Inverted Energy: Energy Storage Case Study

DEMOCRATISING ENERGY ACCESS, #GOBEYOND

THE INDIAN POWER SECTOR
India’s power demand continues to grow due to modernisation and economic growth, and has been witnessing an increasing trend in the share of
renewable power installed capacity over the last few years.
Globally, India is one of the fastest growing electricity markets, and had an average growth rate of 7.72% between 2006 and 2014 and a 370%
increase in solar capacity over the last three years, from 2.6 GW to more than 12.2 GW in 2017.
CONTEXT: THE INDIAN POWER SECTOR

ENERGY STORAGE : MARKET OPPORTUNITY
India has released a draft national policy for mini and micro grids, which, if adopted, will create the proper framework and environment for
developing 500MW capacity over the coming decade.
India alone has a little less than one-third of the global deficit

ON THE ROAD TO UNLOCK THE RENEWABLE POTENTIAL OF INDIA
India ranks third among 40 countries in EY’s
Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index,
on back of strong focus by the government on
promoting renewable energy and implementation
of projects in a time bound manner.
World Bank to loan US$1 billion loan for
India's solar programme, which will partly focus on
improving transmission for solar parks and
supporting innovation in wind and energy storage
hybrids.
In September 2017, the Government of India
launched the Saubhagya scheme to provide
electricity connections to over 40 million
unelectrified households by providing solar power
packs along with battery banks at a outlay of US$
2.5 billion.

ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATION OPPORTUNITIES IN INDIA
ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS
INDUSTRIAL
Solar Storage
Surge Management
Genset Reduction
Other Usage
COMMERCIAL
PETROL PUMPS
TELECOM SOLAR ATMS
MEDICAL
UTILITY
Load levelling
Peak Shaving
Frequency Regulation
Grid Stabilization
DT Upgradation Deferral
RESIDENTIAL
Genset Replacement
Excess PV Storage
Off-Grid Applications
Time of Day (TOD) tariff
Tariff Slab Management

INDUSTRIAL
Industrial units are large consumers of electricity and thus have potential for large scale solar systems, with average installation sizes ranging
from 100kWp to 500kWp.

COMMERCIAL: PETROL PUMPS
A large number of petrol pumps are remotely located (or in sparsely populated areas) and are highly dependent on diesel generators for energy
requirements due to lack of access to reliable power.
Solar systems with a capacity in the range of 10kW to 15 kW with battery backup of 96V and 150Ah are installed along with a 6.5 kVA inverter
to cater to the entire station load in urban areas.
TOTAL NO. OF PETROL PUMPS IN INDIA: ~ 52,000
INDIAN OIL
CORPORATION LIMITED
HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM
CORPORATION LIMITED
BHARAT PETROLEUM
CORPORATION LIMITED
PRIVATE PLAYERS
~ 24,000 ~ 12,9000 ~ 12,200 ~ 3,000
IOCL is driving the market of solar powered petrol pumps. The company is targeting an installation of solar systems at ~10,000 retail outlets in
the next 2-3 years. Currently, only ~2000 petrol pumps are solar powered. 1500 of these belong to IOCL.

COMMERCIAL: TELECOM TOWERS
India, is experiencing a sustained growth in wireless telecommunication sector, with an addition of 8 million mobile users every month.

COMMERCIAL: ACADEMIC INSTITUTES
Solar systems with a capacity ranging from few kilowatts to few hundred kilowatts have been deployed for diverse consumer groups depending
on the energy requirements. Battery backup in this segment is only preferred for critical loads instead of 100% backup in Tier 1 cities whereas in
Tier 2 cities, battery back up is only required to cater to grid outages.

MICRO-GRIDS
Given the vast opportunity in rural India, many entrepreneurs and NGOs has setup the micro and mini-grids to provide reliable electricity for
basic needs of a rural household. There are currently more than 10 micro-grid companies in India that have installed 600 solar photovoltaic
mini-grids, with a total capacity of 8.2MW.
Solar micro/mini-grids are a promising alternative to grid to supply reliable and un-interrupted electricity. Acknowledging the importance of
micro/mini-grids for providing electricity to rural households, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has launched National Micro/
mini-grid Policy in June 2016. MNRE targets to deploy at least 10,000 RE based micro and mini grids across the country with a minimum
installed RE capacity of 500 MW in next 5 years (taking average size as 50 kW).
Comparative assessment of different micro/mini-grid solutions provided by state nodal agencies and private companies

RESIDENTIAL
For residential consumers, depending on the connected load, solar systems of up to 5 kW capacity are installed. Roof-top solar installations in
the residential segment would reach ~5 GW (cumulative installations) by 2022.
The residential segment is dominated by tubular flooded lead acid batteries and a small fraction of households also use VRLA batteries.
12V batteries with 150Ah rating are predominantly used.

SITUATION – 1
ENERGY STORAGE CASE STUDY
Details of the project under discussion :-
• DG SETS SPECIFICATION – 62.5kVA/50kW
• NUMBER OF DG SETS – 2
• OPERATION TIME – 24 HOURS
• WORKING MODEL – 2 DG SETS CONNECTED IN SERIES. ONE DG RUNS AT A TIME.
• GRID CONNECTION – ABSENT
• AVERAGE DIESEL CONSUMPTION – 200-250 litres per day
• AVAILABLE ROOFTOP SPACE – At most 120kW

ACQUISITION OF DATA – POWER METER AND HANDWRITTEN RECORDS
For June 2018, a power meter was installed by Inverted Energy with which data for Voltage, Current and Power were captured.

Power(kW)
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
55.00
60.00
00:30 03:30 06:30 09:30 12:30 15:30 18:30 21:3060kW Load
LOAD CURVE WITH SOLAR CURVES FOR 60KW, 90KW AND 120 KW PV
Power(kW)
0.00
22.50
45.00
67.50
90.00
00:30
02:00
03:30
05:00
06:30
08:00
09:30
11:00
12:30
14:00
15:30
17:00
18:30
20:00
21:30
23:00
90kW Load
Power(kW)
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
110.00
120.00
00:30
02:00
03:30
05:00
06:30
08:00
09:30
11:00
12:30
14:00
15:30
17:00
18:30
20:00
21:30
23:00
120kW Load
Excess Energy with 60kw PV Excess Energy with 90kw PV Excess Energy with 120kw PV

SOLUTION WITH FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY
The battery size with respect to the PV Plant Capacity follows a
linear trend as the excess generation (kWh) is additive as the PV
plant capacity increases. Hence, the proposed solution,
75kW-189 kWh is in line with customer’s investment budget of
INR 1 Cr.
The energy requirement of the facility is catered by Diesel and
Solar + Battery system. Diesel Gensets will only be used to
supplement for additional power.
For the proposed solution the expected time of recovery is ~ 5
Years.
Scenarios (PV - Battery) 60kW - 92kWh 90kW - 285kWh 120 kW - 480kWh 75kW - 189kWh
Running Load (kW) 27 27 27 27
Operation Hours 24 24 24 24
Energy Consumed in 1 day 648 648 648 648
Energy Supplied by PV (kWh) 252 378 504 315
Energy Supplied by DG Set 396 270 144 333
Energy Storage Components
PV Plant (in kW) 16,50,000 24,75,000 33,00,000 21,00,000
Inverter (in kW) 10,00,000 13,00,000 15,00,000 63,20,000
Rated Battery Bank (in kWh) 31,20,000 95,20,000 1,66,00,000 14,00,000
Installation Cost 2,40,000 3,60,000 4,80,000 3,00,000
Total 60,10,000 1,36,55,000 2,18,80,000 1,01,20,000
Expected Inflation Rate 10% 10% 10% 10%
DG Set Cost 5,00,000 5,00,000 5,00,000 5,00,000
Yearly Diesel Cost (Without ESS) 45,36,000 45,36,000 45,36,000 45,36,000
Yearly Diesel Cost (With ESS) 27,72,000 18,90,000 10,08,000 23,31,000
Yearly Savings (With ESS) 17,64,000 26,46,000 35,28,000 22,05,000
Total Savings at end of Year 1 17,55,152 25,56,970 33,58,789 21,56,061
Total Savings at end of Year 2 35,90,486 52,34,213 68,77,940 44,12,350
Total Savings at end of Year 3 55,10,010 80,37,742 1,05,65,474 67,73,877
Total Savings at end of Year 4 73,66,420 1,08,22,357 1,42,78,293 90,94,390
Total Savings at end of Year 5 93,15,651 1,37,46,202 1,81,76,754 1,15,30,928
Total Savings at end of Year 6 1,13,62,343 1,68,16,240 2,22,70,138 1,40,89,292
Investment
Diesel GenSet
Time of Recovery (with 10% return discount)

SITUATION #2
• SIZE OF PV INSTALLED – 400kW
• NATURE OF LOAD – VARIABLE
• NET METERING – NOT AVAILABLE
PROBLEM STATEMENT
• The Facility is using PV System to generate electricity. Excess PV energy generated is getting wasted as there is no net metering.
• There is higher load during evening time when PV is not available.
• The customer wants a cost efficient and reliable solution which can address both the problems.

LOAD CURVES ANALYSIS – BEFORE AND AFTER SIMULATION
Load Curve for 27th Oct 2018 to 30th Oct 2018
Power(kW)
0
300
600
900
1200
11:19 AM06:27 PM01:35 AM08:43 AM03:51 PM10:59 PM06:07 AM01:15 PM08:23 PM03:31 AM10:39 AM
kW
Power Curve for 29th Oct 2018
Power(kW)
0
300
600
900
1,200
12:03:00 AM2:59:00 AM 5:55:00 AM 8:51:00 AM11:47:00 AM2:43:00 PM 5:39:00 PM 8:35:00 PM11:31:00 PM
kW PV
Bagery Size for diﬀerent values of MDI
BagerySize(kWh)
0
750
1500
2250
3000
750.0
837.5
925.0
1012.5
1100.0
28th Oct 29th Oct
New Load Curves for 28th and 29th
Power(kW)
0
250
500
750
1000
Time (Hours)
12:03:00AM
1:11:00AM
2:19:00AM
3:27:00AM
4:35:00AM
5:43:00AM
6:51:00AM
7:59:00AM
9:07:00AM
10:15:00AM
11:23:00AM
12:31:00PM
1:39:00PM
2:47:00PM
3:55:00PM
5:03:00PM
6:11:00PM
7:19:00PM
8:27:00PM
9:35:00PM
10:43:00PM
11:51:00PM
12:59:00AM
2:07:00AM
3:15:00AM
4:23:00AM
5:31:00AM
6:39:00AM
7:47:00AM
8:55:00AM
10:03:00AM
11:11:00AM
12:19:00PM
1:27:00PM
2:35:00PM
3:43:00PM
4:51:00PM
5:59:00PM
7:07:00PM
8:15:00PM
9:23:00PM
10:31:00PM
11:39:00PM

ANALYSIS OF HARMONICS AND POWER FACTOR
PowerFactor
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.0
-10% 18% 45% 73% 100%
A1 THD PF1
%THD and PF vs % Load
0
25
50
75
100
12:03:00 AM12:43:00 PM 1:23:00 AM 2:03:00 PM
A1 THD A2 THD A3 THD
0.6
0.64
0.68
0.72
0.76
0.8
0.84
0.88
0.92
0.96
1
12:03:00 AM12:43:00 PM 1:23:00 AM 2:03:00 PM
PF1 PF2 PF3
Current Harmonics Power Factor

PROPOSED SOLUTION
SOLAR PANELS BATTERY BATTERY INVERTER
400kW 500kWh 250kW

SITUATION #3
• SIZE OF PV INSTALLED – 1000 kW
• NUMBER AND SIZE OF INVERTERS – 500 kW x 2
• NUMBER AND SIZE OF DG SETS – 400 kW x 5
PROBLEM STATEMENT
• The Solar Generation from the Solar Power Plant is clipped manually during the day to synchronize with the Diesel Generator
• The Solar Power Plant is operating at a CUF (Capacity Utilization Factor) of 11-12% due to the clipping of the Solar Generation
• 2 or 3 DG sets out of 5 DG sets are running to offer reliability of operations to the end consumer as they require uninterrupted supply

HOURLY DEMAND CURVE AND TOTAL SOLAR GENERATION CURVES FOR THE SITE
kWh
300.0
425.0
550.0
675.0
800.0
0:00:00 3:00:00 6:00:00 9:00:00 12:00:00 15:00:00 18:00:00 21:00:00
12-11-2018 13-11-2018 14-11-2018 15-11-2018 16-11-2018 17-11-2018
18-11-2018
Power(kW)
0
75
150
225
300
19:23:21 0:07:51 4:52:21 9:36:51 14:21:2119:05:5123:50:21 4:34:51 9:19:21
Demand Curve Solar Curves

Power(kW)
0
100
200
300
400
Time (Hours)
0:00:01
0:44:31
1:29:01
2:13:31
2:58:01
3:42:31
4:27:01
5:11:31
5:56:01
6:40:31
7:25:01
8:09:31
8:54:01
9:38:31
10:23:01
11:07:31
11:52:01
12:36:31
13:21:01
14:05:31
14:50:01
15:34:31
16:19:01
17:03:31
17:48:01
18:32:31
19:17:01
20:01:31
20:46:01
21:30:31
22:15:01
22:59:31
23:44:01
Without Clipping With Clipping
ENERGY WASTED FOR PCS1 AND PCS2 ON 18TH OCT 2018
Power(kW)
0
100
200
300
400
Time (Hours)
0:00:01
0:44:31
1:29:01
2:13:31
2:58:01
3:42:31
4:27:01
5:11:31
5:56:01
6:40:31
7:25:01
8:09:31
8:54:01
9:38:31
10:23:01
11:07:31
11:52:01
12:36:31
13:21:01
14:05:31
14:50:01
15:34:31
16:19:01
17:03:31
17:48:01
18:32:31
19:17:01
20:01:31
20:46:01
21:30:31
22:15:01
22:59:31
23:44:01
Without Clipping With Clipping
Total Energy = 1157 kWh
PVSyst Curve is modified to mimic the real-time conditions

Excess Energy Aker Resizing Gensets
Power(kW)
0
225
450
675
900
Time (Hours)
0:00:01
0:22:01
0:44:01
1:06:01
1:28:01
1:50:01
2:12:01
2:34:01
2:56:01
3:18:01
3:40:01
4:02:01
4:24:01
4:46:01
5:08:01
5:30:01
5:52:01
6:14:01
6:36:01
6:58:01
7:20:01
7:42:01
8:04:01
8:26:01
8:48:01
9:10:01
9:32:01
9:54:01
10:16:01
10:38:01
11:00:01
11:22:01
11:44:01
12:06:01
12:28:01
12:50:01
13:12:01
13:34:01
13:56:01
14:18:01
14:40:01
15:02:01
15:24:01
15:46:01
16:08:01
16:30:01
16:52:01
17:14:01
17:36:01
17:58:01
18:20:01
18:42:01
19:04:01
19:26:01
19:48:01
20:10:01
20:32:01
20:54:01
21:16:01
21:38:01
22:00:01
22:22:01
22:44:01
23:06:01
23:28:01
23:50:01
DG Original DG New Size
POWER CURVES BEFORE AND AFTER REMOVING LEAST GENERATING DG SET
Energy = 494 kWh

SUMMARY: FINANCIAL IMPACT OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
Date
Diesel Consumption (in litres)
Savings
(INR)
Annual
Savings*
Lifetime
Savings**
Before BESS After BESS Reduction
18th Oct
2018
3,699 3,324 375 28,101 98,35,350 9,83,53,500
2nd Nov 2018 3,681 3,307 374 27,984 97,94,400 9,79,44,000
16th Nov
2018
3,427 3,066 361 27,856 97,49,600 9,74,96,000
Average 97,93,176 9,79,31,760
*For Annual Savings, 350 days in an year is considered for calculation 
**For Lifetime Savings, 3500 cycles are considered for calculation

Inverted Energy: Energy Storage Case Study

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