Molecular studies of cells are leading to discover the more complex structure and function of tissues, and how this intervenes in the pathophysiology of diseases. During years scientists have made a laborious job to understand the origin of diseases that in our society are being more prevalent than some decades ago, such as cancer and congenital malformations

1. HIDDEN CELL TYPES REVEALED: NEW
METHOD IMPROVES SINGLE-CELL
GENOMICS ANALYSES AND HOW CELLS
COMMUNICATED
Melissa Cano Bustamante
Medicine Student
3 semester

4. INTRODUCTION
 Molecular studies of cells are leading to
discover the more complex structure and
function of tissues, and how this
intervenes in the pathophysiology of
diseases. During years scientists have
made a laborious job to understand the
origin of diseases that in our society are
being more prevalent than some
decades ago, such as cancer and
congenital malformations. To get into this,
scientist must know how exactly these
structures and functions are, how they
interact with other factors in the genesis
of disease and in this way, try to develop
alternatives of treatments to these ones.

5.  HIDDEN CELL TYPES REVEALED:
NEW METHOD IMPROVES SINGLE-
CELL GENOMICS ANALYSES.
 EUROPEAN BIOINFORMATICS
INSTITUTE EMBL-EBI
 JANUARY 19, 2015

6. HIDDEN CELL TYPES REVEALED: NEW METHOD
IMPROVES SINGLE-CELL GENOMICS ANALYSES.
 By this way, in a specific tissue we
can group cells according to their
genetic expression profile and in
these groups of cells find subtypes
of cells with specific roles in
particular, in which pathological
changes of them, could explain
pathophysiology of diseases such
as neoplasms.

7. HIDDEN CELL TYPES REVEALED: NEW METHOD
IMPROVES SINGLE-CELL GENOMICS ANALYSES.
 They can can use known
molecular pathways to better
understand cancer cells,
differentiation processes and the
pathogenesis of diseases
 As analysis of the RNA sequence
of a single cell to understand how
genes are expressed in different
types of healthy tissue and
cancer.

8. HIDDEN CELL TYPES REVEALED: NEW METHOD
IMPROVES SINGLE-CELL GENOMICS ANALYSES.
 It provides data on the gene-
expression profiles of hundreds of
individual cells in a single
experiment, producing an exact
picture of the individual cell
types.
 some cells will be new and some
old, and at any given point in
time they will be at different
stages of the cell cycle. Most cell
types also have hidden sub-types,
each of which may have a
distinct function.

9. STUDENT OBSERVATION
 In my opinion, this method is important because, it let us to understand the
complexity of cell function as a consequence of its genetic material and to
find possibilities of treatment, for instance: cancer, by detecting molecular
abnormalities that with other methods remained undiscovered and by
developing new drugs that target these abnormalities.

10.  HOW CELLS COMMUNICATE
 KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
 JANUARY 14, 2015

11. HOW CELLS COMMUNICATE
 During embryonal development of
vertebrates, signaling molecules
inform each cell at which position
it is located. In this way, the cell
can develop its special structure
and function.
 that signaling molecules, which are
transmitted by bundles via long
filamentary cell projections,
indicate cells “what to do”. These
signal molecules are called
morphogenes.

12. HOW CELLS COMMUNICATE
 These morphogenes are distributed
in a heterogeneously way in tissues,
so they have different
concentrations and could activate
various genes in target cells and in
this way, they could form specific
tissues and organs and also perform
specific roles.

13. HOW CELLS COMMUNICATE
 Changes in concentration of these morphogenes could lead
to malformations during embryonal development and also
development of cancer.

14. STUDENT OBSERVATION
 I think, the discovery of these signal molecules “morphogenes”, let us to
understand how specific tissues and organs are made in embryo and to
explain how different congenital diseases such malformations are
developed. In the other hand, different external factors such as
teratogenic substances, for instance drugs (Thalidomide), could interact
with these morphogenes and alter their structure and function. It’s possible
that based in these morphogenes, scientists could develop new
alternatives in treatment of congenital disorders.

15. MEDICAL UTILITY
 According to the information derived from these studies, there is a lot of
things we could use in modern medicine. It is surprising how molecular
biology through its studies about genetics, shows the most awesome
discoveries on a single structure, which is so small and so important for life
such as the cell. We could find in cells and their inner structures, the life
enigma, its variety, changes and the most important fact in medicine such
as disease, its pathophysiology, most of it hidden in its genetic information.

16. MEDICAL UTILITY
 Development of these new technologies and discoveries form themselves
essential pieces of new options in treatment of important diseases in our
modern society, for instance Cancer, which has a big mortality worldwide
and therefore its treatment must be improved and must be harmless to our
organism. The best way to do this, is through methods and outcomes from
these studies, that represent hope and future of modern medicine.

17. HIDDEN CELL TYPES REVEALED: NEW METHOD
IMPROVES SINGLE-CELL GENOMICS ANALYSES.
 Cancer cells, differentiation processes and the pathogenesis of various
diseases can be better explored and understood when they are based
only on known, detailed cell profiles. These model now makes it possible to
create such profiles using single-cell genomics.

18. HOW CELLS COMMUNICATE
 Organisms, organs, and tissues are complex three-dimensional systems that
consist of thousands of cells of various types. During embryonal
development of vertebrates, each cell requires information on the position
at which it is located in the tissue. This position information enables the cell
to develop a certain cell type for later execution of the correct function.
This information is transmitted via signal molecules, so-called morphogenes

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL-EBI. "Hidden cell types revealed:
New method improves single-cell genomics analyses." ScienceDaily.
ScienceDaily, 19 January 2015.
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150119124553.htm
 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. "How cells communicate." ScienceDaily.
ScienceDaily, 14 January 2015.
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150114072703.htm