member b can be modified in funa;
4. Data member b can be modified in funb;

22. mohammed.sikander@cranessoftware.com 22

23. classA
{
public :
A( ) {
cout <<"Default Constructor " << endl;
}
A(int x){
cout <<"A Para Constructor "<<endl;
}
~A( ){
cout <<"A Destructor "<<endl;
}
void operator = (constA &x){
cout <<"A = operator" << endl;
}
};
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classTest
{
A a ;
public :Test( )
{
a = 0;
}
};
int main( )
{
Test t1;
}