The document discusses India's national energy sector development and planning. It provides statistics on energy generation, installed capacity, and capacity addition in India from April-December 2019 and through 2027. Key points include: - Thermal power accounts for over 70% of energy generation while renewable sources including solar, wind and biomass make up around 10%. - India has set a target of achieving 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022 including 100 GW of solar and 60 GW of wind. - The presentation outlines various policy initiatives and transmission planning to support achieving this renewable energy target. - Flexible operation of thermal power plants will be necessary to integrate increasing renewable energy on the grid.

1. The first meeting of BRICS
Committee of Senior Energy Officials
(20-21 February ,Moscow)
Vijay Menghani
Chief Engineer , CEA
Ministry of Power
Government of India
vmenghani@nic.in

2. भारत सरकार
Government of India
विद् युत मंत्रालय
Ministry of Power

3. BRIEF ABOUT PRESENTATION
•Overview of National Energy Sector
Development.
•Planning in Energy Sector.
•Renewable Energy Sector.
•Flexible operation of Thermal Power Plants .
•Technological cooperation Fields

4. ENERGY GENERATION(APRIL- DEC,2019)
Thermal, 779.6, 73.87%
Nuclear, 35.7, 3.38%
Hydro, 129.5,
12.27%
Bhutan Import Hydro, 5.6,
0.53%
Small Hydro, 7.7, 0.73%
Wind, 54.4, 5.15%
Biomass+Baggase+WH,
8.13,.77%
Solar, 34.8, 3.30%
Renewable ,
105.0, 9.95%
Gross Energy Generation ( 1055.41 BU) April-Dec,2019
Thermal Nuclear Hydro Bhutan Import Hydro Small Hydro Wind Biomass+Baggase+WH Solar
RE Generation data based on the Monthly report published for December 2019 .
ALL FIGURES IN BU

5. INSTALLED CAPACITY
TOTAL:368789.05 MW
Central
92796.93
25%
State
103815.14
28%
Private
172176.98
47%
Sector-wise All India Installed
Capacity (in MW) AS ON 31.12.2019
Coal
205254.5
56%
Hydro
45399.22
12%
Diesel
509.71
0%
Nuclear
6780
2%
Gas
24937.22
7%
RES
85908.41
23%
Fuel-wise Total All India Installed
Capacity (MW) As on
31.12.2019

6. CAPACITY ADDITION FROM CONVENTIONAL SOURCES
40,245 41,110
78,700
88,537
13,171
8,106 12,186
19,119 21,180
54,964
99209
9,505 5,922 5,445
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
9TH PLAN 10TH PLAN 11TH PLAN 12TH PLAN 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20*
MW
TARGET ACHIEVED
* As on 31.10.2019

7. YEARWISE CAPACITY ADDITION FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
(MW)
3971.16
6964.88
11320.19
11778.16
8619.24
8266.79
0.00
2000.00
4000.00
6000.00
8000.00
10000.00
12000.00
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 (upto Dec-
19)
MW
Year
RE installed Capacity year wise
RE Capacity addition (MW)

8. Power Supply Position in the country
1. At present, demand supply gap at an all time low of less than 1%. This gap is on account of factors other than non-availability of
power.
2. Adequate power available in the country.
11.8
13.8
10.6
9
4.5 4.7
3.2
1.6
2
0.8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2001-02 2006-07 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Power Supply Position in terms of Peak
Peak Demand (GW) Peak Demand Met(GW) Demand Not Met (%)
7.5
9.6
8.5 8.7
4.2
3.6
2.1
0.7 0.7 0.6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
2001-02 2006-07 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Power Supply Postion in terms of Energy
Series1 Series2 Series3

9. PLANNING IN ENERGY SECTOR
Solar
57%
Wind
34%
Biomass
6%
Small hydro…
Renewable Installed
Capacity Target by 2022
57,260
71,768
95,319
120,772
147,541
174,998
12,289
25,475
43,035
61,693
80,899
100,000
32,280 33,578
39,078 45,305
52,258 60,000
-10,000
40,000
90,000
140,000
190,000
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2019-20
2020-21
2021-22
MW
YEAR
Projected Growth of RES Installed
Generating Capacity (MW)
WIND
SOLAR
TOTAL

10. PROJECTED INSTALLED CAPACITY (MARCH, 2022)
Hydro
155,742.0
9.16%
Coal+Lignite
1,071,801.0
63.05%
Gas+Diesel
82,626.0
4.86%
Nuclear
62,643.0
3.69%
RES
327,000.0
19.24%
Coal+Lignite
217,302
45%
Gas
25,736
5%
Hydro
51,301
11%
Nuclear
10,080
2%
Renewables
175,000
37%
TOTAL 4,79,419 MW
ALL FIGURES IN MW
TOTAL 16,99,812 GWh
ALL FIGURES IN GWh

11. PROJECTED INSTALLED CAPACITY (MARCH, 2027)
Hydro
268,859.0
12.10%
Coal+Lignite
1,238,906.0
55.74%
Gas+Diesel
86,182.0
3.88%
Nuclear
110,696.0
4.98%
RES
518,000.0
23.31%
ALL FIGURES IN MW
Coal+Lignite
238,150
39%
Gas
25,735
4%
Hydro
63,301
10%
Nuclear
16,880
3%
Renewables
275,000
44%
TOTAL 6,19,066 MW TOTAL 22,22,643 GWh
ALL FIGURES IN GWh

12. India’s key commitments towards a renewable future
India submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
(INDCs) on the sidelines of COP 21 at Paris in October 2015 highlighting
its pathway to sustainable development.
The following INDCs specifically calls for actions in the Power Sector:
To reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 percent by
2030 from the 2005 level.1
To achieve about 40 percent cumulative electric power installed
capacity from non-fossil fuel based energy resources by 2030.
2

13. Policy Initiatives for Renewable Energy
 Declaration of trajectory for Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO)
up to 2022
• 21% RPO (10.5% solar and 10.5% non-solar) by 2022
 Waiver of Inter-State Transmission System charges and losses for
RE projects to be commissioned up to March, 2022
 Notification of quality standards for deployment of solar
photovoltaic systems/devices

14. Policy Initiatives (Cont..)
 Issuance of guidelines for procurement of solar and wind power
through tariff based competitive bidding process
 Laying down of detailed trajectory for bids in solar and wind sector
so as to achieve the 175 GW target
 Implementation of Green Energy Corridor project to facilitate grid
integration of large scale Renewable Energy capacities
 New innovative initiatives like floating Solar, Hybrid, Storage and
Off-Shore Wind

15. Mission 175 GW RE by 2022
India set an ambitious target of 175 GW RE by 2022:
 Solar: 100 GW
 Wind: 60 GW
 Biomass: 10 GW
 Small Hydro: 5 GW

16. Transmission Planning by 2022
Total Target : 175 GW
 Commissioned Grid Capacity : 75 GW
 Green Energy Corridors - I
 Intra-State Transmission System (InSTS) : 24 GW
 Inter-State Transmission System (ISTS) : 6 GW
 Green Energy Corridors– II
 ISTS for Solar Parks : 6 GW
 InSTS : 22 GW
 ISTS planning for Renewable Energy Zones: 66.5 GW
Total Planning : 199.5 GW

17. For System Stability
• 14 Nos. of Hybrid STATCOMs (11,350MVAr)
• 4 no. of SVC (2500MVAr)
• 48 nos. FSC/TCSC
Transmission Infrastructure for supporting RE
17

18. Transmission for UMSPPs
GEC-II
Green Energy Corridor (Inter-State)
GEC-I
Green Energy Corridors
18
Rewa, 750 MW
Bhadla-III, 500 MW
Bhadla-IV, 250 MW
Essel, 750 MW
Radhanesda, 700 MW
NP Kunta, 1500 MW
Pavagada, 2000 MW

19. Rajasthan
Maharashtra
Karnataka
TN
MPGujarat
AP
WRLDC
SRLDC
NRLDC
NLDC
11 no. of REMC : 7 States + 3
Regions + 1 National level
• Forecasting of RE generation
• Real time tracking of RE generation
from RE sources
• Scheduling solutions
Renewable Energy Management Center

20. Flexible Operation of Thermal Power Plants
View the situation from the point of thermal plant operation
Forecast the generation scenario for the year 2021-22
Measures and Costs involved in flexible operation of TPS
01
02
03
OBJECTIVE

21. Demand & Generation on the day 27th July,2021
180
177
174
172
171
172
175
178
179
180
182
181
181
179
178
178
178
175
175
185
190
189.882
187
186
29
27
25
22
23
23
23
41
59
80
94
102
108.082
105
93
81
62
44
33
32
29
29
29
29
111
111
110
111
110
111
112
96
77
58
46
39
32.665
35
45
57
76
92
102
109
117
116.769
115
114
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
GW
Hours
Total Load (2021-22) Nuclear BAU Small Hydro BAU Biomass BAU
Gas BAU Hydro BAU RES (S+W) BAU Coal BAU

22. Critical Period
The most critical period for the operation of the thermal power plants and the grid as whole is June
July & August 2021. The following reasons are anticipated for this phenomenon.
1. Continuous run of hydro plants due to abundant water supply during monsoon.
2. Quality of coal deteriorates in the monsoon which adversely affects the low load operation of ther
mal plant.
3. Maximum solar generation is available in this period
4. High Wind during monsoons contributes to increased RES generation.
Hence, it may be concluded that if the Indian power system can accommodate full RES generation of
108 GW during the period June to August 2021 and survive, the grid can survive throughout the year.

23. Ramp Rate - Requirement
0
50
100
150
200
250
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324
Generation(MW)
Thousands
27th July 2021
Coal BAU Total Load (2021-22)
Ramp Down Rate:
Max. ramp down rate is
310 MW/min. at 900 hrs.
Ramp up Rate:
Max. ramp up rate is
305 MW/min. at 1600 hrs.
Day Date
Max Total
Demand
Max RES
Generation MTL
Ramp Value
(MW/min)
Highest Ramp Down 13th March 2022 185585 74684 48.21% -422
Highest Ramp Up 3rd Feb 2022 200364 74701 53.02% 379

24. Ramp Rate – Capability
3rd February 2022, 379 ramp up rate
SN Unit &
Size (MW)
Capacity
utilization
Capacity
on Bar
Assumed
Ramp
Ramp Rate
% MW Rate (%) (MW/Min.)
1 < 150 40 4073 1% 41
2 200/210 80 25824 1% 258
3 250 to 360 80 30885 1% 309
4 500 80 37276 1% 373
5 600 to 800 82 86043 1% 860
Total 184100 1841
Similarly consider the highest ramp down day of 422 MW/min. on 13th March, 2022. Maximum ex bus
generation required from thermal is 140 GW, considering 10% reserve and 7% APC, about 167 GW
thermal capacity has to be synchronized.

25. Ramp Rate – Capability
27th July 2021
Unit & Size (MW)
Capacity
utilization
Capac
ity on
Bar
Assumed
Ramp Ramp Rate
% MW Rate (%) (MW/Min.)
1 < 150 35 3564 1% 35
2 200/210 56 18077 1% 180
3 250 to 360 56 21619 1% 216
4 500 60 27957 1% 279
5 600 to 800 65 68205 1% 682
Total 139422 1394

26. Coordinated Effort
to integrate renewable generation
• Step I: Hydro & Gas Reallocation
• Step II: Pump/ Battery Storage + Two Shift Operation
• Step III: RE Curtailment

27. Step 1: Hydro & PS Flexing
• Additional 6200 MW hydro gen. flexing including
4785 MW running & 1205 MW of under constructi
on PS.
• Energy recovery of 70% is considered for PS
• Pumped storage solve flexibilisation problem in t
wo ways
• Consumes power in afternoon
• Supplies power in morn./even. Peak
• Regulatory intervention is proposed to attract m
ore hydro gen. during peak hrs for followings:
• Lucrative tariff /incentives
• Revision of grid code,
• Implementation of 2-part tariff
0
10
20
30
40
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
GW
Hours
Hydro Power
Hydro BAU Hydro after reallocation

28. Step 1: Gas Flexing
• Gas plants do not flex much as o
f today
• In 2021-22, we need 3000 MW g
eneration flexibility from Gas pla
nt by start/stop
0
3
6
9
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
GW Hours
Gas Power
Gas BAU Gas after reallocation

29. Step 2: Two shift Operation of small & old thermal units
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
MW
Hours

30. Step 2: Proposed Battery or PS or combination of both
4400
4100
3400
4500
3500
4600
5800
2200
-7000
-7000
-7000
-7000
-7000
-7000
-7000
-7000
-7000
2800
3900
2400
4400
4500
3500
2900
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
MW
Hours

31. Step 3: RE Curtailment
• Negligible amount of RES curtailment goes
a long way in ensuring integration of clean
power.
• June to August is period of high solar and w
ind generation.
• Almost all curtailment of RE generation will
happen in this period.
• Value of curtailed energy is Rs 658 Cr. c
onsidering rate of energy at Rs.2.50 /kwh
S.No. Season MU of
RES pro
duced
MU of
RES curt
ailed
% of
RES curt
ailed
1 Monsoon 100815 2555 2.53%
2 Non-
Monsoon
173488 73 0.04%
3 Overall 274303 2628 0.96%
Overall % RES curtailed 0.96%
Monsoon : June – August (3 Months)
Non Monsoon : Sept – May (9 Months)

32. Smart Grid Knowledge Centre

33. Description of Energy Storage
• There are various types of energy storages, such as electric double
layer capacitor (EDLC), BESS, superconducting magnetic energy
storage, flywheel, electrochemical capacitors, pumped storage power
plant, compressed air energy storage, hydrogen
storage, flywheel (FW), plug in electric vehicle (PEV), etc.

34. Battery Energy Storage System
Advanced
Lead Acid &
Lithium Iron
Phosphate
Each system
500 kW, 250
kWh
Frequency
Regulation
& Energy
Time Shift

35. Electric Vehicles (EV)
• An Electric Vehicle comprise of electric motors powered by a battery
or energy storage device.
• The battery storage capacity and longevity highly decides the EV
performance and reliability.
• EVs are considered zero-emission vehicles because the motors
produce no exhaust or emissions.
• For success of EVs roll out easy availability of charging stations is a
must, this will alleviate the range anxiety as well.
• Certain incentives are required initially for mass roll out of EVs.

36. Pump Storage Plants
• Pumped-storage power plants act as a reversible hydroelectric facility
where the water is pumped uphill into a reservoir from the lower
reservoir. The force of the water flowing back down the hill is then
harnessed to produce electricity in the similar manner as in
conventional hydroelectric plants.
• PSPs can be termed analogous to storage batteries, and are quite
useful in providing the balancing power to mitigate the variability and
intermittency of RE Generation.

37. Floating Solar Power Station
• Floating solar power involves installing solar panels on floating
structures on a body of water, such as lake, ocean, or in a hydropower
reservoir.
• An increase in electricity generation from floating solar PV plants on
account of reduced operating temperature of solar modules could be
observed.
• Water conservation on account of cleaning the solar PV plant, water
comes back to water body.
• Reduction of loss of water on account of evaporation.

38. Fuel Cells
• A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel
into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another
oxidizing agent. Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they
require a constant source of fuel and oxygen to run, but they can
produce electricity continually as long as these inputs are supplied.
• Advantages being clean energy as water is the by product with a zero
carbon footprint, higher efficiency as compared with other prevalent
renewable energy sources and have ease in installation and
operation.
• Challenges includes higher operational cost in transportation and
storage of fuel, that is around 50% as well as high initial capital cost.

39. Giga Scale Batteries
• New technologies are emerging in battery storage technologies. The
plans are there to establish Giga Scale Advance Chemistry Cell (ACC)
manufacturing facilities with certain tax incentives.
• Batteries will find large scale application in Evs roll out programme.
There is a scope of batteries in electrical power system storage,
performing various functions.

40. Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
• It is a novel technology that stores electricity from the grid within the
magnetic field of a coil comprised of superconducting wire with near-
zero loss of energy.

41. City Gas Distribution(CGD) in India
• CGD sector has four distinct segments – Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
predominantly used as auto-fuel, and Piped Natural Gas (PNG) used in in
domestic, commercial and Industrial segments.
• It has been decided to meet 100% gas requirement of CNG (Transport) and
PNG(Domestic) segments through supply of domestic gas which is cheaper
than imported gas.
• At present, CGD sector is consuming approx. 14.36 Million Metric Standard
Cubic Meter per Day (MMSCMD) of domestic Gas for CNG (Transport) and
PNG (Domestic) sector.
• There is approx. 10.91 MMSCMD of imported Re-gasified Liquefied Natural
Gas (RLNG) used by Commercial and Industrial segment of CGD sector

42. Indian LNG Terminals(Existing and Proposed)

43. Demand projection of petroleum and Natural
gas in 12th & 13th Plan in India
Products 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
1. Petroleum Products ('000MT) 152937 160436 168635 176972 186209
2. Natural Gas (MMSCMD) 293 371 405 446 473
Products 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
1. Petroleum Products ('000MT) 197445 209185 220747 232649 244960
2. Natural Gas (MMSCMD) 494 523 552 586 606
Demand: 13th Plan
Demand: 12th Plan
Period : 2012-13 to 2021-22