English Assimilation

English Assimilation
he United States is a diverse country of many different races and languages. Even though many
languages are spoken in the United States, English is the preferred language in the United States.
Speaking English in America is the key to success. Without English, acquiring employment is
almost impossible. More and more immigrants are attracted to the U.S every year, and the
populations of immigrants, which do not know the American culture, continue to rise. This
population must be assimilated into the United States in order for the population to find employment
and function in the United States. Assimilation is the process by which an outsider becomes part of a
new community by adopting its language and customs. Public schools are a vital place where the
country's customs, language, and culture, in general, can be taught. According to Ginsburg, ever
since the 1960's young immigrants and U.S born children, of immigrant parents, were sent to public
schools with little to no understanding of the English language. These students were forced to "sink
or swim." The public school offered no help to LEP students. LEP (limited English proficiency) is
term used to describe students whose level English language is low. As a result, many of these
students began to drop out, but finally in 1968, the federal government passed the Bilingual Act,
which paid special attention to students whose native language, was not English. This provided
special funding to create and maintain bilingual
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The Importance Of Bilingual Education In The United States
A common joke says "What do you call someone who speaks two languages?" in which the person
being asked the question would usually respond with "bilingual." It goes on to ask about those who
speak three or four languages, but then there is a kicker. "What does one call someone who only
speaks one language?" to which the punch line is "an American." According to the 2006 General
Social Survey, only 25 percent of American adults are fluent in a foreign language, while only 7
percent cite the source of this education to formal schooling (Devlin 1). Large amounts of evidence
point to the benefits of being multilingual. Although the United States has a few laws that help
immigrants assimilate through dual language programs, there is little to be ... Show more content on
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It is important in the United States to have a competitive workforce, and a great way to do that is to
have a society of learners that can communicate with people of other cultures and ethnic
backgrounds. Although there are efforts for teaching school children other languages, most
programs are primitive at best, left to be forgotten before the skills reach the point of relevancy.
Dual language programs should be established in the US wherever feasible to give parents, at the
very least, the choice to expand the minds of their children. Recent years have seen the inclusion of
voluntary language immersion programs in places such as Athens, Georgia, in which students are
taught from Kindergarten in two languages. These are steps in the right

Essay about Placing English Language Learners in Special...
When do English language learners need to be placed in special education?
In the United States, there has been an increase in in the number of children from Spanish speaking
backgrounds. The English Language Learners, commonly known as ELL's, are being placed in
Special Education without being properly tested for a learning disability. However there are a large
number of ELL's with learning disabilities in elementary grades that truly have a learning disability
and are over looked. Many school districts have problems placing ELL's. As a result these students
end up in special education whether they have a learning disability or language impairment.
Teachers are also indecisive when dealing with ELL's. Most teachers recommend that ELL's ...
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This is a good starting point to help teachers distinguish between a true learning disability and
learning English as a second language. If an ELL has a real learning disability then early detection is
essential. However, if an ELL does have a learning disorder and does not receive special education
for many years, because teachers were waiting for he or she to learn the language, serious
consequences could happen (Haung, Clarke, Milczarski, Raby, 2011). Students could be grade levels
behind their peers and could suffer emotionally and socially in and out of school. Some ELLs may
be able to speak in their native language, but they may not be able to read and write in it. Finally,
teachers also have to pay very close attention to ELLs. Each ELL has had a different set of
experiences and ranges of educational exposure (Haung, Clarke, Milczarski, Raby, 2011). Teachers
must push for appropriate professional development for teachers working with ELLs. Teachers are
more prepared to deliver appropriate assessment and instructional modifications to ELLs with
disabilities when they have been given appropriate professional development (Haung, Clarke,
Milczarski, Raby, 2011). There are many

Graduation Speech : Education With A Concentration On...
Hey there. If you are reading this, it is because you have greatly impacted my life. You've seen me
grow, you have encouraged me, cared for me, believed in me, and for that, I am deeply grateful.
Thank you.
So let me update you a little bit. I am currently a dual–degree student between Manhattan Christian
College and Kansas State University. At MCC, I am studying Intercultural Missions, and at KSU, I
am studying Elementary Education with a concentration on English as a Second Language. With
this, my hope and goal is to teach cross–culturally in Africa and spread the love and truth of the
Gospel. Since the moment I felt the Lord calling me to the mission field years ago, I have
anticipated the moment I would have to honor to go. I am so excited to announce that I have arrived
at that point in my life. This summer I will be spending a week in Belize and about a month in
Ghana, West Africa.
Belize, Central America: (June 5th – 11th) $1,900. This trip will be focused on serving the young
teen women in the Yes! Program. Our team from Fellowship Bible Church in Topeka will be
providing a camp for the girls, living on cite with them and loving them deeply. These young
women have seen and experienced unimaginable tragedy and heartache, many of them having
experienced abuse, neglect or abandonment by their friends and family. My specific role on this trip
is to lead the girls in worship and teach more on what worship is and why we do it.
Ghana, West Africa: (July 16th– August

Don 't Worry, It 's Of A Mexican Restaurant With Her...
Don't Worry, It's in English
A monolingual mother walks into a Mexican restaurant with her monolingual daughter. Two
Mexican waitresses converse about the weather. "They're talking about us," the mother explains to
her young in her native and only tongue. Little does the daughter know, but her mother is not only
fluent in English–but in xenophobia as well. Many Americans see no point in bilingual elementary
education because they view math, reading, and appeasing the system to be of higher value.
However, learning a foreign language in elementary school takes advantage of the human critical
period for language acquisition, meets other countries in their education systems–catching the
United States up with the rest of the developed world, and provides abundant cognitive benefits that
improve learning in various aspects.
The bedrock of biology dictates an evolutionarily advantageous yet inconvenient reality: the critical
period. It determines the window in an organism's life in which a skill or behavior can be learned. It
marks the peak of development. It heightens sensitivity. It breeds talent. It is the very root of
expertise. Even in birds, mating songs must be learned within the finite window. Learning is
confined by the rule of the critical period–and humans are no exception. Linguist Eric Lenneberg
recognized that human language is typically learned during its respective critical period–infancy
through puberty ("Language Development"). Paul Thompson, brain researcher and

Bilingual Education Controversy
The Disputation Over Bilingual Education There are many aspects of the United States' education
system that many people would agree need change or in the minimal improvement. One topic under
the education system that has had much controversy since it was first introduced is Bilingual
Education. Bilingual Education is the teaching or practice programs of two languages to teach
content ranging from kindergarten to high school. Bilingual Education programs vary in levels and
languages. Some programs are designed to assimilate non–english speakers into the English
language, others are meant develop knowledge of a completely different foreign language. Equally
the goal proficiency of the language varies drastically. Some programs are meant to teach students
the basic understandings of the language in oder to write and speak it adequately and others are
meant to allow the student to reach a fluency level. One of the most popular type of program would
be a Spanish and English program since Spanish is the second most spoken language in the United
States. The most common type if bilingual program is intended to transition native Spanish speakers
into the English language; this is way of helping kids assimilate into the American culture. However,
the use of two languages established in the education system has been a controversial idea since first
introduced. It receives differing support and has not been able to achieve a conclusive establishment
in the public school system. The

English Language Learners : Bilingual Education
During the nineteenth and early twentieth century there was no set way of how to teach an English–
language learner. Some schools practiced bilingual education. Other schools placed immigrant
children in English–language learner programs to prepare them for the English–only classroom.
Other schools segregated schools specifically for the immigrants aimed at teaching them the
language. Some schools just placed immigrant children in English–only classrooms and hoped they
would learn. Even though schools like those in New York reported that 60 percent of their student
body was immigrants in the early twentieth century, there was no law or regulation of how to teach
the students. This varied across the country and two counties in the same state could have differing
policies. It depended on the superintendent's and school board's view on language programs.
It was not until 1950 that classes started such as English as a Second Language aimed at helping
immigrant children learn the English language. In the United States in 1950 and in 2016, the most
popular language among English–language learners is Spanish; about 80 percent of English–
language learners speak Spanish as their first language. Prior to English as a Second Language
classes, immigrants exhibited a high dropout rate, they were not supported in schools. The purpose
of the English as a Second Language is not only to help students learn the English language, but also
help them succeed in their other classes by

Bilingual Education Is Effective Teaching Strategies For...
Now, let us tackle into what an experienced bilingual afterschool program coordinator and a
nonprofit organization, the National Association for Bilingual Education, have to say regarding the
filed of English Language Learning. To gain more insight from a professional standpoint, I have had
the honor to interview the coordinator of an afterschool program for immigrant children and
families, where I have been doing my service learning for the past two years. The program
coordinator's beliefs are unanimous with the four literature review findings that using paired
reading, gesture, and providing bilingual education are effective teaching strategies for English
Language Learners. Furthermore, it is crucial to recognize the strengths of ELLs and being aware of
their needs too. Paired reading will help with ELL's English fluency because it encourages children
to sound out the words to each other. It will also help them to stay focused on the books and to
cooperate or foster social interaction skills. Using gesture, or even role–play or drawings can help
children understand the readings and vocabularies in a more interesting way. Lastly, bilingual
education is crucial in ELL's learning. It helps children make connections with their native language
and English while they are reading or speaking, and making connections between their home culture
and the U.S. culture is a great way to help the children enjoy learning a new language. When
working with English Language Learners, the

The Learning Theories Of English Language Education
This qualitative study is designed to answer the following primary question: What are the learning
theories of English language education that are used in the Palestinian Refugee Camps in Jordan and
Israel? This question will branch into the following three secondary questions:
1– What are the sociocultural and socio– economic, gender, literacy, political conflict, religion, race,
political stability, religion, sexual identity aspects and their influence in English language education
in an extra ordinary and a challenging learning environment?
2– What are the strategies used to deal with refugee students limited English language literacy with
relevance to previous leanings and prior experiences that influence their current English language
acquisition?
3– What is the contextual and relational nature of the students' identity in the refugees' schools?
My interest in this study stems from my bilingual, political and social background. My birth and
rowing up in Jerusalem in the seventies of the last century made me aware of certain historical wars
that led the Palestinians to flee from their homeland in Palestine in 1948 and 1967, Lebanon in 1970
and Syria in 2011 enhanced my understand about Palestinian Refugees dilemmas including
education. Additionally, this topic is relevant to my ESL teaching background and being an
instructor who taught English as a second language in the Mediterranean and Arabian Gulf countries
between 1985–2011.
I am highly motivated and

The Benefits Of Foreign Language
Verbal language is how the human race communicates. Without it, nations would be severed from
the worldly ties it needs to survive. A hundred years ago language loss wasn't a concern, but now, it
threatens the world. There is a great urgency for plurilingual people amongst the military, political,
business, and international world, particularly in the U.S. If efforts are not taken to increase foreign
language capabilities amongst the people of America, the future of cross–cultural communication
will be grim. Foreign language understanding is crucial in society, and so a greater effort should be
taken to educate the students of America for the benefit of globalization.
In the United States, foreign language study is in huge decline. In the past, the U.S. has attempted
foreign language study. In fact, 100 years ago the United States' foreign language study was roughly
similar to Europe's foreign language study (King). But, "after the United States entered World War
I... almost half the U.S. states criminalized the teaching of German or other foreign languages in
schools" (King). This was because the United States was nervous that German speakers could
transmit secret war information. Now, over the decades, foreign language study has plateaued,
especially in the U.S. In fact, "in some states, fewer than 10 percent of students are learning
languages other than English, painting a grim picture of foreign language education in U.S. public
schools" (Mitchell). The young students of

Bilingual Vs. Ban On Bilingual Education
Yan Zhi Chen
Sharada Balachandran–Orihuela
Paper 3
Word Count:1532
Bilingual Education to ban or not to ban?
When we speak about this country–The United States of America–we automatically think of the
great number of languages people speak in this country. Take California as an example. It is one of
the border states of America, and this state is made up mostly of immigrants. As a result, most
people in this state are either bilingual or even trilingual. In order for the immigrant students to
become integrated into this country, they must learn English, and Bilingual Education can help them
assimilate faster to this new country. Nevertheless, people continue to vote against and ban Bilingual
Education because they believe that if the student is here in America, he or she should be treated the
same as the native speakers in order to save money and for him or her to better fit in. Even though
many people criticize bilingual education, I personally am one of the supportive fans of it because
Bilingual Education allows new immigrant students to learn English at a reasonable pace, assimilate
to a new environment, maintain their academic specialties, and not to fall behind.
What is Bilingual Education? The term refers to the practice of teaching non–English speaking
children in their native language, and was developed in the 1960's; these programs were intended to
allow students to progress in science, math and social studies while they learned English in a
separate class.

Education of the English Language Learner
The purpose of this paper is to compare two different approaches in the education of English
Language Learner (ELL) students, Structured English Immersion, and Two–Way Immersion
programs. The focus of this paper is to identify (1) the language ideologies behind both approaches,
and each program's purpose and components. This article also looks at the academic achievement of
ELLs, the achievement gap between general education students and ELLs, and the programs'
approach to different variables such as parental involvement, and teacher preparation. Implication
for future research is also discussed. Introduction Language policy in the United States is shaped by
language ideologies of policy makers, and the societies' beliefs in issues such as immigration,
language, culture, and national diversity (Menken & Solorza, 2012). In the last decades, the
education of ELLs has been one of the most discussed and researched aspects of education, due to
the increase of English Language Learners in schools, including a large percentage of Hispanic
immigrants. The United States has a long history of discrimination and oppression that resulted from
events such as the English only movement, 1864 Congress prohibition of teaching Native students
in their home language, and the Meyers v. State of Nebraska case, when teaching in a language other
than English was prohibited. Anti–foreign sentiment after wars such as World War I and II, is
another factor that negatively impacted bilingual

Curriculum Development Paper
Development of curriculum content that implements strategies and methods that enhance Language
Acquisition.
Presented by:
Presented to:
Institution:
Contents
a) Grade/developmental level
b) Education needs and rational
c) Theoretical perspective
d) Learning objectives
e) Content outline
f) Strategies and methods
g) Resources
h) Lesson plans
i) references
Grade/ developmental level
This paper develops a lesson plan for an Education Program on language acquisition. The target
group is children in level 1 learning a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
c) English syllables.

d) Spelling of basic words.
e) Words meaning.
f) Words plural.
g) Tenses (past, present and future).
h) Sentence construction (simple sentences).
Strategies and methods: includes listening, observation, alliteration, singing, writing and answering
questions.
Resources: Elementary English books, Learner's dictionary for beginners, assorted charts
(alphabetical, pictures etc), models and a mock shop.
Lesson plans:
Lesson 1.
Objective: by the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to identify and pronounce the 5
vowels and the first 10 consonants.
|Lesson/period |Topic |Sub–topic |Reference |Resource |
|1 |English Alphabet |Vowels and first 10 |Elementary English Book. |Wall chart with letters. |
| | |consonants | |Model plastic letters. |
Lesson 2.
Objective: by the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to identify and pronounce the last 11
consonants.
|Lesson/period |Topic |Sub–topic |Reference |Resource |
|2 |English Alphabet |Last 11 consonants

English Language Learners: Bilingual Education
Vanielle Williams
Letourneau University
Abstract
English Language Learners are children whose primary language is not English. This paper will
include important topics such as: strategies for classroom teachers, How to adjust classroom
instruction, and facilitating language learning. This will help guide new and existing teachers in the
ELL process. I will discuss do and don't with Ell's and also different classroom strategies. It is not
always easy to remember to be mindful of all students when planning instruction but this paper will
help with all aspects of ELL learners and things that we must do when it comes to teaching these
learners.
What are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Different knowledge should be related to this idea. Teachers should also start every lesson by
writing a content objective on the board. At the conclusion of the class, the teacher must make sure
that the objective has been satisfied. Classroom teachers also need to set language objectives for the
ELL's in their class (Haynes, 2010.) A language objective can be new vocabulary, fining the nouns
in lessons, or applying grammar rules.
Modify vocabulary instruction for ELL's English language learners need direct instruction of new
vocabulary (Haynes, 2010.) Educators must provide practice saying new words. ELL's should have
more exposure to new terms, words, idioms, and phrases than their English fluent classmates.
Educators must tie new vocabulary to previous knowledge and use pictorials to highlight
significance. Content area Educators are encouraged to teach new vocabulary that occurs in text as
well as that related the subject materials.
Use cooperative learning

The Main Agents Of Change
This research aims to investigate the response of the main agents of change namely the educators
and administrators in Malaysia, to adopt the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR).
It specifically focuses on the interaction between the borrowed language policy and the agents
(administrators and educators) at the tertiary level of education and the ultimate aim is to investigate
how the macro level policy is acted out at micro level. To begin with, this research will examine on
how the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) has responded to overcome the insufficient level of
English proficiency particularly among graduates in Malaysia. Next, by drawing on various
theoretical resources on borrowed language policy as well as the concept of governmentality as a
theoretical framework of investigation, this research seeks to explore the extent to which this
language policy is embedded into the practices through the concept of governmentality. In addition,
this research will reveal the direction of localizing the global language policy that has taken place in
the respective institution by the administrators and educators, thus providing a better understanding
on the implementation of the policy. Finally, this research will also identify the challenges and
advantages of the existing language syllabus and institution's practices in line with the CEFR policy.
In this first chapter, I will describe and introduce the readers to the contextual background of the
research which

English Language Education : A Means Of Liberation And A...
and education in general as a means of liberation and a passport to enter the gateway of prosperity.
Also, English language learning is viewed as an opportunity to excel in harsh extraordinary
economy and lifestyle through the achievement of self –identity and growth through learning a
foreign language. On another note, it is important to mention that political factors such as curfews,
road dangers and road blocks, check points, limited funding and shelling in Gaza create challenging
obstacles to foreign language learning. Adding to the challenges are social factors, especially those
with relevance to females such as gender inequality and early marriages in a tribal society.
Palestinian refugees value English education as a means of liberation and a passport to enter the
gateway of prosperity. It will be worthwhile to investigate if English language education liberated
them and how it influenced their lives in the previous years, especially females. On the other hand,
Palestinian refugees in Syria learn all lessons in Arabic and start French in later stages, while in
Lebanon and Jordan refugee camps they learn English subject from the fifth grade. Some projects
such as LEAP (Shine, parfè, aspire, and rise) in the refugee camp in Lebanon provide a space and an
opportunity for growth for Palestinian refugee youth to enhance their English proficiency, empower
their analytical skills, and language capabilities through academic studies, and explore English
language learning in

English Language Learners : Education, Cognitive Abilities...
English language learners are students who are unable to communicate fluently or learn effectively
in English. They require specialized or modified instruction in both the English language and in
their academic courses. As a future teacher I have the responsibility to provide adequate instruction
that help build on students' education, cognitive abilities and English proficiency. I will recognize
and understand that ELL students come with their own language and culture. This is a benefit to
their academic success.
As a new Math teacher the biggest challenge that I will have to face is when it comes to bring
language and math instruction together, because Math requires language proficiency to solve word
problems, understanding and using ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For students who are learning a second language, school can represent a heavy task. As teachers we
need to support them and pay attention to their language needs. There are many strategies and ways
to educate English Language Learner students. However as educators we must first create an
environment of respect and include English Language Learner students in our teaching lessons. We
also need to provide them with meaningful and comprehensible lessons that will help them grown
academically. My three major goals that I have for my ELL students is build on students '
background knowledge to increase comprehension, increase ELL students ' English language
production and peer interaction, and increase ELL parent involvement. First of all, to accomplish my
goals I have to create an environment in which students are motivated to learn no matter their
culture, and language.
Knowing students' background is beneficial for them, because as teacher I can provide them with
relevant background knowledge about a topic to be discussed in class. In addition to that, I can
activate my students existing knowledge of a subject. As well, by knowing my students background
knowledge, I can increase my students' interests in learning. "Teachers can work creatively to elicit
background knowledge from students on content topics in order to increase comprehension of the
material" [ColorinColorado]. My plan to accomplish this goal will be first finding out basic facts

Importance Of English Essay
English is a widely accepted language in the scenario of today. It has become 'global language' and
we can say has often been referred to as, the lingua franca of the modern era. English as a second
language is currently most often taught around the world. In India, the purpose of English is not
only for to make communication with the outside world, but also for within inter–state. There is the
great ethnic and linguistic diversity. Because of the great diversity within our nation, English as a
language played a significant role as an indispensable 'link' language. With the tremendous
revolution in the Information Technology sector, various software and operating systems have been
developed in the English language and English has become a great medium for written and oral
communication. Due to communicative and educative value which English as a language has
achieved and established itself as the world's most important language. The world has recognized its
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has been considered as Language is like a system with its characteristics. In India English has
established as the most important language and set up as the associate language. English is the
second spoken language in India after Hindi and probably the first in reading and writing language
in India. In India, the purpose of English is not only for to make communication with the outside
world, but also for within inter–state. Indians' minds have accepted English language for better
education, culture, higher intellect and bright future. Indians are using English with Indian language
simultaneously in their conversation and move to speak fluent English. English also facilitates the
communication among Indians of different language speakers. Thus English language has become
the language of legal, financial, educational and business in

Implications Of Dual Language Immersion
Dual language education benefits both English dominant students and English language learners
with a goal of helping students to become bilingual, bicultural and biliterate. This paper will explore
the Implications of Dual Language Immersion programs in US schools. While dual–language
education has existed in the United States for roughly two centuries, and it reached its height of
popularity in the 1970s, the use of dual–language education in public schools has declined
significantly in recent decades due to legislative actions that have sought to limit its use. When used,
dual–language education is generally seen as a way to ensure that non–English–speaking students,
or students who are not yet proficient in English, are given equitable opportunities to succeed in and
complete their education. While schools and teachers may use a wide variety of dual–language
strategies, each with its own specific instructional goals, the programs are typically designed to
simultaneously develop English fluency, content knowledge, and academic language–the
knowledge, skills, and cultural proficiencies needed to succeed in an academic program.
The overview of Dual Language Programs which there are four main types, one of them are two–
way dual language programs are made up of ELLs fluent in the partner language and English–
speaking peers. Developmental, or maintenance, bilingual programs which enroll primarily students
who are native speakers of the partner language. Foreign language

Proficecy Tests For English Language
131. Proficency Test
A proficency test is a general term which might be defined as testing someone's ability or capability
in performing something.In education,especially in language learning, it is used to determine how
someone is proficient or talented in a certain field of language. The objective of a proficency test is
to evaluate how well an individual uses the language in real–life circumstances and it focuses on the
overall language proficency or comptence,not a specific skill of language such as 'writing skill'.
A language proficency test can be divided into two categories as 'language proficency tests for
native speakers of that language' and 'foreign language proficency tests for second language
learners'. English Language proficiency tests for native speakers of English are applied for those
whose mother tongue is English. However, foreign language proficency tests for second language
learners are applied for those whose dominant second language is English. As English is accepted as
an international language, there are a great deal of proficiency tests for non–native speakers of
English Language.Here are some examples of proficiency tests for non–native speakers of English:
1–) The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) : The International English
Language Testing System (IELTS) is one of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, the test is based on real life and everyday life situations. STAMP 4S assess the ability
of the speakers of the language corresponding to the Benchmark Levels which are originated from
national standards. The candidates are able to test themselves via (www.stamptest.net) which is the
website for STAMP

General Education Classroom Teachers Are Responsible For...
General education classroom teachers are responsible for providing the primary instruction for
English Language Learners (ELLs) development in English literacy skills (Thompson, 2004).
Supplying ample resources to accommodate ELLs inside and outside of the classroom are essential
as the number of ELL students has grown steadily. According to research, "one out of four of all
children in the United States are from immigrant families, and in most cases these children speak a
language other than English at home" (Samson & Collins, 2012 p. 4). Further research suggests,
"students from a non–English speaking home and background account for the fastest growing
population of children in the kindergarten through twelfth grade setting (Short & ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
3). Some ELL students may start school without any English language skills, while others may have
"limited language proficiency or dual language deficiency in both their native language and English"
(p. 3). Just as native English speakers, ELL students also have different levels of intellectual
abilities; however, their struggle with school in English may be related to background knowledge
and not solely on intellectual abilities (Short & Echevarria, 2004). Samson and Collins (2012),
purposes if school districts, administrations, and teachers want to see improvements in achievement
for ELLs, "greater continuity in how general education teachers are prepared by teacher–education
programs, certified by states and evaluated by local education agencies, or LEAs, is essential. By
making sure that the special needs of ELLs are addressed at multiple stages of the teacher
preparation process, schools may gain higher quality
Running Head: TEACHER EDUCATION 3 teachers of ELLs and more importantly, higher
outcomes for ELLs (p. 9). De Jong and Harper (2005) consider instruction that takes concern to,
"explicit attention in linguistic and cultural needs of ELLs is lacking in most teacher preparation
programs" (p. 101).
In order to become a teacher, an individual must take education coursework, evaluations through
student teaching and passing state teacher examinations (Samson & Collins, 2012).

Department Of Education Trio Grant, The Ub Program For...
For instance, funded by the U.S. Department of Education TRIO Grant, the UB Program for English
Language Learners (ELL) at Rowan University focuses on providing college preparatory activities
and supportive services to low income students in grades 9 or 10 who are able to maintain their GPA
at 2.0, who are highly recommended by their teachers or counselors, and who have the desire for
higher education (Rowan University at Camden, 2015). The Rowan UB Program continuously
identifies and recruits competitive students who are interested in learning English as their
preparation for their future academic success and postsecondary attainment.
The Upward Bound program seeks to engage youth in a positive program that helps them focus on
preparing for a bright future in a safe haven where they can receive support from mentors and
teachers. Working with high school and college staff, the Upward Bound program opens new
opportunities to motivate more ELL students to pursue higher learning. Therefore, in relation to UB
pre–college programs nationwide, this study aims to explore the academic, social, and emotional
needs of ELL students who participated in the Rowan's UB Pre–college Program.
The qualitative research findings and recommendations presented in this study can help facilitate the
inclusion of students with diverse needs within a larger college community. Second, any suggestions
made for the UB program can help inform the high schools and colleges on how to prepare and

Benefits Of Foreign Language Education
Foreign language education has always been less of a priority than any other subject and has always
been a thought towards the end of secondary school education. In schools, there is no exposure to
any other languages other than English for most people until high school. If students do take a
foreign language in high school, many don't continue learning in college and therefore never
actually become fluent in other languages. Foreign language education has shown to have benefits
that would greatly help students develop. Learning a foreign language can develop cognitive
abilities and increase cognitive processing as well as develop analytical skills, and these benefits can
only be acquired when there is a good grasp of the language. Another problem is how foreign
language education is largely focused on European languages such as French or Spanish. More than
half the most commonly spoken languages in the world are Asian languages but foreign language
education barely covers Asian languages. Learning Asian languages would help make interactions
with businesses and governments of Asian countries a lot better in today's globalized world. Schools
are starting to teach more Mandarin but other Asian languages are still not being taught widely.
Incorporating Asian languages into the education system can be a great benefit in terms of trade,
communication, cultural knowledge, and diversity. There should be more of a focus on foreign
language education at a younger age and also more

What I Know, Assume, Or Imagine? Essay
What I know, assume, or imagine: To me, I never heard of bilingual education even though I come
from a city that has many Spanish–speaking, Hmong–speaking and Cambodia–speaking students.
For me, I assume bilingual education was about teaching students who speak English as their
secondary language to speak and learn the English language. It was a program that I thought was to
help students to be better at writing, speaking and know the proper grammars to help them success
in their classroom. I imagine that the classrooms have a teacher aide who would speak in the
majority language to help with their English language skills. For example, if the class have majority
Hmong then the teacher aide would be a person who speak Hmong. The teacher aide would be the
one to called the students who do not speak English as their first language to the back table and
work with them on their English by reading in their first language and then reading in English. To
me, I thought as it extra practice on the English language. To me, I never knew that bilingual
education exists. I did not get but in a bilingual education but the class I was in, did have a teacher
aide and she would spend about one hour or two hours with us and it would just be reading and
nothing else. I feel like I was special to be able to talk in my language and with other classmates that
speak the same language as me. I do not know if this count as bilingual education because no one
told me anything about it. Then all

How The Underrepresentation Of English Language Learners...
As the population of English Language Learners , otherwise known as ELLs, has been increasing
over the past few decades, so has their disproportionate representation in special education. Too
many of our ELLs are often disproportionately placed in special education programs, which may be
considered a challenge faced by both general and special educators. But what about the
underrepresentation of ELLs in the gifted and talented programs? It seems as though general
educators struggle to provide these students with sufficient educational experiences. High–potential
ELLs can be very successful in any academic setting as long as their educators provide them with
appropriate strategies and tools so they can learn content and the English language simultaneously.
The information provided in this paper is to inform educators what they need to know and specific
strategies and tools that can be used in educating high–potential ELLs. The federal definition of
learners with gifts and talents is,
[Students who are gifted] give evidence of high achievement capability in areas such as intellectual,
creative, artistic or leadership capacity, or in specific academic field, and who need services or
activities not ordinarily provided by the school in order to fully develop those capabilities. ( No
Child Left Behind Act of 2001 [NCLB], 2002, p. 526)
Also, according to the U.S. Department of Education, "Outstanding talents are present in children
and youth from all cultural groups,

Why Do People Learn Foreign Language Essay
Introduction
People start learning foreign languages because of various reasons and for different purposes. But
despite all their personal factors and goals, probably most of them will agree that at this time
knowing foreign languages is very important. It can be because of the number of reasons. The first
reason is that knowledge of a foreign language is a necessity nowadays. This factor may be applied
to many learners, for example, students who have to pass their college entrance exams or it may be a
compulsory module at university. Sometimes people have to know foreign languages in order to
have a good job and get a higher salary or if they must know other languages except their native one
because of their work, for example, diplomats or interpreters. Another reason is a strong will to be a
part of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
No doubt that more and more people want to be a part of this international community by using
English as a global language, language that can help people from different countries to understand
each other. Therefore, English also affects educational system and educational policies around the
world and its role is growing very fast in higher

English As A Medium Instruction Essay
English as a Medium Instruction (EMI)
English as a medium of instruction has developed as a global trend for a range of reasons.
Nowadays EMI is truly a global phenomenon. In this literature review, I look at the historical
backgrounds of EMI in three periods prior to a global phenomenon. What is more, I reflect upon the
current developments of EMI at tertiary education focusing on the spread of EMI into the global
universities, EMI in European universities, EMI in Asian universities and EMI in Thai universities.
In each section, I link the current literature review to my initial research at the end of the sections in
order to form my research grounds.
1. The Historical Backgrounds of EMI
This section outlines the historical background of EMI in terms of a paradigm shift in teaching
content subjects through the English language. This section provides information under three EMI
periods, namely before, during and after transitional EMI periods.
Before an EMI period in the 1980s, Content–based Instruction (CBI) and Content and Language
Integrated Learning (CLIL) were the well–known approaches to teach subject contents through a
second or foreign language (L2) in western countries. CBI is an approach to L2 teaching that
focuses on the target language and content (Brinton, Snow, & Wesche, 1989; Crandall & Tucker,
1990). Swain and Johnson (1997) pointed out that CBI is most often associated with the genesis of
language immersion education in North America in 1965. They

Educating English Language Learners: History of Lau vs....
Educating English Language Learners
History of Lau v. Nichols The Supreme Court caseÂ Lau v. NicholsÂ is truly a landmark case when
it comes to public education, the rights of language learners and, in a bigger picture, the treatment of
immigrants. Chinese American students residing in San Francisco and attending public schools there
were responsible for this truly momentous case. These students, native Chinese speakers, and
knowing very little English, were placed in standard classrooms where English proficiency/fluency
was required and left to struggle for their own survival (Wright, 2010). The public school district of
San Francisco defended their actions, arguing that these students were receiving the exact same
treatment as other students (Wright, 2010). This was of course true aside from the grotesque
inequality that all the native English speakers in the classroom could understand everything that was
presented, and to the Chinese American students, it was largely unfathomable. It's worth mentioning
that these Chinese American students were indeed in a difficult position; one which must have felt
extremely daunting to them, particularly given the fact that they were required to attend all of these
academic classes which were in a language they couldn't understand. It's important to understand
that the San Francisco Unified School District did put forth an effort to help bridge the language gap
for these students albeit an incredibly paltry one. For instance in

Essay on English Language Learners and Education
As our nation shifts towards a more culturally diverse population both educators and families have
to find a common ground to ensure that English Language Learners are academically successful. All
stakeholders must carefully consider the social cultural impact on an ELL education. The process of
raising bilingual learners take more than a language a school and a language learned at home. The
transition must have a purpose and a goal.
Collaborative Practices of English Language Learners and Schools Educating a student takes a
massive amount of collaboration between schools, communities and families. It is often said that it
takes a village to raise a child and this saying is truer when it is applied to a child coming to
America ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In order to be effective and affective educators we need to understand how the new culture will
affect them and why. Educators must understand that children are always affected by the perceptions
and cultural acceptance of their parents. Parents can choose to assimilate or isolate themselves in the
new community. This move is detrimental in the ELL attitude towards their new cultural
surroundings. Cultural Diversity has lead schools to promote dual language and bilingual programs
for ELL students. However, raising bilingual children according to Marsha Rosenberg is not
something that simply happens. Parents must carefully consider how they will raise their children in
their new culture. Unfortunately, many parents often forget that neglecting their primary language in
the process of raising their children will only hurt them in the long run. However, what they fail to
understand is that our current society insists on developing diverse learners, who can speak two or
more languages and are diverse (Gensee, n.d). Therefore, in order to raise bilingual students they
parents must provide the children with rich experiences at home as well as in a variety of settings
(Broekhuizen, n.d.). Furthermore, families need to maintain a close family unity and sense of
belonging when dealing with the bilingual issue at home. Locally, both United ISD and Laredo ISD
have

English Language Learners : An Article Within The Handbook...
Introduction English language learners and partnerships with families, communities, teacher
preparation, and schools is an article within the Handbook of Urban Education written by Ana
Christina Dasilva Iddings, Mary Carol Combs and Luis C. Moll which focus on creating
partnerships with families, communities, teacher preparation and schools to help English Language
Learners become more successful in school. Doctors Ana Iddings and Mary Combs are Associate
Professors from the University of Arizona who conducted research on how to help English language
learners become successful in grades Kindergarten through 12 along with Dr. Luis Moll who is a
Professor Emeritus from the named university. Dr. Iddings has conducted individual research on
many topics, one being the education and professional development of teachers to work with
English language learners (ELLs) and their families. Dr. Combs currently teaches courses in
bilingual and English as a Second Language (ESL) courses on the graduate and undergraduate
levels. Dr. Moll's main research was conducted in education of Latino children in the United States.
Summary
"The partnerships between Latino immigrant families, teachers, community members, and
university faculty towards the education of ELLs (p 188)" was the focus of the conducted research
of the by Iddings, Combs, and Moll (2014). Within this text, the authors felt that if schools formed
partnerships with parents of ELL students, the students would be more successful.

The English Language Learner Is Defined By The Individuals...
An English language learner is defined as someone who "has sufficient difficulty speaking, reading,
writing, or understanding the English language and whose difficulties may deny such individual the
opportunity to learn successfully in classrooms where the language of instruction is in English"
(Ortiz, Woika, 2013, p. 2). As defined by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), a
child with a disability has "mental retardation, hearing impairments (including deafness), speech or
language impairments, visual impairments (including blindness), serious emotional disturbance,
orthopedic impairments, autism, traumatic brain injury, other health impairments, or specific
learning disabilities; and who, by reason thereof, needs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a student is both an English language learner and has a learning disability, their educational needs
become inherently more complex. However, through research on the needs of English language
learners with disabilities, on various case laws, and by participating in lectures on the topics of
English language learners and students with learning disabilities, I have come to a clearer
understanding of these unique needs as well as the processes necessary to identify, evaluate, and
work with these students. Prior to the 1960s, both English language learners and students with
disabilities were often segregated from their peers, given inadequate instruction, and inappropriately
assessed (Ortiz, Woika, 2013). This began to change when, with the holding of Brown vs. board of
Education (1954), a principle for equal educational opportunities for all students was brought to
fruition (Yell, 1998). After this decision, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 prohibited the
discrimination of people on the basis of race, color, or national origin in the operation of federally
assisted programs. Further, to

The English Language Higher Education Essay
The english language Higher education associated with Instruction can be an certified, for–profit
school recognized in Indianapolis, Indiana, supplying on the internet College student as well as
Debase associated with Educating diploma programs.
Inhabitant Higher education associated with Education grants Masteral Degrees inside a
demonstrate associated with qualifications programs, which includes a Leader associated with
Reproduction in Educational Commanders, Get good at associated with Instruction in Curriculum as
well as Articles, Leader associated with Instruction in Curriculum as well as Quite happy with ESL
Niche, Swayer associated with Pedagogy in Curriculum as well as Quite happy with Bilingual
Specialisation along with a Get good at associated with Lessons in Educational Area. Impotence. N.
as well as Impotence. Utes. in Activity degrees have been launched in 2013. All programs are
trained on the internet. Sloping several yet another high continuous pedagogy programs, Terrain
Higher education associated with Pedagogy won 't point out their people to be able to hump this
GRE.
Inhabitant Higher education associated with Reproduction was officially bundled in Algonquian
about Feb 25, 2005. Lots incorporation, this obtained this individual brace (the pedagogue
programming) associated with Barat Higher education. Inhabitant Higher education associated with
Knowledge forthwith put on The bigger Purchase Put money from the Northeasterly Middlemost
Ram associated with

Language Barrier: Bilingual Education vs. English...
Bilingual teaching in American schools is it good, bad, or both? Who is right in this national debate?
Both sides make some impressive arguments for their side of the issue. Even the government has
mixed issues when it comes to bilingual teaching. However, the government has shown their views
in their budgets and their law making. Another question comes up with the bilingual teaching is
should America make English its official language? Some say there is no need for it, and yet 22
states as of 1996 declared English their official language. Looking into some of these issues may
bring some insight as to what the problem may be. With the debate over bilingual education,
Kenneth Jost covers some of the history in teaching in his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Craig Donegan's article "Debate Over Bilingualism" states, after World War One, "15 states declared
English the basic language for teaching" (62). Many states forbid usage of any language but English
in the schools. Until the 1960's when Donegan relates, "Congress passed immigration reforms that
resulted in a flood of immigrants from Latin America, the Caribbean and Asia" (62). Schools found
with the inflation of non–English speaking students, they arranged to make changes to accommodate
these students. On the other side of the debate, will be Mrs. Morales in a National Public Radio
interview hosted by Neary Lynn and Douglas Ward in the article "Should all students be bilingual?"
While Naomi Dillon in her article, "Language Test" takes both sides of the debate. With so many
immigrants flooding into America, how the children were taught came under scrutiny. Most schools
with large numbers of Spanish–speaking students went to bilingual education. Schools would teach
the children in their native language first and then teach them English. However, this would take
several years and some opposed the amount of time to teach English to a proficient level. Another
problem with this is the lack of qualified teachers. According to Naomi Dillon's article, Language
Test, "most of California's ELL [English Language Learner] students are taught by

Should the United States Make English the Official language?
According to the 2011 census, over 20.8 percent of the United States population spoke another
language other than English (www.us–english.org). Language barriers, cultural differences, and
immigration have been a part of life in the United States for decades. Language is considered a vital
tool in the construction of someone's identity and an expression of culture. In the last 200 years
immigrants have chosen to make the United States their home, but some proceeded with caution by
slowly adapting to the English language and culture.
If a country doesn't have an official language is usually due to distinct historical or cultural reasons.
As I began reading articles on this topic, I was amazed that the great country I live in doesn't have ...
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According to research, over 322 languages are spoken in the United States as of 2014 (www.us–
english.org). In James Crawford article, he stated that one in seven US residents speak another
language other than English, which shows that bilingualism is on a rise (1). Many immigrant
households are bilingual because the children of immigrants grow up speaking their parent's native
language at home and English at school or other places. This normally means the parents most like
migrated to the United States during their adult years and don't really become fluent in English. As
an adult immigrant, it is probably much harder to learn the language well. So, I can't say that they
don't want to learn, but regardless of whether an immigrant is a first, second, or third generation, it
would benefit to learn the English language. One way we teach English to immigrants is through our
education system. There are many resources that immigrants have to education that "American
Dream" of a great education, but sometimes it frustrates me that our education system is being
overly accommodating to immigrants education. We are using a lot of resources and money. Our
schools are supposed to prepare students to be successful in the world and support them as they use
the skills that they are taught, but if schools are producing graduates who don't have a thorough
grasp of the English language, the schools

Bilingual Language Education Policy And The English As A...
This paper presents a gap between current foreign language education policy and the English as a
foreign language (EFL) teaching practices in addressing intercultural communication objectives in
Vietnam. Although the current Vietnamese foreign language education policy advocates the
intercultural communication aims, intercultural language teaching and learning has not yet been
applied in foreign language classrooms. The findings from interviews, class observations and
document analysis show that foreign language teachers mainly focus on developing learners'
linguistic performance rather than their intercultural competence because current policy statements
about pedagogies and content of intercultural language teaching have not been explicitly expressed
and communicated to foreign language teachers. The author suggests a bottom–up policy making
process in which policy–makers and language teachers should both involve in addressing the
pedagogy of intercultural language teaching. This article contributes greatly to the new research area
of policy–practice relationship in intercultural language learning and teaching in Vietnam, especially
in the current trend of Vietnamese education reform; hence it should be accepted with minor
revisions in the International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning. In fact, this article is coherent and
well informed with data from the author's original research. It presents valuable findings and
suggestions which have not been reported previously

The Pros And Cons Of English As The Medium Of Language In...
Non–native language particularly English, which is a Lingua franca– a language that is adopted as a
common language between speakers whose native languages are different, is often preferred to
native language in the medium of instruction in higher education in many places like Hong Kong
and Singapore, according to Interim report April 2014 of "English as a medium of Instruction – a
growing Global phenomenon: phase 1" by British Council and University of Oxford mentioned in
the Week 11 lecture PowerPoint. By using English medium teaching, students and university
institutions would be benefited. This essay will argue that English should be adopted as the medium
of language in tertiary education, and it is supported by the discussion of the pros and cons of using
non–native language in tertiary education in the perspective of students and university ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Opportunities of practicing English and exposure in English increase when English is adopted in
academic learning. Since English has been regarded as a trade language in the world, when students
are encouraged to attain proficiency in English, this grants business advantages to them. For
instance, the usage of English in business is particularly significant in Hong Kong where
international businesses are took place frequently. Hong Kong's economy mainly depends on foreign
trade and it is externally oriented according to gov.hk . Therefore, students could easily enter to
workplace in Hong Kong as well as the global market by having English proficiency. Graduates'
English abilities also related to Hong Kong's economy. For example, in Chile, English–language
credentials for job candidates was affecting its economic growth, the sole reason for most companies
that were not willing to outsource business to Chile was due to the inability of assessment in

Children In Bilingual Education
Pros:
1. Learning a second language will be helpful while finding a job in the future. Increased language
flexibility is a skill that one can put on a resume. This will open up a far larger job market for those
who are educated bilingually.
2. Learning a second language makes it easier to learn a third.
Once a person has learned a second language, it becomes easier for them to learn a third and a
fourth. Being bilingual increases a person's ability to focus on learning new tasks and also stimulates
increased concentration. Multitasking is also a skill that becomes simpler for those who are
bilingual.
3. There are many personality benefits.
The child will be less likely to suffer from anxiety. Bilingual education stimulates working memory.
4. Children in bilingual education will become well–rounded.
Children will learn to understand and relate to other cultures around the world. They will have an
advantage over ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Children will be able to understand other subjects.
Proponents of bilingual education believe that when non–English speaking students are educated in
both their native language and English, their ability to learn and speak English is enhanced. They
learn English in an efficient manner and they're able to learn core subjects (math, history, science,
etc.).
Cons:
1. Bilingual education is expensive.
Schools all across the country are struggling to keep their foreign language programs funded.
Running a dominant language program is cheaper than foreign language programs.
2. Foreign Language Students Do Not Integrate As Easily
In order to learn a new language, foreign language students need to make certain sacrifices, most
commonly their native language. These sacrifices can make it difficult to learn other subjects such
as science or math.
3. Reduces Focus On A Career
While learning a language, a child may become so time consumed to this subject that they will
struggle in other subjects. They will become frustrated and not be able to

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