Brief History Of Financial System

Brief History of Financial System
Introduction
The international financial system provides the framework enabling residents of one country to
make payments to residents of other countries. Over the past centuries world trade was characterised
by great changes in the international financial system, beginning with the use for gold and silver in
the bimetallism era, through the gold standard the gold exchange standard , the Bretton Woods
system and the current floating exchange rates. Arguably gold id the oldest metal used both as store
of value and as a medium of exchange as realised in the early Egyptian Pharaohs'' (3000 B.C), who
stored wealth in gold and traded with other likewise, according to Prayer (1982).
Definitions
According to Arthers and Sheffrins ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Governments agreed to buy and sell gold at its own fixed parity on demand.
The standard ensured minimal inflation, and also ensured countries maintained adequate reserves of
gold to back its currency's value. However the stability caused by the Gold Standard did not allow
exchange rates to respond to changes in trade circumstances between countries, such as higher
imports. At national level, gold could be acquired by official authorities. Mayer et al (1990) outlined
that there was no reason to believe that growth in the world's gold stock and money supply would be
slow and stable. There were expected gold discoveries and/or technological advancement which
triggered wave of inflation.
Gold Exchange Standard
Exchange rates fluctuated as countries widely used "predatory" depreciations of their currencies as a
means of gaining advantage in the world export market. Attempts were made to restore the gold
standard, but participants lacked the political will to "follow the rules of the game". The result for
international trade and investment was profoundly detrimental.
Under this period came about two standard;
i. Gold specie standard in which currency in circulation consisted of gold wins with a fixed gold
standard; and

ii. Gold bullion standard in which the basis of money remain a fixes weight of gold but the costs
with the authorities
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Farmers' Revolt Essay
DBQ 13: The Farmer's Revolt
Farmers were once known for being able to do everything themselves. They grew their own food
and sewed their own clothes. People often yearn for the old days and complain about so many
people living in cities. Many farmers had to give up their farms and move to the cities, because of
something that happened in the late nineteenth century.
High prices forced farmers to concentrate on one crop. The large–scale farmers bought expensive
machines, increasing their crop yield. This caused the smaller farmers to be left behind. The small
farmers could no longer compete and were forced give up their farms and look for jobs in the cities.
The smaller farmers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1890 clergyman Washington Gladden wrote an article called "The Embattled Farmers". In it he
blamed the ruin of the farmers on "protective tariffs, trusts...speculation in farm products, over–
greedy middlemen, and exorbitant transportation rates."
James Laurence Laughlin wrote an article "Causes of Agricultural Unrest" that was published in the
Atlantic Monthly. He wrote, "the farmers, in all honesty, have attributed their misfortunes to the
"constriction" in prices", caused by lack of gold, not overproduction of their crops. He then went on
to explain how that could not be possible, and we simply have produced too much wheat. Poet
Vachel Lindsay wrote a poem concerning the subject, entitled, "BRYAN, BRYAN, BRYAN,
BRYAN: The campaign of 1896 as viewed at the Time by a Sixteen Year Old, etc." In it he
mentioned the "Election at midnight; Boy Bryan's defeat" which was when the Populists lost the
election. He then wrote "Defeat of the wheat; victory of the letterfiles" and "Defeat...[of] the blue
bells of the Rockies, and the blue bonnets of Texas, by the Pittsburgh alleys" He was simply saying
that the city people had defeated them and would therefore get their way.
As the amount of crops produced increased, the prices paid for them decreased. This is shown by the
graphs, "Production and Prices, 1860–1895" In 1860, only 1000 million bushels of corn was
produced, and the price per bushel was about $.65. By 1895 over 2500 million bushels

Marketing and Financial Markets
2012 edition
Pride & Ferrell
William M. Pride
Texas A & M University
O. C. Ferrell
Univesity of New Mexico
brief contents
Part 1: Marketing Strategy and Customer relationships
1
1. An overview of Strategic Marketing. 2
2. Planning, implementing, and Controlling Marketing Strategies 30
Part 2: environmental Forces and Social and ethical responsibilities
61
3. the Marketing environment 62
4. Social Responsibility and ethics in Marketing 92
©
Part 3: Using information, Technology, and Target Market Analysis 127
5. Marketing Research and information Systems 128
6. target Markets: Segmentation, evaluation, and Positioning 158
Part 4: Customer Behavior 191
7. Consumer Buying Behavior 192
8. Business ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
35

Managerial Authority 37
Summary 37
Important Terms 38
Discussion and Review Questions 39
Application Questions 40
Internet Exercise 41
Developing Your Marketing Plan 42
Video Case 2.1 Method Cleans Up the Home Care Industry Using
Green Marketing 44
Case 2.2 Danone Focuses on Health Nutrition 45
Strategic Case 1 FedEx Packages Marketing for Overnight Success
45
Summary 105
Important Terms 106
Discussion and Review Questions 107
Application Questions 108
Internet Exercise 109
Developing Your Marketing Plan 110
globalEDGE

An Analysis Of Nigel Bryan's Speech
a. Within Bryan's speech, "the people" are described as supporters of bimetal – he describes the
opposing parties' inconsistency in support of their stance; he is in support of the democratic party,
and this is included in his construction of the people on page 585. Similarly, we may imagine "the
people" to be average, working–class citizens because he discusses fighting on the side of the
struggling masses (against "the idle holders of idle capital" – the elite) (Brian, 1896). In describing
"the people" as everyday workers, the function of the people now serves to embody a certain set of
moral beliefs which are symbolic of a larger mass. On pg. 584, Bryan describes also constructs the
people as patriotic by framing an anti–foreign stance against the idea of international bimetallism.
Via this construction, we can expect "the people" to support American independence – therefore,
against the idea of international bimetallism. Lastly, he constructs "the people" as frontiersman when
referring to the frontier and appeals to a certain moral ideology.
b. Bryan discusses multiple crises in this speech; the first which he addresses is that ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nigel Farrage is an exceptional example of the mediatization of politics; due to the growing
influence of media on politics, more people can utilize the media to gain access to international
political occurrences. For example, many people are aware of Brexit and Nigel Farrage's role due to
the media's increasing presence in political processes. Similarly, Farrage utilizes media logics such
as simplification and anti–establishment in his address to Trump's followers and provides an
example of how they can be central to populism.
b. He embodies trans–national representation; this is the idea that proxy representation is no longer
bound by jurisdiction (although, it is) and people may seek representation from leaders' who are not
in their vicinity (due to aesthetic resemblance) – such as Trump performers supporting Nigel

What Caused The Populist Movement's Failure?
The Populist Movement ultimately failed to survive because of their desire for inflation and the
support for the coinage of silver, as well as the fact that they merged with the Democratic Party to
combat the Republicans. The 1896 election undermined agrarian insurgency, and a period of rapidly
rising farm prices helped to bring about the dissolution of the Populist Party. Another important
factor in the failure of the party was its inability to affect a genuine urban–rural coalition; its
program had little appeal for wage earners of the industrial east. Although the populists were not
outright socialists, many conservative interests saw the Populists as a threat to the basic economic
system of the United States. The Populists' agenda was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of these businesses were in the eastern and northeastern part of the United States causing the
Populist Movement to lose support. These companies were the source of income for millions of
people and they would not agree to the standards of the agrarian influenced Populist Party. If they
were to agree, the people of the industrial region would probably have to move to a different area
and find a new job.
The Populist Party was hardly winning any support from the eastern and northeastern part of the
United States. Most of the party's goals would negatively affect the industrial economy and quite
possibly cause a backward reform into the agricultural past. Another goal of the Omaha Platform
was to transfer the operation and ownership of railroads to the government for the best interest of
the people. They would also want to transfer the control of all types of communication such as,
telegraphs and telephones to the government as well. This would hurt all the transportation and
communication businesses in the country. Big business owner such as, Andrew Carnegie would be
against the Omaha Platform and as people knew, money could control the government. If he did not
own his own railroad company it would hurt his business significantly; it would for him to pay for
transportation causing a chain reaction and raising the price of steel in reaction causing the price of
anything with steel to

Spoils System Of Government Essay
The United States government has transformed since it's beginning in 1776. The transformations
have been good and bad for the general public. Some of the issues that are part of the problem in the
government, are such things as the spoils system, tariffs and bimetallism.The reason why it is so
hard to change these issues is because the people in charge are benefiting from them, even though
the general public may not be. The spoils system is defined in our textbook as "The widespread
award of public jobs to political supporters after an electoral victory. In 1829, Andrew Jackson
instituted the system on the national level, arguing that the rotation of officeholders was preferable
to a permanent group of bureaucrats. The spoils system became a central, and corrupting, element in
American political life, (Henretta 2012)" This means in layman's terms that political people put their
favorites in office around them, to profit off each other. For example, in President Jackson's place,
he put people in office or that the government used for jobs or ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the beginning, the tariff was introduced to tax imported goods into the United States so that
people would be more likely to buy from America, support our economies and put a little cash into
the government's pocket from other countries. The problem is that other countries have also posted
tariffs on products that we ship to them. The lower prices that were suppose to promote internal
buying, are now back to the same price as the international products because the company has to pay
tariffs to the other country. It is really hard to get rid of this tax or tariff because other countries are
doing the same and making profit also. A country is not going to stop making profit because we said
we don't want to have tariffs world wide now. The wealthy people of the world, not just the U.S. are
making money and therefore, this policy will be really hard to

International Monetary System
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM & MULTULATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS
Meaning International Monetary System refers to the system prevailing in world foreign exchange
markets through which international trade & capital movements are financed & exchanges rates are
determined. MNCs operate in a global market, buying/selling/producing in many different countries.
For example, GM sells cars in 150 countries, produces cars in 50 countries, so it has to deal with
hundreds of currencies. What are the mechanics of how currency and capital flows internationally?
International Monetary System – Institutional framework within which: 1. International payments
are made 2. Movements of capital are accommodated 3. Ex–rates are determined An international ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The USA used the Eagle as their unit, and Germany introduced the new gold mark, while Canada
adopted a dual system based on both the American Gold Eagle and the British Gold Sovereign.
Australia and New Zealand adopted the British gold standard, as did the British West Indies, while
Newfoundland was the only British Empire territory to introduce its own gold coin as a standard.
Royal Mint branches were established in Sydney, New South Wales, Melbourne, Victoria, and Perth,
Western Australia for the purposes of minting gold sovereigns from Australia's rich gold deposits.
The Gold Exchange Standard Towards the end of the 19th century some of the remaining silver
standard countries began to peg their silver coin units to the gold standards of the United Kingdom
or the USA. In 1898,British India pegged the silver rupee to the pound sterling at a fixed rate of 1s
4d, while in 1906, the Straits Settlements adopted a gold exchange standard against the pound
sterling with the silver Straits dollar being fixed at 2s 4d. Meanwhile at the turn of the century, the
Philippines pegged the silver Peso/dollar to the US dollar at 50 cents. A similar pegging at 50 cents
occurred at around the same time with the silver Peso of Mexico and the silver Yen of Japan. When
Siam adopted a gold exchange standard in 1908, this left only China and Hong Kong on the silver
standard. The gold specie standard ended in the United Kingdom and the rest of the British Empire
at the outbreak of

The Stystem Developed in the The Bretton Woods Conference
Introduction:
The Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire in 1944 was a unique event in which
representatives of two nations influenced the planning of the world monetary system (Scammell,
1982). The Article of Agreement was a negotiation between Britain and The United States, which
was accepted and signed by 44 other nations (Ikenberry, 1933). The conference saw the
establishment of the two most significant financial institutions, The International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development [World Bank] and The International Monetary Fund (Stwenron,
1944). The conference set the standard of gold to $35.00 and selected the American dollar as the
backbone of international exchange. The goal of the conference was to create a system through these
financial institutes for economic co–operation and development leading to stable and robust global
economy (International Monetary Fund, 2013).
Role of World Bank:
The Articles of Agreement of the Bretton Woods Conference clearly stated that the role of the World
Bank was the reconstruction and development of the member countries including the restoration of
economies damaged and deranged by the World War 2. Jean–Francois Rischard–former vice
president, World Bank explained the working of the World Bank in the 1950's, the World Bank
borrowed money to lend them to the reconstruction of countries like Japan and Europe. The World
Bank financed Toyota in Japan and the French railways and so forth. Post the reconstruction of war
ravaged

Bryan's Audience Reaction To The Panic Of 1893
During 1893, the United States had suffered a serious economic depression known as the Panic of
1893. The economic panic had been caused by the overbuilding and over financing railroads,
developing bank failures. These investments on the railroads had led to serious debates in Congress
to attempt to improve the financial situation. In 1896, William Jennings Bryan had delivered a
speech known as the Cross of Gold, supporting the "Free Silver" and bimetallism. Bryan's audience
reaction varied greatly, from hating Bryan to supporting Bryan for president. The speech had
illuminated several important topics concerning "Free Silver", gave popularity growth to Bryan, and
the election of 1986. Bryan's Cross of Gold touches on ideas, relating to

What Does The Wizard Of Oz Mean In The Gilded Age
For many generations, adults and children alike have relished L. Frank Baum's cleverly written
bedtime story, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. On the surface, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz seems
like an innocent fairy–tale that was written "solely to pleasure children today" ; however a deeper
look into the main characters and symbolism inherent in the story, suggest an outlook into the
Gilded Age. Many historians, beginning with Henry Littlefield, have interpreted The Wizard of Oz
as being an allegory to the Populist Movement and the issue of money that surrounded the Gilded
Age. Although Baum mentions that The Wonderful Wizard of Oz was written as a bedtime fairy–tale
to be read and enjoyed by people of all ages, the hidden symbols and deeper ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore the Democrats pushed for a more conservative presidential candidate –William Jennings
Bryan with the Populist support. On the other hand, the Republicans comprising mostly of bankers
and industrialists rallied for the gold standard because they wanted to keep the value of the dollar
high to retain their monopolistic power. The gold standard would also be beneficial to the creditors
because the amount of money they received from the debtors would be valued a lot more than that
which they initially lent out. Thus the stage was set for the "battle of the standards" in the elections
1896 between the Populist and Democrat nominee William Jennings Bryan and the Republican
candidate William McKinley. Baum writes The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, with the battle between the
Republicans and the Populists as the main basis for its plot structure. L. Frank Baum's background is
instrumental in understanding the parallels between The Wizard of Oz and the Gilded Age in which
Baum lived. Baum lived in South Dakota during the period when Populism was gaining popularity.
Western farmers had naturally rallied for the Populist cause of better crop prices (inflation) because
of droughts which destroyed their crops. Baum was witness to the misery of the Western farmer and
therefore sympathetic towards them. There is however some confusion regarding Baum's political
beliefs. Henry M. Littlefield believed that Baum was a "reform–minded Democrat" who supported
Bryan and his cause for

The Presidential Election Was A Great Man Named William...
In 1986 the democratic nominee for the presidential election was a great man named William
Jennings Bryan. Bryan was a religious and moral man who stood for the greater good of farmers, the
poor and working class. Populists represent the underdog of society that is seeking injustice, during
Bryan's time period it happened to be the farmer's agriculture industry that was dying out. A few
decades before this election the whole country was running off of agriculture, with the
industrialization that occurred in recent years to this election had put the farmers in a tough place
barely able to make a living. William Jennings Bryan stood up for this issue and his main concern
was to tend to these farmers. Bryan never won an election so he never ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The monopolist got greedy and did things like George Pullman creating his own town for employees
to work in and then lowering wages and keeping rent the same. William Jennings Bryan wanted to
stop things like this from happening and make sure everybody had a fair chance at a living in the
United States. Populist disagreed with how the economy was going because the big companies were
a dominant force taking money away from the agriculture industry and the poor people. "They
called for more rather than less government intervention in the economy, for only government was
capable of expanding the money supply, counterbalancing the power of big business, and providing
efficient national transportation networks to support the needs of agribusiness (Tindall, 668)." With
the views that the party had, supporting more government intervention comes to no surprise because
there wouldn't be an easier way to defeat the big companies other than regulating them. If Bryan had
won an election, the economy today could have been completely different depending on what he did
with monopolies and agriculture. Bryan and the populists disagreed with the gold standard and
wanted to implement the free coinage of silver to fix the bad economy caused from the gold
standard. "I will not help to crucify mankind upon a cross of gold (Kazin, 47)".

Humorist Synthesis Essay
The concept of humor inciting change continues to be disagreed upon globally. Whereas mordant
humor demands mental depth to understand the purpose, blatant impunity messages are accessible
and easily created by humorists. Thus, humorists that are vital to society often rely upon humor with
an underlying message. As a result, de Botton's claim of humorists serving society is true, provided
that the message is dangerous to state blatantly.
Humorists revolve heavily around trending topics to help appeal to their audience. This practice
lends itself to humorists often becoming politically focused. Ideally, humorists would remove
themselves from appearing to be partisan but, as proven during the most recent presidential election,
humorists relied upon blatant jabs at both candidates. This resulted with audiences that found comic
relief through their dislike of candidates as opposed to the comedian's message. These circumstances
led to an election of the best of the worst, rather than electing candidates based on policy. This is an
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first time in which humor served a social function in America was when the African Americans
displayed "silent sabotage." Although this form of peaceful revolt also relied on faking sickness and
not working, humor was implemented by slaves in an act of cultural retention. Cultural blending
quickly led to cultural oppression for slaves; slave owners prevented their slaves from acting
dissimilar from whites. Thus, slaves relied on humor with underlying meanings as a form of
preventing cultural oppression. The slaves created stories and songs that developed into African
American folklore; this was allowed because it appeared to praise white people. This folklore
ultimately made fun of white culture and served as a message of rebellion that was otherwise too
dangerous for slaves to

William J. Bryan's 'Taking The Platform By Storm'
William Jennings Bryan is known for his standings on many prevalent issues through the years. The
most prominent instances that were graced by his opinion were his stand with the Populist and
Democratic parties in the 1890's and then later his opposition to teaching the theory of evolution in
the 1920's. William J. Bryan " interpreted political reform as a part of the Christian mission to move
man closer to God's vision of earthly perfection". According to Bryan, there was no separation
between politics of the church and of the nation. He won over many with his " ability to marshal the
spirit and rhetoric of the nation's Christian heritage". Religion formed the basis of all of his lectures
no matter what he supported or opposed. In Bryan's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With Darwinism, the poor, weak, or lacking were left behind. According to William Graham
Sumner, social Darwinism is "liberty, inequality, and survival of the fittest". Sumner states these
characteristics will carry "society forward and favor all its best members". William J. Bryan saw
these "laws of nature" bringing society away from reform, but these were not his only quarrels with
Darwin's ideas. Along with his opposition to social Darwinism, Bryan expressed his distaste and
made his stand clear on Darwinian theories of biological evolution. He focused intently on the
"theory's three great crimes" believing it rationalized warfare, "undercut the impulse for political
reform", and lastly, and most importantly, it contradicted the Bible. Standing by his unmovable
Presbyterian beliefs, Bryan lectures against these theories, and takes his most prominent stand
against them in the Scopes trial in 1925. He is called to stand at points in the trial and is questioned,
testing his strength in and the knowledge of his faith, on almost every disrupted story and account in
the Bible. He stands true to his religion through the end of the trial, and was rewarded with a win on
the side of anti revolutionist opposing

Analytical Essay: William Bryan As A Political Activist
William Jennings Bryan was a renowned orator and firm believer in the tenets of religion and
benefits of a principled lifestyle. The formation of the United States included the words and policies
of many brilliant, moral men; however, not all of these founding fathers used the tenets of religion to
guide their movements. These tenets, such as giving aid to the poor and loving all people, were
difficult to follow while pursuing purely nationalist economic pursuits. This by no means
propagated socialism as the superior economic ethos; instead, it simply dictated that no man–made
creation could be perfect and help everyone in the nation. William Bryan did not simply write off
the victims of the negative side of capitalism, but he continuously ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
William Jennings Bryan supported many large political movements over the course of his career.
Though it never achieved the success he had desired, Bryan's bimetallic or 'silver' movement
instigated a great deal of political change. Functioning as Bryan's entrance into politics, the silver
debate gave him a large and powerful political voice against the Gold Standard movement. This
power resulted in the combinations of several different political parties into Bryan's camp; in
addition, it helped to splinter his opposition party, the Republicans. Bryan's most famous speech, the
'Cross of Gold', named the bimetallic standard movement as a moral debate instead of merely an
economic one, and, in the speech, he made numerous Biblical references comparing the standard
and its followers to Christ on the Cross. In addition to the bimetallic standard, some of Bryan's
strongest political opinions surrounded prohibition and the dangers of legalized alcohol. Bryan's
opinions on alcohol were so strong that they resulted

William J. Bryan's Fight Against Social Darwinism
A political reformer of the late 1800s and early 1920s, William J. Bryan fought for a variety of
different causes, including bimetallism, women's rights, and fundamentalism (Shi and Tindell 806).
It is this last point, fundamentalism, that will be the focus of this paper; specifically, reviewing
Bryan and his fight against Darwinism and its teaching in schools. This paper will also go over
Bryan's beginnings and his rise to notability along with his viewpoint on social Darwinism and what
lasting effects he had on it.
Over his career, William J. Bryan fought for many different progressive causes, but one of his best–
known crusades was the fight for bimetallism. It was for bimetallism that Bryan made his famous
Cross of Gold speech, a speech ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout his article Gould seems to consider Bryan to be a pleasant and driven, but ultimately
misguided man who did not really know what he was talking about in regards to evolution. Gould
agrees with Bryan on just two points: the use of Social Darwinism as a defense of war was a serious
problem for this time (Gould 16) and the fact the textbook that John Scopes taught out of which
caused the Scopes Trial should not have been used (Gould 17). In regards to the textbook, A Civic
Biology, Gould thought it was unfortunate that the book so strongly supported Social Darwinism.
He said that it was incredibly inappropriate when authors of textbooks add "their own social
preferences as facts of nature in their technical writings." (Gould 17). Gould went on to point out
how the author of A Civic Biology, George Hunter, spoke about those with mental retardation as if
they were "parasites" and indicated that in a better world, they would be killed (17). When
discussing the misuse of Darwinism as a defense of war, a point both Bryan and Gould agree on,
Gould almost makes it sound like Bryan was an idiot who stumbled onto this point by accident

FIN REVIEW
CH 1 Quiz
1. Suppose your firm invests $100,000 in a project in Italy. At the time the exchange rate is $1.23=
1.00 Euros. One year later the exchange rate is the same, but the Italian government has
expropriated your firm's assets paying only 80,000 Euros in compensation. This is an example of
a. Political risk
2. Country A can produce 10 yards of textiles or 6 pounds of food per unit of input. Compute the
opportunity cost of adding one additional unit of food instead of textiles.
a. 1 yard of textiles per 6 pounds of food
3. In countries like France or Germany
a. Managers have often viewed shareholders as one of the "Stakeholders" of the firm, others being
employees, customers, suppliers, banks, and so forth.
4. The common ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the U.S., currency depreciates against the currencies of our trading partners.
ANSWER: your competitive position is likely improved.
20. Production of goods and services has become globalized to a large extent as a result of _______.
ANSWER: Multinational corporations' efforts to source inputs and locate production anywhere
where costs are lower and profits are higher.
21. Country A can produce 10 yards of textiles or 6 pounds of food per unit of input. Compute the
opportunity cost of producing one additional unit of food instead of textiles.
ANSWER: 1 Yard of textile per .6 pounds of food
22. Which is growing at a faster rate, foreign direct investment by MNCs or international trade?
ANSWER: FDI by MNCs
23. Suppose that Great Britain is a major export market for your firm, a U.S. based MNC. If the
British pound depreciates against the U.S. dollar,
ANSWER: both b and c are correct
24. When corporate governance breaks down
ANSWER: All the above
25. MNCs can use their global presence to
ANSWER: all the above
26. Suppose you start with $100 and buy stock for 50 Pounds when the exchange rate is 1 pound =
$2. One year later, the stock rises to 60 pounds. You are happy with your 20% return on the stock
but when you sell the stock and exchange your 60 pounds for dollars, you only get $45 since the
pound has fallen to 1 pound=$.75. This loss of value is an example of _______
ANSWER: Political risk

Populist Party Research Paper
The Populist party was a third party of the 1890s formed to fight for the rights of working people.
This party was largely made up of farmers. There were several reasons why this party was formed.
By the beginning of the 1880s, millions of farmers had found themselves trapped under the
mountains of debt that they couldn't get out of. There were various causes of why this happened
with these farmers.
One of the reasons why farmers had debts was because of the switch to industrialized farming.
Farmers used new industrial technology to increase the amount of crops that they grew. For
instance, they started using equipment and supplies for planting such as big tractors and harvesters.
Farmers were competing and had to buy these machines in order to produce more crop. To buy these
big machines, farmers took out loans from banks. However, by using this concept of industrialized
farming, farmers produced more and more food which meant that prices for these produces in
market dropped because there was a lot of production of same food in the market. This ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bryan because he adopted silver platform. Hence, the Populists' views were close to him and
William J. Bryan was nominated for as their candidate for president. The candidate chosen for
Republican was William McKinley. Even though many Populists supported William J. Bryan, they
lost the election of 1896. The big businesses, banks, factory owners, and the rich were there to
support William McKinley because they wanted gold standards or deflation. Also, the economy of
1896 was better than it was in 1893 which can predict that the gold standard was helping the
economy of the country. Additionally, William J. Bryan only focused on urban voters and had no
alliances with other groups. On the other hand, William McKinley's campaign was highly funded
and well–organized. These were some of the reasons why the Populist Party failed to gain any long–
term political

The Causes Of The Great Depression
The Great Depression lasted from 1929 to 1939, it was the worst economic downturn in the history.
The Great Depression began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street
into a panic and destroyed millions of investors. Over the next several years, consumer spending and
investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and employment as failing
companies laid off workers. When it reached to the lowest point in 1933, many low and middle–
income families became homeless, and around 15 million Americans were unemployed and nearly
half the country's banks had failed. Also, the Great Depression was necessary in order to stabilize
the American economy. The distrust of the stock market and the economy lead to many hate the
government because of their inaction against the poverty that was going on. The Great Depression
indicated how fragile the American economy was and instrumental in the overall development of
mass production of consumer goods that led a collapse in jobs, individual wages, and bank accounts.
The Great Depression happened because of the stock market crash, people were buying on margins
and the stock market ballooned out of control causing it to crash and many Americans who only
invested in the stock saw their fortunes disappear overnight. In addition, Americans were
withdrawing money at an unprecedented rate. As banks closed so did other businesses that were
connected to it. The stock market crash also impacts other nation's

The Populist Party And The Panic Of 1896
Following the Panic of 189, the federal government had to address the issue of economics. The
crisis would leave millions of Americans in difficult financial straits. As a result, the free coinage of
silver increasingly gained momentum throughout the nation in the years immediately following.
This gained such significant attention that it would serve as the primary national issue in the election
of 1896. The Republican and Democratic parties would each align in this election for or against this
polarizing issue. The Republicans supported the gold standard while the Populist supported
Democrats endorsed a silver standard and bimetallism. The election of 1896 would be dominated by
the issue of financial backing through the campaigns of William McKinley and William Jennings
Bryan. The results of the election would serve as an example of the nations direction to move away
from rural agriculture and towards urban industrialism. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The results of the election would serve as an example of the nations direction to move away from
rural agriculture and towards urban industrialism. Events such as the passing of the Sherman Silver
Purchase Act, the Nevada silver discovery, and the Panic of 1893 served as significant catalysts for
the issue of financial backing. In response to this several political organizations formed in an effort
to pursue economic change. The Populist Party would ultimately become the most significant such
organization. The influence of the Populists would be tested in the election of 1896 in which the
elections primary question was the silver standard. The Populist endorsed Democrat William
Jennings Bryan helped bring the issue to center stage through efforts such as his speech "Cross of
Gold". The victory of Bryan's opponent, William McKinley, would signify the nations trend towards
an urban industrialized

The Wizard Of Oz Research Paper
Gold And Silver, Why Not Live Together?
Eric Chen
Dr.Friedman
US History
10/12/2014
The Wizard of OZ, is a famous novel. The story talked about the adventure of a girl Dorothy who
dropped into a strange world occasionally with her three comrades–Scarecrow, Tin Woodman and
Cowardly Lion. Dorothy came to the Land of OZ with her house and the house crushed the Witch of
the East, who is the wicked in that land. She got a pair of silver shoes from the corpse of the Witch
of the East, which had powerful charm. She missed her uncle and aunt who lived in the original
world, and she was told to find the greatest wizard, OZ, in this country by walking along the gold–
like yellow brick road with the silver shoes. In her way, she met Scarecrow, Tin Woodman and
Cowardly Lion as her comrades, met lots of interesting matters, and finally returned to her home. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, its plot did not refer to the fairytale truth, and actually, the plot referred to the history in
last of 19th century. In that time, there was a controversy around whether applying gold standard or
not. The book's author, L. Frank Baum, was support to the old system, bimetallism, which was
eventually given up in 1873 by the current American president, Stephen Grover Cleveland.
However, this decision made lots of disaster to American economy. Therefore, the author, who had
already been extremely dissatisfied to this decision in 25 years, finally published this book and
revealed the damage taken from this

The People's Party And The Labor Movement
The People's Party and the Labor Movement During the Gilded Age, a new third party, the Populist
or People's Party, was created. This political movement was established to speak for those in the
United States who were farmers and agricultural workers or in any classes of production. Farmers
were hit with hard times after the economy was influenced by the Industrial Revolution. The crop–
lien system put the majority of farmers in a large amount of debt and government–implemented
tariffs decreased the value of production for farmers. Due to these hardships, the Farmers Alliance
was formed in an effort to stop the sharecropping system that caused the financial trouble. This
organization began persuading farmers to support the idea of bimetallism,

Proper Role Of Government Essay
What is the Proper Role of Government? The proper role of government (gov't.) can vary, every
person has their opinion. The government's proper role is to solve universal problems without
causing destruction. This means that the gov't. helps find a solution that is fair and equal for
everyone. For example the government invented bimetallism to solve the problem with money. The
government made changes to the way Native Americans lived so they became more
"Americanized". The government also made the homestead act which helped people move
westward. After the gov't. encouraged American citizens to move westward, they opened the door to
immigrants. The U.S government has made such an impact on the way we live and how people did
live in the old days.The proper role of the gov't. is to find solutions to the problems that humans
cannot solve without having a excessive argument and without violating people's right. The
government has dealt with the problem of backing up money. Bimetallism changed the currency
from coins to paper money. Bimetallism meant that people would exchange gold or silver for
money. One of the biggest concerns people had was that they wanted to make sure that the money
would be backed up by a good source. Backing their money meant that people wouldn't have to deal
with losing money when they would exchange money for gold or silver. People had debated whether
they should back their money by bimetallism or monometallism. Monometalism is when money is

Wonderful Wizard of Oz as Allegory
Donovan Conner
Mrs. Collins
College Prep American Literature
February 9 2009 In Lyman Frank Baum's, more commonly known as Frank L. Baum, novel The
Wonderful wizard of Oz Baum describes a story in which a young girl Dorothy and her dog, Toto go
on a magical journey from the dull, gray land of Kansas to the colorful, magical land of Oz. This girl
and her dog meet three companions, a Cowardly Lion, a Brainless Scarecrow, and a Heartless Tin
Man and have adventure in the Land of Oz and untimely help Dorothy get home. In Baum's
allegorical The Wonderful Wizard of Oz he uses satire and symbols, such as the regions of Oz, the
characters of Oz and the Witches of Oz as to represent the Populist movement. Baum himself was fit
to write a novel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Good Witch of the North, the first witch that Dorothy encounters, bestows a protective kiss
upon her forehead but is unable to understand how the silver shoes that Dorothy got from the dead
Wicked Witch of the East and was unable to free the munchkins from the East wrath. This is a
symbol of the Midwest support for the Populism, because in the north had considerable support, but
this support was no match for the eastern voter, just like the Good Witch was no match against the
East Witch (Taylor 5). Dorothy learns that she is seen as a witch because she has a white checked
shirt and white is seen as a sign of sorcery in Oz, this is also a of symbol of silver which was known
as the "white metal" and free silver was a key point in the Populist party (Taylor 5). While the Witch
of the North was the good Witch, The witch of the East was an evil one who had enslaved the
munchkins until Dorothy's house had landed on her and killed her. The Witch of the East's death is a
representation of the eastern financial and industrial interest and their gold–standard allies (Taylor
5). The Wall Street banker and the industrial leader were thought to be in some kind of conspiracy
by the Midwestern farmer who blamed their woes on them (Taylor 5). They were thought to be out
to "enslave" the "little people", like how the East Witch had enslaved the munchkins (Taylor 5). This
show how the munchkins are symbols of the Midwestern farmers who were "enslaved" by Wall
Street

Pros And Cons Of The Gold Standard
THE GOLD STANDARD IN THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM
During the late nineteenth century, the global economy was characterized by use of a gold standard.
The gold standard helped to unite the economies of the world's nations, thereby leading to increased
prosperity and stability. The success of the gold standard was related to the particular circumstances
of the time. As conditions changed, the gold standard became less viable and was eventually
dropped. This paper will describe the pros and cons of the gold standard as it existed in the
nineteenth century. In this way, an explanation will be provided for why the gold standard rose to
prominence and then declined.
The gold standard is a monetary system in which the value of a nation's ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One of the main advantages of the gold standard is that it created an international monetary system
that helped to unite the world's national economies. This resulted in smoother trade between nations,
which led to greater prosperity and innovation. In the words of one economics historian, "gold, it is
conventionally argued, commanded an unstoppable advantage and momentum because it promised
greater price and exchange stability than silver, closer integration with the world's financial centres,
and, consequently, cheaper capital from abroad" (Balachandran 316). According to another writer on
the subject, the single monetary system, based on the gold standard, resulted in the global economy
being relatively stable during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Thus, "the era
from the beginning of Queen Victoria's reign until the outbreak of World War I was one of the most
stable periods in monetary history, and it produced the greatest general prosperity known in history
to that time" (Weatherford 159).
Another benefit of the gold standard is that it enabled nations to turn to the use of paper currency,
which was backed by gold. The use of currency increased the convenience in making financial
transactions. This, in turn, led to a dramatic increase in the use of money. Therefore, "paper
expanded the role of money to new markets, new applications, and new clients" (Weatherford 141).
In addition, the use of paper currency

Presidential Outlines Ap Us History
William McKinley I. William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio. He died on
September 14, 1901 in Buffalo New York. McKinley was the third president to be assassinated. II.
McKinley ran for the Presidency from Ohio. III. McKinley had a relatively easy and normal
childhood. He was the seventh child of eight. His parents were loving people who instilled in
McKinley the importance of hard–work, religion, and education. McKinley worked very hard in
school as a youth and then attended Alleghany College in Pennsylvania for one term, until he had to
leave for financial reasons. During the Civil War, he proved to be an excellent soldier and quickly
moved up the ranks to the position of Brevet Major. Like many presidents ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
XI. Holden v Hardy was a major case during McKinley's time that dealt with the labor movement,
but in a specific arena. This case upheld a law limiting the work day of a group of miners in Utah,
because it was proven that the conditions they were working under were dangerous. Although, it
was only one victory, a victory it was for the labor movement. In 1898, Williams v Mississippi,
upheld the Mississippi plan, which set a literacy test and poll taxes for Mississippi voters. Though
this plan essentially excluded many Blacks and poor whites, since it applied to everyone, it was
found constitutional and allowed to continue. XII. President McKinley dealt with several important
foreign policy issues during his term. One of the biggest was the Spanish–American War in 1898.
This war initially started when McKinley sent ships and soldiers to have Cubans in their revolt
against a tyrannical Spanish Government. After an American ship was sunk in the conflict, many
Americans called for war against Spain, and McKinley obliged. In the Treaty of Paris, a result of
America winning the short war, the United States gained the territories Puerto Rico and Guam,
bought the Philippines, and remained in military control over Cuba, to which Spain renounced its
claims. In

A Godly Hero William Bryan Essay
William Jennings Bryan was an advocate for the common man and set a precedent for the modern
Democratic Party. He was not just a politician, Bryan was a radical reformer and wanted to change
the way the government was ran. His speeches and political views were intriguing to his audience,
and he presented many ideas that are now seen as way before his time. Margaret LeBeau stated in
the novel, "A Godly Hero", "He is certainly not of our politics, and I know none of our friends
approve of him... but he has seemed to me the one interesting figure in American politics."(Kazin,
pg.144). Bryan forged the pathway to present day government and many of his ideas are
implemented into our government today. William Jennings Bryan was a fantastic orator that ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bryan also presented a type of campaigning that had never been seen before. Bryan used a
phonograph to deliver "daily renditions" of his speeches. This is common to us now, but again
Bryan's modern way of thinking was peculiar to Americans. Taft of course had help from Theodore
Roosevelt and he helped him campaign and be a real contender to Bryan. Taft presented ideas he
knew would win the hearts and votes of the American people. Bryan thought he had a great chance
of winning until election day when Taft defeated Bryan by over a million votes. Karin states, "Bryan
had campaigned diligently on his issues..." but, "Republicans had a better grasp on what moved and
alarmed the northern electorate." (Kazin,

Dbq How The Other Half Lives By Riis
Callum Babbs
Mr.Green
AP US History
20 April 2018 The Progressive era was a period full with the desire to better life in the industrial age
by creating modest political adjustment and social improvements through government action. A lot
of progressives had like goals of limiting the power of big businesses, improving democracy for the
people, and making social justice stronger. Although the progressives had managed to better the life
quality and made a precedent for a more active role for the federal government, it is obvious that
they didn't succeed in solving many big problems they were faced with. In the start of the 20th
century, social recognition in America achieved a new peak as Americans had begun to notice the
effects of their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In chapter 15 of How the Other Half Lives by Riis, it goes over the problems that children faced in
the 1890s (Document B). The children were treated like adults and had harsh conditions in the jobs
they held and they were not paid much at all for what they did. Adults never cared about the
children, Riis basically sums up the chapter by saying that children were treated "awful". Children
were even thrown out of school for no reason except to make room for others. In 1900, 18 percent of
all American workers were under the age of 16. In the United States it took a good amount of years
to outlaw child labor. In the photograph (Document D), it shows young child workers for the mines.
This picture taken by Lewis Hine, who quit his job as a school teacher to take pictures of child
workers around the country to bring awareness to the fact that child labor was not right. These
pictures started to get people thinking about how wrong this was, then reform was attempted. 28
states passed laws regulating child labor by the year 1899. In an effort to pass a national child labor
law, Congress attempted to pass two laws, one in 1918 and the other in 1922, unfortunately the
Supreme court ruled both laws unconstitutional. After this in 1924, Congress attempted to pass a
constitutional amendment prohibiting child labor, the states refused to ratify it. Finally in the year
1938, Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act. This act fixed minimum ages of 16 for work
during school hours, 14 for certain jobs after school, and 18 for dangerous work. Riis was very
famous for the book that he published, this book significantly helped to bring to light the conditions
of the slums and change American

The Five Transcontinental Railroads Case Study
Hannah Mendoza
Question one: The railroads were a brilliant and expensive project. They spread all the way from
California to Florida and helped move around raw materials, agriculture, and stimulated mining. The
railroads were so expensive, but with the help of private banks, who were a little reluctant, and land
grants from Congress they were able to build them. Due to private banks being a little fearful that
railroad companies couldn't pay them back in a fashionable time Congress decided to step in and
give land grants for them to sell. This was a win win situation because they got money to pay the
bank back and it helped improve settlement in the West. They helped with four of the five
transcontinental railroads.
Question two: A few things happened that made people criticize John Rockefeller and Standard Oil.
Some of these were accusations and one of them was the thought that John Rockefeller was
involved in trying to get rid of his competitors and predatory pricing. It is said that he was trying to
gain a monopoly in the railroad industry. Another accusation was that he bribed other men to spy on
his competitors and made secret agreements. Standard Oil was made up of a variety of companies
and they controlled a majority of the pipelines and refineries. Congress attempted to stop this
monopoly from forming by passing the Sherman Antitrust Act that forbade combinations and trusts
in business.
Question three: In the election of 1888 tariffs were a major discussion. The import taxes were high,
but not everyone backed them. The businesses didn't like that Grover Cleveland, a Democrat, said
that high tariffs were wrong and that he wanted to lower them. The Republicans argued against
Cleveland and didn't think that the tariffs should be lowered. They believed that with the tariff there
was potential to produce a national coalition opposing the Democrats in the South. This ideology
that they had before the election had bad outcomes that were realised afterwards. Once they raised
the tariff caused people to criticize them and protest, they realized their mistake. Due to this mistake
the Democrats won the next election changing the Republicans' views.
Question four: A lot of people supported bimetallism.

Money and Its Functions in Modern Economy
The Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation
International Finance Faculty
Term Paper
Money and its functions in modern economy
Klyagin M.I.
Group IFF 2–2
Tutor: Olga V. Kadysheva/ Svetlana E. Tsvirko
Moscow 2010
Table of contents
INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER 1. Nature of money in today's economy 5 1.1. The concept and types of money 5 1.2.
Functions of money 7
CHAPTER 2. The role of money in the modern market economy. 17 2.1 The role of money in the
production process. 17 2.2. Differences in characteristics of the role of money. 22
Conclusion. 25
The list of references. 26
Introduction
Money is one of the greatest inventions of a human thought. Perhaps, the whole structure of today's
economy is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For a long period a measure of value of ancient people was expressed through the products of their
occupations (hunting or gathering).) 2. Silver monometallism – the era of money made of silver. 3.
Bimetallism – it became possible to pay for goods not only for silver but also for gold; 4. Gold
monometalism – gold gradually replaced old forms of money and the era of the gold standard
started. The demand for gold was totally due to its properties, as it was rather convenient to
manufacture coins of such a rare and beautiful metal.

Paper money appeared as a consequence of the inconvenience of gold coins in use (they were
quickly losing their appearance and weighted a lot). Therefore the Gold standard finally collapsed in
the first half of the XX century.
In the period of the First World War banks started to refuse to change paper money into gold and this
situation got even more intense in the times of the Great Depression of 1929–1933. At the end of the
World War II a dollar standard had been set at a conference in USA, and in 1973 in Jamaica a
system of floating currencies was adopted. Today's money is easy in use and being constantly
modified, often changes its forms.
In this regard, we can speak of different forms of money: 1. Cash – money which is represented in
metal coins or printed paper money;

Christianity In American Education In The 1920's
Christianity has a history of being laced with education in the United States. From colonization of
the United States with Christian textbooks, to laws written to maintain Christianity in schools, and
to now with Supreme Court cases banning Christianity from schools; it has always been a persistent
force in America's education. The foundation of the entanglement of religion and education began
with the creation of the nation's first universities. After that, laws were mandated to maintain the
religious mix, like the Northwest Ordinance. Significantly, the New England Primer and the
McGuffey Readers were the basis of all basic education, as the religious contents influenced
multitudes of American generations. Supreme Court cases have proven ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The 1920's witnessed social change dramatically change the common culture of the United States.
Sinful speakeasies, flappers, and jazz were sweeping the nation, and religious conservatives were
not happy with it. The scientific theory of evolution founded by Charles Darwin was spreading
throughout the world, and into the classrooms of America (Margulies, et al. 70). In 1925, Tennessee
passed the Butler Law, prohibiting the teaching of evolution in the state. The law would've been
passed unnoticed if not for Lucile Milner, executive secretary of the ACLU discovering it. The
American Civil Liberties Union, or ACLU, was created in 1920 to defend men who refused to fight
in World War I (Margulies, et al.74). Upon recognition of the Butler Law, the ACLU decided to fight
the law by advertising for teacher who taught evolution to represent the case. Dayton, Tennessee
was where they found the teacher to testify against the law. Dayton was economically struggling,
and needed the boost from a major event to help benefit it. Under George Rappelyea's leadership,
the town and John Thomas Scopes agreed to represent the case. Equally important, William
Jennings Bryan was a popular politician of the time, who was the leader of the Populist Party,
supported bimetallism, ran for President three times, served as Secretary of State under Woodrow
Wilson, and was an evangelist (Margulies, et al. 78). Bryan decided to represent the World Christian
Fundamentalist in the case, drawing more national attention to the impending trial. Conversely,
Clarence Darrow sided with Scopes. Darrow was eighty–years–old and one of the most renowned
lawyers in the country, always winning for the underdog. Initially, the ACLU was apprehensive to
Darrow representing the case, but since Scopes wanted his representation, they had no room

Benefits Of The Gilded Age
The late–nineteenth century was a turning point for American society, economics and politics. This
era was an era of seeming prosperity and diversity. Nonetheless, there were many perspectives that
were omitted from this prosperous and wealthy view shared among the few. As a result, the late
1800s was known as the Gilded Age, named by Mark Twain as an allusion to the concept of
something that is seemingly pleasantly plated with gold on the outside, but rotten to the core. This
Gilded Age, in essence, was a period of rapid growth of industry in the American North and West.
This industrialization brought many benefits, however, along with the benefits for the select few, it
also saw heavier persecution and exploitation against those who were ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There were acts passed during the Gilded Age that promoted Westward expansion, and, as a result,
allowed for businesses to rise to prominence. The Morrill Grants, notably in 1890, established many
agricultural and vocational colleges in the United States to promote more industry supplemented
with an educated workforce to grow in the sparsely populated West. (Westward expansion.) The
Homestead Act also was a source of motivation for many aspiring wealth–seekers to settle West.
(Homestead Act.) The settlement of the West allowed for the rise of the railroad industry, both
private and government–operated, which was one of the stepping stones in the steep quest for
industry. Railroads allowed for easy access and shipment of raw materials from one edge of the
country to another. Also in support of Westward Expansion was Frederick Jackson Turner, who
promoted Westward settlement in his Frontier Thesis. In this thesis, he claims that the West is
America's ultimate frontier, and stressed the process of settling the frontier. (Turner Thesis.)
Westward expansion and the settlement of the frontier saw the rise of the railroad industry and
American business, and also allowed for certain entrepreneurs throughout the country to take
advantage of their opportunity, despite causing harm to many small businesses that were practicing
fair business methods. (Ida

American Economy Research Paper
A strong economy is the backbone of a successful and prosperous country. However, the economy is
constantly changing, and that can have a massive impact on every other aspect of life for a country's
citizens. The United States of America shows that a changing economy has an impact on the rest of
the country.
When white settlers first arrived in America in the 1700s, they brought with them the concept of
currency. This alone was a huge change to a land that, at that time, simply traded for goods and
services through barter. When British colonists gained their independence from Britain, they
founded a new country called the United States of America. To reflect this, they made the switch to
a new currency, the U.S. dollar. The introduction of

Gilded Age: Populists In The United States
Recovering from the Civil War, the United States caught up to its European counterparts as an
industrial competitor during a period referred to as the United States' Gilded Age. However, as
industry success skyrocketed with the rising demand for localized manufactured products, the
divisions of wage and class between factory owners and workers sharpened, reversing the equalizing
spirit that surrounded the period of Reconstruction and strived to incorporate all Americans into a
free labor capitalist society. Swallowed by the Gilded Age, the common folk of the United States fell
further behind in the scramble for wealth. Populists were committed to diminishing their financial
reliance on the United States' industrial companies with the government's ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In comparion to gold, silver had a lower price reliability because it was more accesbible, which
could have caused discouragement in investments. Nonetheless, this would make debts be easier to
pay off, which was the primary concern of the populists. During that time, the overall cost level had
been in a continual deflationary course, and so many saw inflation as a suitable plan to maintain
wages. The idea of increased wages also appealed to farmers. As farmers struggled with their sale of
crops, supporters of this movement advocated for an inflationary monetary policy that would
increase the overall wealth of the people by having a larger supply of American money in
circulation. Appealing towards farmers and workers, bimetallism was highly supported in the south
and west but even with the high amount of supporters, the inflation ultimately would have to cut into
the profits of manufacturers causing the issue to terminate. An 1893 edition of the Caldwell Tribune
offers an example of a statement of rebuke for this proposed system by an anti–populist,

William Mckinley, A Man Of Great Integrity And One Of The...
William McKinley, a man of great integrity and one of the most beloved American presidents,
altered the nation for the better between the years of 1897 and 1901 and his feats continue to affect
our lives today.
It was the election of 1896. Amongst an abysmal economic depression, Republican William
McKinley was nominated for presidency by Marcus Alonzo Hanna opposing the evangelical
democrat, William Jennings Bryan. In 1876, McKinley was elected to Congress, where he became
the Republican Party's leading expert on the protective tariff, promising its ability to bring fortune.
He defeated Bryan, after a "front–porch campaign ," in which he backed the protection of the gold
standard, and promised that high tariffs would re–establish wealth throughout the nation.
During his presidency, William McKinley had many domestic affairs to deal with. Amid the most
significant issues, McKinley's tariff legislation was a big one. Bimetallism was also an important
issue. The McKinley administration went after an agreement that would include silver, as a standard
European currency. McKinley didn't like the idea so he began promoting a completely gold–based
currency. In 1900, he signed the Gold Standard Act, which officially ended the use of silver as a
standard of United States currency and established gold as the only standard. This still affects us
today because although no country uses the gold standard, there is a rising support for its
reintroduction in the hope of regulating U.S.

Progressives versus Populists
The onset 20th Century holds two main movements: The Populists and The Progressives. These two
parties are similar, but their policies and philosophies hold diversities. The Populists party comprises
of farmers and poor whites in the south; they focus on eastern interests i.e. railroads and banks. The
Populists also call for government action, to intervene and to create an efficient society which
includes a flourishing middle class. The Progressives include educated middle class men and men of
universities, they too demanded for reform, but accomplish their goals through legislation and the
judicial system. The Progressives focused on reform as well as destroying the Robber Barons. Some
Progressives were actually a part of the Populist Party; they weren't contradictory parties. To
simplify the matter The Populist party held picnics in order to present discussions, while the
Progressives hold educated and sophisticated men of great esteem who were much more formal. The
Populist Party was the people's party, hence the name Populist, the party was created in the late
1800s when the Southern Famer alliance contacted Powderly, the head of The Knights of Labor. The
party's first platform was called the Omaha Platform which called for the abolition of the national
bank, graduated income tax, direct election of senators, civil service reform, an eight hour work
week, and the gov't control of railroads, telegraphs and telephones. The Populists supported the
Prohibition

President William McKinley
"The march of events rules and overrules human action," William McKinley's own words would
soon become foretelling for his presidency. On September 6, 1901, at the Pan American Exhibition
in Buffalo, New York, President William McKinley reached for another handshake two large bangs
interrupted the buzz of voices in the Temple of Music. Eight days later, William McKinley died
from his wounds. McKinley's untimely death shocked the nation and created many changes in the
United States as a whole. How and why McKinley was assassinated and what changes occurred due
to the death of the President. William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843, in Niles, Ohio. At
age ten, he moved with his family to Poland, Ohio. William Jr. was the seventh of eight children.
His father owned a small iron foundry which gave young William a strong work ethic and a
respectful attitude. William's mother, Nancy, taught him the value of prayer, courtesy, and honesty in
all relations. Education in William's early years consisted of attending a school run by the Methodist
seminary in his hometown of Poland, Ohio. After graduation he attended Allegheny College in
Meadville, Pennsylvania for only one term due to illness after his fight with depression and financial
difficulties in the family. Financial troubles within the family made it impossible for William to go
back to school, forcing him to take a job as a postal clerk and later a teaching position at a school
near his home in Poland, Ohio.

Symbolism In William Jennings Bryan's 'The Wonderful...
During the late 1800's, a pervasive sense of melancholy permeated throughout the forgotten, dreary
Midwestern United States. While the industrial revolution boosted the economy on the coasts,
Midwestern farmers were victims of deflationary debt increases, exorbitant shipping and railroad
rates, a high protective tariff, and a government that for the most part ignored them.1 Desperate
circumstances moved the everyday American farmers to join together and voice their grievances.
Instead of seeking federal aid or economic relief, they attempted to use the power of the ballot to
achieve their goals.1 The united group of farmers used the Populist Party as a springboard to launch
their complaints and eventually got their candidate, William Jennings Bryan, nominated for the
presidential election of 1896 by the Democratic Party. L. Frank Baum, a newspaper writer who lived
in a small prairie town in South Dakota, experienced the populist wave firsthand, attending Bryan's
famous "Cross of Gold" speech in Chicago, and subtly incorporated many aspects of Bryan's
campaign into his children's novel, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.2 Despite his own claim that "this
novel was written solely for the entertainment of the children of today", several historians have
discovered that the book clearly reflects the culture of the time period in which it was written.3 By
symbolically representing the struggles of the everyday working man, Bryan's political enemies, and
the campaign for free silver, Baum

William Mckinley 's President Of The United States
William McKinley took office as the 25th President of the United States on March 4, 1897 at age
fifty four. McKinley served in office for 4 years 6 months. William McKinley was born in the
Trumbull County January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio (Washington Times). William McKinley was
assassinated September 14th, 1901 by Leon Czolgosz. Everyone thought for a while he was going to
have a full recovery from being shot but he ended up with gangrene. Czolgosz last words consisted
of, him saying he killed the president for the working class and he was not sorry for doing it. He had
read that the King of Italy was killed for the same reason and wanted to do the same in America
hoping to accomplish the same things there. His hatred towards McKinley for being an enemy of the
American working class is ironic since McKinley supported a tariff on foreign goods in order to
support industry at home of the working class. Czolgosz really didn't do all his research on what the
president was trying to accomplish before just killing him, he may have thought he knew it all but
he really didn't (Gould, Lewis L). The state in which McKinley was elected from was New York
with thirty six, he won twenty three states. McKinley's Electoral College results ended up Two
hundred Seventy one. The second time he ran he received two hundred ninety two Electoral College
votes. Also his popular vote was between 7,102,246 and 7,218,491 with both of his terms. McKinley
ended up being a big crowd favorite, his

Brief History Of Financial System

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Michelle Singh

More from Michelle Singh (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Brief History Of Financial System